Pastille

Short description: Type of candy meant for light chewing

For the racehorse, see Pastille (horse).

Pastille

Sakuma drops

Alternative names| Troche, medicated lozenge
Type| Confectionery
Main ingredients| Thick liquid

* Cookbook: Pastille

A pastille or pastile[1] is a type of sweet or medicinal pill made of a thick liquid that has been solidified and is meant to be consumed by light chewing and by allowing it to dissolve in the mouth. The term "pastille" may also define certain forms of incense.[2] [3]

One kind of pastille is a  troche, a medicated lozenge that dissolves like a sweet.

## Origins

The word pastille comes from the same origin as pastry, from the Latin word pastillus, for a lump of meal or grain, which was from panis, "bread".[4]

A pastille was originally a pill-shaped lump of compressed herbs, which was burnt to release its medicinal properties. Literary references to the burning of medicinal pastilles include the short story "The Birth-Mark" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the poem "The Laboratory" by Robert Browning, and the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë. They are also mentioned in the novel McTeague by Frank Norris, when the title character's wife burns them to mask an unpleasant odor in the couple's rooms. In Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon, "a half-filled package of violet pastilles" is among the items found in Joel Cairo's pockets. In Alexandre Dumas's The Count of Monte Cristo, pastilles are used for the delivery of both medicine and poison. They were also widely used during the eighteenth century in Western cultures to take herbal curatives and medicines, which eventually were developed into sweets.

## Production

Pastilles are made by pouring a thick liquid into a powdered, sugared, or waxed mold and then allowing the liquid to set and dry. The substances contained in the dried liquid are slowly released when chewed and allowed to dissolve in the mouth. The substances are then absorbed by the mucous membranes of the oral cavity or in the lower gastro-intestinal tracts. Various substances, be they of medicinal nature or for flavour, can be put into pastille forms.

Due to the oily nature of these active substances (essential oils, tinctures and extracts), pastilles are usually based on mixtures of starch and gum arabic, which emulsifies the substance and binds them in a hydrocolloidal matrix. The starch and gum also reduces the rate in which the pastille dissolves and moderates the amount of active substances delivered at a time. Gum arabic also hardens the pastilles and makes them more sturdy in storage and transport.[5]

## Types

Well known pastille type candies include:

* Fisherman's Friend medicinal sweets
* Läkerol
* Violets
* Mason Dots
* Mentos
* Mint (candy)
* Pine Bros. throat drops
* Vocalzone Throat Pastilles, natural throat pastilles for voice overuse
* Jujube
* Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles, small round sweets
* Vichy Pastilles, octagonal candy pastilles
* Wine gum
* Grether's Pastilles
* Pastiglie Leone, Herbal digestives and candy pastilles

## See also

* Gum drops
* Throat lozenge

## References

1. ↑ pastile (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=pastile (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. ↑ "Landrynki w laboratorium" (in pl-PL). http://www.focus.pl/artykul/landrynki-w-laboratorium.
3. ↑ pastille (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=pastille (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
4. ↑ "Pastille". https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pastille.
5. ↑ "Jak zrobić landrynki?" (in pl). 28 August 2016. http://gotujmy.pl/jak-zrobic-landrynki,artykuly-porady-artykul,19103.html.

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Routes of administration, dosage forms

Oral|

| Digestive
tract (enteral)|

| Solids|

* Pill
* Tablet
* Capsule
* Pastille
* Time release technology
* Osmotic delivery system (OROS)

|
|

Liquids|

* Decoction
* Elixir
* Electuary
* Emulsion
* Extended-release syrup
* Effervescent powder or tablet
* Herbal tea
* Hydrogel
* Molecular encapsulation
* Powder
* Softgel
* Solution
* Suspension
* Syrup
* Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water
* Tincture

Buccal (sublabial),
sublingual|

| Solids|

* Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)
* Film
* Lollipop
* Sublingual drops
* Lozenges
* Effervescent buccal tablet
* Chewing gum

|

Liquids|

* Mouthwash
* Toothpaste
* Ointment
* Oral spray

Respiratory
tract|

| Solids|

* Smoking device
* Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)

|
|

Liquids|

* Anaesthetic vaporizer
* Vaporizer
* Nebulizer
* Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Gas|

* Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula
* Oxygen concentrator
* Anaesthetic machine
* Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic,
otologic, nasal]]|

* Nasal spray
* Ear drops
* Eye drops
* Ointment
* Hydrogel
* Nanosphere suspension
* Insufflation
* Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)

Urogenital|

* Ointment
* Pessary (vaginal suppository)
* Vaginal ring
* Vaginal douche
* Intrauterine device (IUD)
* Extra-amniotic infusion
* Intravesical infusion

Rectal (enteral)|

* Ointment
* Suppository
* Enema
* Solution
* Hydrogel
* Murphy drip
* Nutrient enema

Dermal|

* Ointment
* Topical cream
* Topical gel
* Liniment
* Paste
* Film
* DMSO drug solution
* Electrophoretic dermal delivery system
* Hydrogel
* Liposomes
* Transfersome vesicles
* Cream
* Lotion
* Lip balm
* Medicated shampoo
* Dermal patch
* Transdermal patch
* Contact (rubbed into break in the skin)
* Transdermal spray
* Jet injector

Injection,
infusion<br />(into tissue/blood)

| Skin|

* Intradermal
* Subcutaneous
* Transdermal implant

|
|

Organs|

* Intracavernous
* Intravitreal
* Intra-articular injection
* Transscleral

Central nervous system|

* Intracerebral
* Intrathecal
* Epidural

Circulatory,
musculoskeletal|

* Intravenous
* Intracardiac
* Intramuscular
* Intraosseous
* Intraperitoneal
* Nanocell injection
* Patient-controlled analgesia pump
* PIC line

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