Nurse practitioner

Short description: Mid-level medical provider

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)

This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Nurse practitioner

A Navy nurse practitioner assessing a patient

Occupation

Occupation type

| Professional

Activity sectors

| Nursing
Description

Education required

| Depends on the country, but generally includes at least a post-graduate nursing degree

Fields of
employment

| Healthcare

Related jobs

| Registered nurse

A nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced practice registered nurse and a type of mid-level practitioner.[1][2] NPs are trained to assess patient needs, order and interpret diagnostic and laboratory tests, diagnose disease, prescribe medications and formulate treatment plans. NP training covers basic disease prevention, coordination of care, and health promotion.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 United States
* 1.2 Canada
* 2 Nurse practitioners in the United States
* 2.1 Education requirements
* 2.2 Training pathways
* 2.3 Quality of care
* 2.4 Job setting
* 3 Scope of practice
* 3.1 Australia
* 3.2 Canada
* 3.3 Ireland
* 3.4 United Kingdom
* 3.5 United States
* 4 Licensing and board certification
* 4.1 Australia
* 4.2 Canada
* 4.3 Israel
* 4.4 United States
* 5 Salary
* 6 Policy during the COVID-19 pandemic
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## History

### United States

The present-day concept of advanced practice nursing as a primary care provider was created in the mid-1960s, spurred on by a national shortage of physicians. The first formal graduate certificate program for NPs was created by Henry Silver, a physician, and Loretta Ford, a nurse, in 1965.[3] In 1971, the US Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Elliot Richardson, made a formal recommendation for expanding the scope of nursing practice to be able to serve as primary care providers.[4] In 2012, discussions arose between accreditation agencies, national certifying bodies, and state boards of nursing about the possibility of making the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree the new minimum standard of education for NP certification and licensure by 2015.[5]

### Canada

Advanced practice nursing first appeared in the 1990s in Ontario. These nurses practiced in neonatal intensive care units within tertiary care hospitals in collaboration with pediatricians and neonatologists. Although the role of these nurses initially resembled a blended version of clinical nurse specialists and NPs, today the distinction has been more formally established.[6]

## Nurse practitioners in the United States

### Education requirements

Becoming a nurse practitioner in the United States requires either a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP).[7] During their studies, nurse practitioners are required to receive a minimum of 500 hours of clinical training in addition to the clinical hours required to obtain their RN. Upon completion of the graduate program, they must pass the National NP Certification Board Exam, specific to their specialization. After passing this exam, candidates must apply for NP licensure, which varies by state regulations.[8][9][10]

During the Master’s degree program, the nursing students are challenged with extensive amount of clinical training hours to have the experience and understand the reality of nurse practitioner duties.[11] Certification readiness is tested throughout the clinical hours and study which lay the ground of diagnosis of patients and treatments.[11] These exams are called academic clinical partnerships (ACPs) and integrate diagnostic readiness tests (DRTs) help development of the education and skills required of the curriculum that sets them up for field responsibility.[11]

Although nurse practitioners are required to be licensed as registered nurses prior to obtaining their advanced practice registered nurse certification, there are several programs that combine a nursing undergraduate degree with nurse practitioner training. Some US nurse practitioner programs are highly selective, with admission rates as low as 6% of applicants at University of California, Irvine in 2020,[12] and others are more inclusive, with up to 100% acceptance rates in 2019 at public universities such as Northwestern State University of Louisiana and the online branch of Purdue University.[13]

### Training pathways

There are many types of nurse practitioner programs in the United States, with the vast majority being in the specialty of a family nurse practitioner (FNP).[14] There are also psychiatric, adult–geriatric acute care, adult–geriatric primary care, pediatric, women's health, and neonatal nurse practitioner programs.[15] Many of these programs have their pre-clinical or didactic courses taught online with proctored examinations. Once the students start their clinical courses, they have online material but are required to perform clinical hours at an approved facility under the guidance of an NP or physician.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022} c requirements that vary depending on the program's degree or eligibility for certification. For instance, FNPs are required to see patients across the lifespan during their training, whereas adult geriatric NPs do not see anyone below the age of 13.[16]

