Raccoon eyes

Short description: Bruising of the eye orbits, indicating skull fracture or internal bleeding

Raccoon eyes

Other names| Panda eyes, periorbital ecchymosis
File:Racoon eyes injury with csf leak csv hariadhi.svg
Bilateral raccoon eyes with CSF leak
Specialty| Neurosurgery
Causes| Le Fort 2 and 3 fracture
Bilateral raccoon eyes

Raccoon eyes, also known as panda eyes or periorbital ecchymosis, is a sign of basal skull fracture or subgaleal hematoma, a craniotomy that ruptured the meninges, or (rarely) certain cancers.[1][2] Bilateral hemorrhage occurs when damage at the time of a facial fracture tears the meninges and causes the venous sinuses to bleed into the arachnoid villi and the cranial sinuses. In lay terms, blood from skull fracture seeps into the soft tissue around the eyes. Raccoon eyes may be accompanied by Battle's sign, an ecchymosis behind the ear. These signs may be the only sign of a skull fracture, as it may not show on an X-ray. They normally appear between 48 and 72 hours (2-3 days) after the injury.[3] It is recommended that the patient not blow their nose, cough vigorously, or strain, to prevent further tearing of the meninges.[4]

Raccoon eyes may be bilateral or unilateral.[5] If unilateral, it is highly suggestive of basilar skull fracture, with a positive predictive value of 85%. They are most often associated with fractures of the anterior cranial fossa.[6][7]

Raccoon eyes may also be a sign of disseminated neuroblastoma, amyloidosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma or multiple myeloma.[8] It also can be temporary result of rhinoplasty.[9]

Depending on cause, raccoon eyes always require urgent consultation and management, whether surgical (facial fracture or post-craniotomy) or medical (neuroblastoma or amyloidosis).

## See also

* Battle's sign
* Periorbital dark circles
* Periorbital puffiness

## References

1. ↑ Herbella, FA; Mudo M; Delmonti C; Braga FM; Del Grande JC (December 2001). "'Raccoon eyes' (periorbital haematoma) as a sign of skull base fracture". Injury 32 (10): 745–47. doi:10.1016/S0020-1383(01)00144-9. PMID 11754879.
2. ↑ EMT Prehospital Care (4th Edition)
3. ↑ Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition)
4. ↑ Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms
5. ↑ "Skull fractures. Step-by-step diagnostic approach". Best Practice, BMJ.
6. ↑ "BMJ Best Practice". https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/398/history-exam.
7. ↑ Visual Diagnosis in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Christopher P. Holstege, Alexander B. Baer, Jesse M. Pines, William J. Brady, p. 228
8. ↑ Gumus K (2007). "A child with raccoon eyes masquerading as trauma". Int Ophthalmol 27 (6): 379–81. doi:10.1007/s10792-007-9089-y. PMID 17534581.
9. ↑ Steinbacher, Derek M. (2019-05-21) (in en). Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-18697-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=g8-HDwAAQBAJ&dq=Raccoon+eyes+rhinoplasty&pg=PA605.

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General wounds and injuries ([[ICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes#(T08–T14) unspecified parts of trunk, limb or body regT08-T35, List of ICD-9 codes 800–999: injury and poisoning|870-949]])

Abrasions|

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Bruises|

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* Battle's sign
* Raccoon eyes
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de:Blaues Auge#Brillen- und Monokelhämatom

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