Rickettsiosis

Specialty| Infectious disease

A rickettsiosis is a disease caused by intracellular bacteria.

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Cause
* 3 Diagnosis
* 4 Treatment
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Signs and symptoms

## Cause

Rickettsioses can be divided into a spotted fever group (SPG) and typhus group (TG).[1]

In the past, rickettsioses were considered to be caused by species of Rickettsia.[2] However, scrub typhus is still considered a rickettsiosis, even though the causative organism has been reclassified from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to Orientia tsutsugamushi.[citation needed] Examples of rickettsioses include typhus, both endemic and epidemic, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Rickettsialpox.[citation needed] Organisms involved include Rickettsia parkeri.[3]

Many new causative organisms have been identified in the last few decades.[4] Most are in the genus Rickettsia, but scrub typhus is in the genus Orientia.[5]

## Diagnosis

No rapid laboratory tests are available to diagnose rickettsial diseases early in the course of illness, and serologic assays usually take 10–12 days to become positive. Research is indicating that swabs of eschars may be used for molecular detection of rickettsial infections.[6][7]

## Treatment

Doxycycline has been used in the treatment of rickettsial infection.[8]

## References

1. ↑ "Spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea". Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (2): 237–44. February 2005. doi:10.3201/eid1102.040603. PMID 15752441.
2. ↑ "Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10 (4): 694–719. October 1997. doi:10.1128/CMR.10.4.694. PMID 9336669.
3. ↑ "Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from Rocky Mountain spotted fever". Clin. Infect. Dis. 47 (9): 1188–96. November 2008. doi:10.1086/592254. PMID 18808353.
4. ↑ "Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (4): 719–56. October 2005. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005. PMID 16223955.
5. ↑ "Three Rickettsioses, Darnley Island, Australia". Emerging Infect. Dis. 13 (7): 1105–7. July 2007. doi:10.3201/eid1307.050088. PMID 18214193.
6. ↑ Angelakis, Emmanouil; Richet, Hervé; Rolain, Jean-Marc; La Scola, Bernard; Raoult, Didier (2012). "Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and culture for the diagnosis of emerging Rickettsioses". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 6 (3): e1540. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001540. ISSN 1935-2735. PMID 22413026.
7. ↑ Giulieri, Stefano; Jaton, Katia; Cometta, Alain; Trellu, Laurence T.; Greub, Gilbert (February 2012). "Development of a duplex real-time PCR for the detection of Rickettsia spp. and typhus group rickettsia in clinical samples". FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 64 (1): 92–97. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00910.x. ISSN 1574-695X. PMID 22098502. https://zenodo.org/record/161899.
8. ↑ "Rickettsial Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". https://reference.medscape.com/article/968385-overview.

## External links

Classification|

* ICD-10: A75-A79
* ICD-9-CM: 080-083
* MeSH: D012288

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External resources|

* eMedicine: ped/2015

* v
* t
* e

* Infectious diseases
* Bacterial disease: ProteobacterialG−]]
* primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109

| Rickettsiales|

| Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)|

| Typhus|

* Rickettsia typhi
* Murine typhus
* Rickettsia prowazekii
* Epidemic typhus, Brill–Zinsser disease, Flying squirrel typhus

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Spotted
fever|

| Tick-borne|

* Rickettsia rickettsii
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* Rickettsia conorii
* Boutonneuse fever
* Rickettsia japonica
* Japanese spotted fever
* Rickettsia sibirica
* North Asian tick typhus
* Rickettsia australis
* Queensland tick typhus
* Rickettsia honei
* Flinders Island spotted fever
* Rickettsia africae
* African tick bite fever
* Rickettsia parkeri
* American tick bite fever
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection

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Mite-borne|

* Rickettsia akari
* Rickettsialpox
* Orientia tsutsugamushi
* Scrub typhus

Flea-borne|

* Rickettsia felis
* Flea-borne spotted fever

Anaplasmataceae|

* Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum
* Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis
* Ehrlichia chaffeensis
* Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
* Ehrlichia ewingii
* Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection

Rhizobiales|

| Brucellaceae|

* Brucella abortus
* Brucellosis

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Bartonellaceae|

* Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae
* Cat-scratch disease
* Bartonella quintana
* Trench fever
* Either B. henselae or B. quintana
* Bacillary angiomatosis
* Bartonella bacilliformis
* Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana

| Neisseriales|

| M+|

* Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
* Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome]], Meningococcal septicaemia

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M−|

* Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
* Gonorrhea

ungrouped:|

* Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae
* HACEK
* Chromobacterium violaceum
* Chromobacteriosis infection

Burkholderiales|

* Burkholderia pseudomallei
* Melioidosis
* Burkholderia mallei
* Glanders
* Burkholderia cepacia complex
* Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis
* Pertussis

| Enterobacteriales
(OX−)|

| Lac+|

* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Rhinoscleroma, Pneumonia
* Klebsiella granulomatis
* Granuloma inguinale
* Klebsiella oxytoca

* Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic
* Enteroinvasive
* Enterohemorrhagic
* O157:H7
* O104:H4
* Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

* Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae

|

Slow/weak|

* Serratia marcescens
* Serratia infection
* Citrobacter koseri/Citrobacter freundii

Lac−|

| H2S+|

* Salmonella enterica
* Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis

|

H2S−|

* Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri]]/boydii
* Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery
* Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris
* Yersinia pestis
* Plague/Bubonic plague
* Yersinia enterocolitica
* Yersiniosis
* Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
* Far East scarlet-like fever

Pasteurellales|

| Haemophilus:|

* H. influenzae
* Haemophilus meningitis
* Brazilian purpuric fever
* H. ducreyi
* Chancroid
* H. parainfluenzae
* HACEK

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Pasteurella multocida|

* Pasteurellosis
* Actinobacillus
* Actinobacillosis

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans|

* HACEK

Legionellales|

* Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae
* Legionnaires' disease
* Coxiella burnetii
* Q fever

Thiotrichales|

* Francisella tularensis
* Tularemia

Vibrionaceae|

* Vibrio cholerae
* Cholera
* Vibrio vulnificus
* Vibrio parahaemolyticus
* Vibrio alginolyticus
* Plesiomonas shigelloides

Pseudomonadales|

* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Pseudomonas infection
* Moraxella catarrhalis
* Acinetobacter baumannii

Xanthomonadaceae|

* Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Cardiobacteriaceae|

* Cardiobacterium hominis
* HACEK

Aeromonadales|

* Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii
* Aeromonas infection

| Campylobacterales|

* Campylobacter jejuni
* Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
* Helicobacter pylori
* Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma, Gastric cancer
* Helicobacter cinaedi
* Helicobacter cellulitis

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