Nurse practitioners may pursue dual or multiple certifications by completing additional graduate-level training, such as post-master's certificates or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs. Upon satisfying the educational and clinical requirements for these secondary specialties, they become eligible for further board certification and expanded clinical practice. For instance, a family nurse practitioner (FNP) may obtain a post-master's certificate in psychiatric-mental health to qualify for dual certification as an FNP/PMHNP.[17]

### Quality of care

A 2011 review of studies comparing outcomes of care by NPs and physicians in primary care and urgent care settings found that outcomes were generally comparable, although the strength of the evidence was generally low due to limited study duration and participant numbers.[18][needs update] A 2020 study showed nurse practitioners practicing in states with independent prescription authority were more than twenty times more likely to overprescribe opioids than nurse practitioners in prescription-restricted states. The same study identified that both nurse practitioners and physician assistants were more likely to overprescribe opioids compared to physicians.[19] Nurse practitioners and physician assistants were also associated with more unnecessary imaging services than primary care physicians, which may have ramifications on care and overall costs.[20]

A 2017 systematic review suggested "that the implementation of advanced practice nursing roles in emergency and critical care settings improves patient outcomes in emergency and critical care settings".[21]

### Job setting

Nurse practitioners are currently employed in a wide variety of practice settings. These settings include the ambulatory, inpatient, or emergency departments of hospitals, health clinics, and office practices, whether private or nurse-run. In addition, they deliver care in schools and on college campuses, as well as in nursing homes and assisted living facilities. NPs can work alone or under the supervision of a physician in a wide variety of specializations.[9][22]

Transition from RN to a NP comes with hidden challenges at the job. The work is familiar since they were once a RN but the new achievement as a NP come with responsibilities and invisible balance of stressors and management of team.[23] To persevere in the first-year transition period is to have a healthy mindset and finding reliable work relationships.[23]

## Scope of practice

### Australia

In Australia, a nurse practitioner-endorsed registered nurse has an expanded scope of practice, allowing them to practice certain advanced clinical skills within their endorsed field. As a nurse practitioner, they can complete advanced health assessments, diagnose and treat diseases, order diagnostic testing such as imaging and pathology, and prescribe medications and therapeutics.[24] They are also able to register for a provider number with Medicare for the services they provide to patients, excluding services provided in public facilities (such as a Queensland Health hospital).[25]

Nurse practitioner items on the Medicare Benefits Schedule, however, provide significantly smaller rebates than equivalent items for General Practitioners, leading to a higher out-of-pocket cost to patients.[26] To claim Medicare rebates, the NP must also be in a documented "Collaborative Practice Arrangement" with a medical practitioner and the episode of care approved by a doctor.[27] Prescriptions issued by NPs must also be verified by a medical practitioner to be eligible to be subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.[26]

### Canada

In Canada, an NP is a registered nurse (RN) with a graduate degree in nursing. Canada recognizes them in primary care and acute care practices. NPs diagnose illnesses and medical conditions, prescribe Schedule 1 medications, order and interpret diagnostic tests, and perform procedures, within their scope of practice, and may build their own panel of patients at the same level as physicians.[28] Primary care NPs work in places like primary care and community healthcare centers, as well as long-term care institutions. The main focus of primary care NPs includes health promotion, preventative care, and the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases and conditions. Acute care NPs serve a specific population of patients. They generally work in in-patient facilities that include neonatology, nephrology, and cardiology units.[29] There are currently three specialties for nurse practitioners in Canada: family practice, pediatrics, and adult care. NPs who specialize in family practice work at the same level and offer the same services as family physicians, with the exception of Quebec, where only physicians are allowed to formulate a medical diagnosis.[30]

### Ireland

In Ireland's publicly funded healthcare system, the Health Service Executive has the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) grade.[31] ANPs may prescribe medications.[32]

### United Kingdom

The nurse practitioner role was recommended by the Cumberlege Report 1986, which recommended nurses be given the ability to prescribe.[33]

