Outline of obstetrics

Short description: Overview of and topical guide to obstetrics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to obstetrics:

Obstetrics - medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy (prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period.

## Contents

* 1 What is obstetrics?
* 2 History of obstetrics
* 3 Medical history
* 4 Pregnancy and childbirth
* 4.1 Family planning
* 4.2 Female reproductive anatomy
* 4.3 Conception
* 4.4 Testing
* 4.5 Prenatal stage
* 4.5.1 Prenatal development
* 4.5.2 Prenatal care
* 4.5.3 Prenatal monitoring
* 4.6 Childbirth
* 4.6.1 Preparation for childbirth
* 4.6.2 Roles during childbirth
* 4.6.3 Delivery
* 4.7 Postpartum issues
* 5 Complications of pregnancy and childbirth
* 6 Obstetrics organizations
* 7 Obstetrics publications
* 8 Persons influential in obstetrics
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## What is obstetrics?

Obstetrics can be described as all of the following:

* Medicine - medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness in human beings.
* Medical specialty - branch of medical science. After completing medical school, physicians or surgeons usually further their medical education in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple year residency to become a medical specialist.
* Academic discipline - In addition to being a medical specialty, obstetrics is the study of the reproductive process within the female body, including fertilization, pregnancy and childbirth.

## History of obstetrics

* Childbirth and obstetrics in antiquity

## Medical history

* Gravidity and parity

## Pregnancy and childbirth

* Pregnancy
* Childbirth

### Family planning

* Family planning
* Birth control
* Contraception
* Pre-conception counseling

### Female reproductive anatomy

* Amniotic fluid
* Amniotic sac
* Amnion
* Cervix
* Endometrium
* Fallopian tube
* Ovaries
* Pelvis
* Pelvic bone width
* Placenta
* Uterus - Also called a womb.
* Vagina

### Conception

* Human fertilization
* Assisted reproductive technology
* Artificial insemination
* Fertility medication
* In vitro fertilisation
* Fertility awareness
* Unintended pregnancy

### Testing

* Pregnancy test
* 3D ultrasound
* Home testing
* Obstetric ultrasonography
* Prenatal testing

### Prenatal stage

#### Prenatal development

* Prenatal development
* Fundal height
* Gestational age
* Human embryogenesis
* Maternal physiological changes

#### Prenatal care

* Prenatal care - regular medical and nursing care recommended for women during pregnancy. Also known as antenatal care.
* Prenatal nutrition
* Maternal nutrition
* Nutrition and pregnancy
* Concomitant conditions
* Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy
* Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy

#### Prenatal monitoring

* Amniocentesis
* Chorionic villus sampling
* Cardiotocography
* Nonstress test

### Childbirth

* Childbirth

#### Preparation for childbirth

* Adaptation to extrauterine life
* Bradley method of natural childbirth
* Hypnobirthing
* Lamaze technique
* Nesting instinct

#### Roles during childbirth

* Doula
* Midwife
* Mother - a woman who has raised a child, given birth to a child, and/or supplied the ovum that united with a sperm which grew into a child. During childbirth, she is the patient.
* Perinatal nursing
* Men's role in childbirth
* Obstetrician

#### Delivery

* Pelvimetry
* Bishop score
* Cervical dilation
* Cervical effacement
* Position
* Home birth
* Multiple birth
* Natural childbirth
* Unassisted childbirth
* Water birth
* Aspects and conditions
* Bloody show
* Childbirth positions
* Contraction
* Presentation
* Breech birth
* Cephalic presentation
* Shoulder presentation
* Rupture of membranes

### Postpartum issues

* Postpartum
* Child care
* Breastfeeding
* Congenital disorders
* Sex after pregnancy

## Complications of pregnancy and childbirth

* Complications of pregnancy  ( list)
* abortion
* abruption
* breech birth
* cephalo-pelvic disproportion
* caesarean section, cesarean section, C-section
* dermatoses of pregnancy specific skin conditions during pregnancy
* diabetes
* eclampsia
* ectopic pregnancy
* gestational diabetes
* Group B Streptococcus infection
* HELLP syndrome
* hypertension
* hysterectomy
* Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
* macrosomia (big baby)
* malpractice
* miscarriage or stillbirth
* obstetric fistula
* obstetric hemorrhage
* Pelvic girdle pain
* placenta praevia
* pre-eclampsia
* premature birth, preterm labor or prematurity
* small for gestational age (SGA)
* uterine rupture
* uterine incarceration

## Obstetrics organizations

* American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists
* American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
* British Pregnancy Advisory Service
* British Society of Urogynaecologists
* European Society of Gynaecological Oncology
* FOGSI
* Gynecologic Oncology Group
* Ipas
* Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan
* Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
* World Endometriosis Research Foundation

## Obstetrics publications

* Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
* African Journal of Reproductive Health
* American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
* Climacteric (journal)
* The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
* Gynecological Endocrinology
* Human Fertility (Cambridge)
* Human Reproduction (journal)
* Hypertension in Pregnancy
* International Journal of Fertility
* Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
* Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
* Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
* Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology
* Menopause (journal)
* Obstetrics & Gynecology (journal)
* Placenta (journal)
* Reproduction (journal)
* Reproductive Sciences
* Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine
* Women & Health

## Persons influential in obstetrics

* Edward Kowalski

## See also

* Gynecology
* embryo
* embryology
* gestation
* hormone
* identical twin
* In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
* labor, labour - see childbirth
* lactation
* live birth
* menstrual cycle
* natural childbirth
* navel
* ovum or egg
* oxytocin or pitocin
* pediatrics
* sterilization
* twin
* umbilical cord
* umbilicus - see navel

## References

## External links

* Ingenious \- Archive of historical images related to obstetrics, gynaecology, and contraception.
* World Congress on Controversies in Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility (COGI)
* American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
* OBGYNHealth.net
* Seven Hills Women's Health Centers \- Leaders in Women's Health with a helpful women's health library

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