Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome

Other names| NGPS, PSCOO, Progeria syndrome childhood-onset with osteolysis[1]
Specialty| Medical genetics
Symptoms| premature aging
Causes| mutations in the BANF1 gene, in chromosome 11

Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome is an extremely rare novel genetic disorder that is part of a group of syndromes called progeria. This disorder is characterized by the same symptoms of other progeria syndromes, which are premature aging with accompanying aged physical appearance, osteolysis, osteoporosis, scoliosis and lipoatrophy, however, what makes this disorder unique from other progeroid syndromes is the absence of any atherosclerotic, cardiovascular, and metabolic symptoms/complications, this makes the life-span of a person with NGPS somewhat longer than the average life-span of someone with progeria itself, although in place of the complications mentioned above, there's also additional symptoms, such as joint stiffness, growth retardation, facial dysmorphisms, wide cranial sutures, micrognathia, atrophic skin and a high risk of developing severe skeletal abnormalities[2][3][4]

This syndrome is caused by mutations in the BANF1 gene, in chromosome 11q13.1, and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern[5][6][7][8][9]

## Discovery

This rare disorder was discovered when 2 seemingly healthy twin boys named Nestor and Guillermo were born in Spain, starting at the age of 2, they rapidly started aging, when they were 10 years old, they had lost their hair, their skin started wrinkling, their bones started weaking and their stature barely increased, it was clear they had progeria; however, their doctors couldn't find what type of progeria they had, since they didn't present cardiovascular abnormalities and they didn't have the known genetic mutations of the mentioned progeroid syndromes, that's when their shared genetic mutations (BANF1) were discovered, and with that discovery came the revelation of a novel progeroid syndrome, by 2011, they were already 20–30 years old.[10][11]

## References

1. ↑ "Nestor-guillermo progeria syndrome". https://rarediseases.org/gard-rare-disease/nestor-guillermo-progeria-syndrome/.
2. ↑ "Nestor-guillermo progeria syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/11008/nestor-guillermo-progeria-syndrome.
3. ↑ Fisher, Heather G.; Patni, Nivedita; Scheuerle, Angela E. (2020). "An additional case of Néstor‐Guillermo progeria syndrome diagnosed in early childhood". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 182 (10): 2399–2402. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.61777. PMID 32783369. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.61777.
4. ↑ "Síndrome Progeroide de Néstor-Guillermo - Asociación AELIP". https://www.aelip.es/sindrome-progeroide-nestor-guillermo.asp.
5. ↑ Cabanillas, Rubén; Cadiñanos, Juan; Villameytide, José A. F.; Pérez, Mercedes; Longo, Jesús; Richard, José M.; Alvarez, Rebeca; Durán, Noelia S. et al. (November 2011). "Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome: a novel premature aging condition with early onset and chronic development caused by BANF1 mutations". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A 155A (11): 2617–2625. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.34249. ISSN 1552-4833. PMID 21932319. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21932319/.
6. ↑ Cabanillas, Rubén; Cadiñanos, Juan; Villameytide, José A.F.; Pérez, Mercedes; Longo, Jesús; Richard, José M.; Álvarez, Rebeca; Durán, Noelia S. et al. (2011). "Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome: A novel premature aging condition with early onset and chronic development caused by BANF1 mutations". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 155 (11): 2617–2625. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.34249. PMID 21932319. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajmg.a.34249.
7. ↑ Cabanillas, Rubén; Cadiñanos, Juan; Villameytide, José A.F.; Pérez, Mercedes; Longo, Jesús; Richard, José M.; Álvarez, Rebeca; Durán, Noelia S. et al. (2011). "Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome: A novel premature aging condition with early onset and chronic development caused by BANF1 mutations". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 155 (11): 2617–2625. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.34249. PMID 21932319. https://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/handle/10651/10641.
8. ↑ "OMIM Entry - # 614008 - NESTOR-GUILLERMO PROGERIA SYNDROME; NGPS". https://www.omim.org/entry/614008.
9. ↑ "Pruebas genéticas - Progeria de Nestor-Guillermo, Síndrome de …, (Nestor-Guillermo Progeria syndrome) – Gen BANF1. - IVAMI". https://www.ivami.com/es/pruebas-geneticas-mutaciones-de-genes-humanos-enfermedades-neoplasias-y-farmacogenetica/2114-pruebas-geneticas-progeria-de-nestor-guillermo-sindrome-de-nestor-guillermo-progeria-syndrome-gen-i-banf1.
10. ↑ "La enfermedad de Néstor y Guillermo" (in es). 2011-05-06. https://www.abc.es/ciencia/abcp-enfermedad-nestor-guillermo-201105060000_noticia.html.
11. ↑ "Describen un nuevo tipo de envejecimiento acelerado en dos pacientes españoles | | elmundo.es". https://www.elmundo.es/elmundosalud/2011/05/05/noticias/1304612746.html.

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