### United States

The scope of practice for a NP in the US is defined by law and varies depending on the jurisdiction.[34][35] Because the profession is state-regulated, the scope of practice varies by state. Some states allow NPs to have full practice authority; however, in other states, a written collaborative or supervisory agreement with a physician is legally required for practice.[36][37] Autonomous practice was introduced in the 1980s, mostly in states facing a physician shortage or that struggled to find enough healthcare providers to work in rural areas.[38] The extent of this collaborative agreement and the roles, duties, responsibilities, nursing treatments, and pharmacologic recommendations again vary widely between states.[39][40][41]

NPs are legally able to examine patients, diagnose medical conditions, prescribe most medications, and deliver treatments.[42] There is variation in the level of supervision required for NPs across different states. As of 2023[update], 27 states grant NPs full practice authority, meaning they can practice independently without physician oversight or supervision. The remaining 23 states require NPs to have a collaborative agreement with a physician to provide patient care. Within these 23 states, 11 further require NPs to have physician supervision or delegation for specific aspects of practice, though the physician might not be physically present at the treatment location.[36]

## Licensing and board certification

### Australia

In Australia, nursing registration, including endorsement of a RN as a nurse practitioner, is overseen by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) and the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA).[43] Registered nurses working in rural and isolated communities can apply for scheduled medicine prescriber endorsement if clinically necessary and trained and instead become a prescribing registered nurse rather than a nurse practitioner to better meet the needs of less-resourced communities.[44] Nurse practitioners are professionally represented by the Australian College of Nurse Practitioners, as well as the Australian College of Nursing. Endorsement as a nurse practitioner in either Australia or New Zealand is recognised by both countries as part of the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Scheme.

For a RN to apply to the NMBA for nurse practitioner endorsement, they must possess an unrestricted RN licence and be able to demonstrate they have completed at least 5000 hours (three years, full-time equivalent) at an "advanced nursing practice" level. Advanced nursing practice is loosely defined, and not a specific role, but rather a recognised process of higher-level clinical practice within a nurse's existing scope of practice. The RN must also complete an approved nurse practitioner postgraduate master's degree or demonstrate they have gained qualifications to an equivalent level in advanced health assessment, pharmacology, therapeutics, diagnostics, and research. Nurses applying through the latter pathway must also demonstrate that the equivalent training is clinically relevant to the field for which they wish to apply for nurse practitioner endorsement in.[43][45]

### Canada

### Israel

As of November 2013, NPs were recognized legally in Israel.[46]

### United States

The most common path to becoming a nurse practitioner in the United States begins by earning a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and passing the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) to become an RN. One must then be accepted into and complete a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) to gain additional nursing training in their specialty area. Finally, one must pass a national NP board certification exam.[7]

## Salary

The salary of an NP generally depends on the area of specialization, location, years of experience, and level of education. In 2022, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) conducted a NP salary survey. The results revealed the reported median base salary among full-time NPs was $113,000.[14] As of 2024[update], according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary of NPs was $126,260.[47]

## Policy during the COVID-19 pandemic

The pandemic expanded the scope of practice for nurse practitioners in some countries as a result of temporary legislative policy adjustments.[48] In the US, the Trump administration waived many requirements for nurse practitioners, permitting NPs to utilize their abilities to the fullest extent in some cases.[49]

## See also

* Advanced practice nurse
* The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
* List of nursing credentials
* Nurse anesthetist
* Nurse midwife
* The Nurse Practitioner: The American Journal of Primary Healthcare
* Nurse-managed health center
* Martha K. Schwebach

