Medical cybernetics

Short description: Branch of cybernetics applying systems theory in medicine

Medical cybernetics is a branch of cybernetics which has been heavily affected by the development of the computer,[1] which applies the concepts of cybernetics to medical research and practice. At the intersection of systems biology, systems medicine and clinical applications it covers an emerging working program for the application of systems\- and communication theory, connectionism and decision theory on biomedical research and health related questions.

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## Overview

Medical cybernetics searches for quantitative descriptions of biological dynamics.[2] It investigates intercausal networks in human biology, medical decision making and information processing structures in the living organism.

Approaches of medical cybernetics include:

* Systems theory in medical sciences: The scope of systems theory in the medical sciences is searching for and modelling of physiological dynamics in the intact and diseased organism to gain deeper insights into the organizational principles of life and its perturbations.[2][3] With focus on medical application this field is also referred to as systems medicine.
* Medical information and communication theory: Motivated by the awareness of information being an essential principle of life, the application of communication theory to biomedicine aims at an mathematical description of signalling processes and information storage in different physiological layers.[2] This attempt also includes theories on the information theory of the genetic code.[4][5][6][7][8]
* Connectionism: Connectionistic models describe information processing in neural networks – thus forming a bridge between biological and technological research.[2]
* Medical decision theory (MDT): The Goal of MDT is to gather evidence based foundations for decision making in the clinical setting.[2]

## See also

Related fields

* Biocybernetics
* Complex systems
* Cybernetics
* Systems theory
* Prosthetics
* Systems biology
* Systems medicine

Related scientists

* Uri Alon
* William Ross Ashby
* Claude Bernard
* Valentin Braitenberg
* Walter Cannon
* Stephen Grossberg
* Humberto Maturana
* Warren McCulloch

Related scientists

* Walter Pitts
* Arturo Rosenblueth
* Robert Trappl
* Felix Tretter
* Francisco Varela
* Frederic Vester
* Kevin Warwick
* Paul Watzlawick

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* List of biomedical cybernetics software
* List of medical cybernetics schools, Colleges and Universities
* Medical Cybernetics College Bradford, UK with Support office in Lenasia, Johannesburg, RSA. Principal Mohammed Dockrat, Medical Cyberneticist

## References

1. ↑ Brian H. Rudall (2000). "Cybernetics and systems in the 1980s". In: Kybernetes. Vol 29. Issue 5/6 p.595-611.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 J.W. Dietrich (2004), Medical Cybernetics – A Definition, Medizinische Kybernetik, 2004. Released under creative commons 2.0 attribution licence.
3. ↑ Tretter, F; Wolkenhauer, O; Meyer-Hermann, M; Dietrich, JW; Green, S; Marcum, J; Weckwerth, W (2021). "The Quest for System-Theoretical Medicine in the COVID-19 Era.". Frontiers in Medicine 8: 640974. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.640974. PMID 33855036.
4. ↑ Tsukamoto, Y (21 June 1979). "An information theory of the genetic code.". Journal of Theoretical Biology 78 (4): 451–98. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(79)90187-5. PMID 513794.
5. ↑ Figureau, A (1987). "Information theory and the genetic code.". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 17 (3–4): 439–49. doi:10.1007/BF02386481. PMID 3627775.
6. ↑ Battail, Gérard (2007). "Information Theory and Error-Correcting Codes In Genetics and Biological Evolution". Introduction to Biosemiotics: 299–345. doi:10.1007/1-4020-4814-9_13. ISBN 978-1-4020-4813-5.
7. ↑ Kuruoglu, EE; Arndt, PF (21 April 2017). "The information capacity of the genetic code: Is the natural code optimal?". Journal of Theoretical Biology 419: 227–237. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.01.046. PMID 28163008.
8. ↑ Ramakrishnan, Nithya; Bose, R. (20 August 2012). "Dipole entropy based techniques for segmentation of introns and exons in DNA". Applied Physics Letters 101 (8): 083701. doi:10.1063/1.4747205.

## Further reading

* V.V. Parin (1959), "Introduction to medical Cybernetics" in NASA Technical Translation no.F-459-F-462, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1959.
* C.A. Muses (1965). "Aspects of some crucial problems in biological and medical cybernetics". In: Progress in biocybernetics, 1965.

## External links

* Institute for Medical Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Medical University Vienna, Austria
* Medical Cybernetics in the Open Encyclopedia Project
* Portal Server Medizinische Kybernetik | Medical Cybernetics
* UCLA Biocybernetics Laboratory, Los Angeles, Ca, USA

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