## References

1. ↑ "Mid-level health providers: a promising resource to achieve the health Millennium Development Goals". World Health Organization. 2010. https://www.who.int/workforcealliance/knowledge/resources/Final_MLP_web_2.pdf.
2. ↑ "Mid-Level Practitioners Authorization by State". US Department of Justice. 4 January 2021. https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/mlp_by_state.pdf.
3. ↑ "Ford, Loretta C." (in en-US). https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/loretta-c-ford/.
4. ↑ "Historical Perspectives on an Expanded Role for Nursing". http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No2-May-2015/Historical-Perspectives-Expanded-Role-Nursing.html.
5. ↑ "The History of Nurse Practitioners" (in en-US). http://www.graduatenursingedu.org/the-history-of-nurse-practitioners/.
6. ↑ Dicenso, Abla; Bryant-Lukosius, Denise. "Clinical Nurse Specialists and Nurse Practitioners in Canada: A Decision Support Synthesis". Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. http://bcnpa.org/_tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/Dicenso_CNS_and_NP_practice_in_Canada.pdf.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Deering, Maura (13 October 2022). "How to Become a Nurse Practitioner". https://nursejournal.org/nurse-practitioner/how-to-become-a-np/.
8. ↑ "Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners | Occupational Outlook Handbook - Credo Reference". https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/blsoccupation/nurse_anesthetists_nurse_midwives_and_nurse_practitioners/0.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Advanced Practice Nurses | Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health - Credo Reference". https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galegnaah/advanced_practice_nurses/0.
10. ↑ "Statement Regarding Nurse PractitionerStudentsandDirect Care Clinical Hours". https://www.nccwebsite.org/content/documents/cms/2020323_final_statement_np_students_and_clinical_hours.pdf.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Coppa, Denise; Barcelos Winchester, Suzy (January 2020). "Diagnostic readiness tests: Preparing nurse practitioner students for national certification examinations" (in en). Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 32 (1): 52–59. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000191. ISSN 2327-6924. https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000191.
12. ↑ Kowarski, Ilana (18 August 2020). "10 Nursing Master's Programs With Low Admit Rates". US News & World Reports. https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/the-short-list-grad-school/articles/graduate-nursing-programs-with-the-lowest-acceptance-rates.
13. ↑ Kerr, Emma (9 June 2020). "Nursing Master's Programs With 100% Admit Rates". https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/the-short-list-grad-school/articles/2016-08-16/10-graduate-nursing-programs-with-the-highest-acceptance-rates.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "NP Fact Sheet". February 2024. https://www.aanp.org/about/all-about-nps/np-fact-sheet.
15. ↑ "Types of Nurse Practitioner Specialties". https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/what-is-nursing/types-of-nurse-practitioner-specialties/.
16. ↑ "FNP vs ACNP: What are The Differences? | NurseJournal.org". 3 June 2020. https://nursejournal.org/resources/fnp-vs-acnp/.
17. ↑ "The role of the dually certified primary care/psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner in treating high-needs/high-cost patients". Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 35 (11): 751–758. November 2023. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000931. PMID 37678243.
18. ↑ McCleery, E.; Christensen, V.; Peterson, K.; Humphrey, L.; Helfand, M. (2011). "Evidence Brief: The Quality of Care Provided by Advanced Practice Nurses". VA Evidence Synthesis Program Evidence Briefs. VA Evidence Synthesis Program Reports. Department of Veterans Affairs (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK384613/.
19. ↑ Lozada, M. James; Raji, Mukaila A.; Goodwin, James S.; Kuo, Yong-Fang (2020). "Opioid Prescribing by Primary Care Providers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant, and Physician Prescribing Patterns". Journal of General Internal Medicine 35 (9): 2584–2592. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05823-0. PMID 32333312.
20. ↑ Hughes, Danny R.; Jiang, Miao; Duszak, Richard (2015). "A Comparison of Diagnostic Imaging Ordering Patterns Between Advanced Practice Clinicians and Primary Care Physicians Following Office-Based Evaluation and Management Visits". JAMA Internal Medicine 175 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6349. PMID 25419763.
21. ↑ Woo, B. F.; Lee, J. X.; Tam, W. W. (2017). "The impact of the advanced practice nursing role on quality of care, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost in the emergency and critical care settings": A systematic review". Human Resources for Health 15 (1): 63. doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0237-9. PMID 28893270.
22. ↑ "Nurse Practitioner | Encyclopedia of Women's Health - Credo Reference". https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sprwh/nurse_practitioner/0.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Cheng, Ju-Fen; Wang, Tsae-Jyy; Huang, Xuan-Yi; Han, Hui-Chun (August 2022). "First-year experience of transitioning from registered nurse to nurse practitioner" (in en). Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 34 (8): 978–990. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000750. ISSN 2327-6886. https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000750.
24. ↑ "Nurse practitioner standards for practice". 1 March 2021. https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx.
25. ↑ "Nurse Practitioners Career Guide". https://www.acnp.org.au/client_images/2193915.pdf.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Davey, Melissa (16 August 2022). "Nurses are the solution to bulk-billing crisis, says peak body". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/aug/16/nurse-practitioners-the-cure-for-spiralling-healthcare-costs-says-peak-body.
27. ↑ "Eligible Nurse Practitioners Questions and Answers". 11 October 2018. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/midwives-nurse-pract-qanda-nursepract#2_1.
28. ↑ "Scope of Practice for Nurse Practitioner - College and Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta". 2019. https://nurses.ab.ca/docs/default-source/document-library/standards/scope-of-practice-for-nurse-practitioners.pdf?sfvrsn=ab5ce4b9_14.
29. ↑ "How to Become an Advanced Practice Nurse in Canada" (in en-US). http://www.graduatenursingedu.org/canada/.
30. ↑ "Scope of Practice for Nurse Practitioner". December 2019. https://nurses.ab.ca/docs/default-source/document-library/standards/scope-of-practice-for-nurse-practitioners.pdf?sfvrsn=ab5ce4b9_14.
31. ↑ "Minister for Health publishes Final Evaluation Report which demonstrates the many benefits of Advanced Nursing Practitioners". Department of Health (Ireland). 7 May 2021. https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/ba73c-minister-for-health-publishes-final-evaluation-report-which-demonstrates-the-many-benefits-of-advanced-nursing-practitioners/.
32. ↑ "Changing role of nursing profession". Sligo Champion. September 26, 2020. https://www.independent.ie/regionals/sligochampion/news/changing-role-of-nursing-profession-39549757.html.
33. ↑ Bramwell, Donna; Checkland, Kath; Shields, Jolanta; Allen, Pauline (2023), Bramwell, Donna; Checkland, Kath; Shields, Jolanta et al., eds., "1983–1990: The Era of General Management" (in en), Community Nursing Services in England: An Historical Policy Analysis (Cham: Springer International Publishing): pp. 33–42, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17084-3_4, ISBN 978-3-031-17084-3
34. ↑ Stokowski, RN, MS, Laura A.. "APRN Prescribing Law: A State-by-State Summary". http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/440315.
35. ↑ "Scope of Practice for Nurse Practitioners". American Association of Nurse Practitioners. https://www.aanp.org/images/documents/publications/scopeofpractice.pdf.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "State Practice Environment". 2023. https://www.aanp.org/advocacy/state/state-practice-environment.
37. ↑ Hancock, Jay (2010-04-14). "Jay Hancock's blog: Md. should make nurse practitioners independent". http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/business/hancock/blog/2010/04/md_should_make_nurse_practitio.html.
38. ↑ Vestal, Christine (2013-07-19). "Nurse Practitioners Slowly Gain Autonomy" (in en-US). https://khn.org/news/stateline-nurse-practitioners-scope-of-practice/.
39. ↑ Flanagan, Lyndia (October 1998). "Nurse Practitioners: Growing Competition for Family Physicians?". Family Practice Management 5 (9): 34–43. PMID 10187057. http://www.aafp.org/link_out?pmid=10187057.
40. ↑ Brown, Deonne J. (October 2007). "Consumer perspectives on nurse practitioners and independent practice". Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 19 (10): 523–9. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00261.x. PMID 17897116.
41. ↑ Kaplan, Louise; Brown, Marie-Annette (March 2004). "Prescriptive Authority and Barriers to NP Practice". Nurse Practitioner 29 (3): 28–35. doi:10.1097/00006205-200403000-00004. INIST:15566634. PMID 15021500.
42. ↑ "What Is a Nurse Practitioner?". 26 January 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24651-nurse-practitioner.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Nurse Practitioner Career Pathway". https://www.acnp.org.au/how-to-become-a-np.
44. ↑ "Registration standard for endorsement for scheduled medicines registered nurses (rural and isolated practice)". 31 March 2010. https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD10/138&dbid=AP&chksum=0wq5Z4dBrn1c6oU16s2H2A==.
45. ↑ "Guidelines: For nurses applying for endorsement as a nurse practitioner". 13 December 2022. https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines/Guidelines-on-endorsement-as-a-nurse-practitioner.aspx.
46. ↑ "ות בריאות העם )אישור תואר מומחה בסיעוד התשע"ד-2". http://www.health.gov.il/LegislationLibrary/Briut53.pdf.
47. ↑ "Occupational Outlook Handbook: Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners". April 17, 2024. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm#tab-5.
48. ↑ Stucky, Christopher H.; Brown, William J.; Stucky, Michelle G. (2020-10-12). "COVID 19: An unprecedented opportunity for nurse practitioners to reform healthcare and advocate for permanent full practice authority". Nursing Forum 56 (1): 222–227. doi:10.1111/nuf.12515. ISSN 0029-6473. PMID 33047352.
49. ↑ "COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers". CMS. 30 March 2020. https://www.cms.gov/files/document/covid19-emergency-declaration-health-care-providers-fact-sheet.pdf.

## External links

* AANP Standards for NP practice in retail based clinics
* CNS and NP Practice in Canada, http://bcnpa.org/_tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/Dicenso_CNS_and_NP_practice_in_Canada.pdf
* "AANP - AANP President Testifies Before Congress on Importance of Investing in NP Workforce" (in en-gb). American Association of Nurse Practitioners. April 26, 2018. Archived from the original on September 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180903142642/https://www.aanp.org/press-room/press-releases/173-press-room/2018-press-releases/2199-aanp-president-testifies-before-congress-on-importance-of-investing-in-np-workforce.

* v
* t
* e

Nursing

Levels of practice|

| Generalists|

* Student nurse
* Clinical nurse leader
* Licensed practical nurse
* Registered nurse
* Graduate nurse

|

Advanced practice|

| APNs by role|

* Clinical nurse specialist
* Nurse anesthetist
* Nurse midwife
* Nurse practitioner

|

NPs by population|

* Family
* Adult-gerontology
* Pediatrics
* Women's health
* Neonatal
* Psych/mental health

Education
and licensure|

* Nightingale Pledge
* Associate of Science in Nursing
* Bachelor of Science in Nursing
* Diploma in Nursing
* Doctor of Nursing Practice
* Master of Science in Nursing
* Board of nursing
* Nurse Licensure Compact
* Nursing credentials and certifications
* Nursing school
* Nurse registry
* NCLEX
* TEAS

Specialties and
areas of practice|

* Ambulatory care
* Cardiac
* Correctional nursing
* Critical care
* Dental
* Education
* Emergency
* Faith community
* Flight
* Forensic
* Geriatrics
* Holistic
* Home health
* Hyperbaric
* Legal consultation
* Management
* Matron
* Medical-surgical
* Midwifery
* Women's Health Care Nurse
* Military
* Neonatal
* Nursing informatics
* Obstetrics
* Occupational health
* Oncology
* Orthopedics
* Pediatrics
* Perianesthesia
* Perioperative
* Psychiatric and mental health
* Private duty
* Public health
* School
* Space
* Surgical
* Telenursing
* Travel health nursing
* WOCN

Nursing process|

* Nursing assessment
* Nursing diagnosis
* Nursing care plan
* Nursing theory

Classification
systems|

* NANDA
* Nursing Interventions Classification
* Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
* Nursing Outcomes Classification

By country|

* International Nurses Day
* Australia (timeline)
* Canada
* Germany
* Hong Kong
* India
* Japan
* Kenya
* New Zealand (timeline)
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Republic of Ireland
* South Africa
* Taiwan
* United Kingdom (history)
* United States (history)

* Category
* Commons
* WikiProject

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse practitioner. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Medicine:Nurse_practitioner&oldid=4238564"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template