Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group

The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) is a group of scientific researchers who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer.[1][2] The group was founded in 1981 and the first study, SPCG-1, began in 1984.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Clinical trials
* 2 Other work
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Clinical trials

The studies conducted by the SPCG include the following:[1][2][3]

* SPCG-1 – estramustine phosphate versus diethylstilbestrol for high-risk advanced prostate cancer[1][4][5]
* SPCG-2 – orchiectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus placebo for metastatic prostate cancer[6][7]
* SPCG-3 – cancelled[1]
* SPCG-4 – radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting for localized prostate cancer[1][8][9][10][11]
* SPCG-5 – polyestradiol phosphate versus triptorelin or orchiectomy plus flutamide for advanced prostate cancer[1][12][13][14][15][16][17]
* SPCG-6 – bicalutamide monotherapy versus standard care (watchful waiting) for localized prostate cancer[1][18][19][20][21][22]
* SPCG-7 – endocrine therapy with versus without radiotherapy for locally advanced or aggressive localized prostate cancer[23][24][25]
* SPCG-8 – cancelled[1]
* SPCG-9 – cancelled[1]
* SPCG-10 – cancelled[1][26]
* SPCG-11 (Zometa European Study [ZEUS]) – zoledronic acid with standard prostate cancer therapy versus standard prostate cancer therapy alone for prevention of bone metastases in high-risk localized prostate cancer[3][27][28][29]
* SPCG-12 – docetaxel versus surveillance after radical prostatectomy without androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk localized prostate cancer[3][30][31]
* SPCG-13 – docetaxel versus surveillance after radical prostatectomy with androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk localized prostate cancer[3][32]
* SPCG-14 – docetaxel versus bicalutamide for prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer[3][33]
* SPCG-15 – radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer[3][34]

The SPCG-6 study was also known as Trial 25 of the Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) clinical trial programme.[35][18][19][20][21]

## Other work

The SPCG also published a 1997 literature review on combined androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer.[36]

## See also

* FinnProstate Group

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "The Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group. A short review of its history and work". Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 33 (203): 53–6. 1999. doi:10.1080/003655999750016285-2. PMID 10636572.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Clinical research done by the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group during the first 20 years". Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 37 (212): 7–10. 2003. doi:10.1080/03008880310006878. PMID 12841320.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Achievements and perspectives in prostate cancer phase 3 trials from genitourinary research groups in Europe: introducing the Prostate Cancer Consortium in Europe". Eur Urol 67 (5): 904–12. May 2015. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.08.076. PMID 25218582.
4. ↑ "Treatment of high-grade, high-stage prostate cancer with estramustine phosphate or diethylstilbestrol. A double-blind study. The SPCG-1 Study Group. Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group". Scand J Urol Nephrol 31 (2): 167–72. April 1997. doi:10.3109/00365599709070324. PMID 9165581.
5. ↑ "DNA as a prognostic marker in advanced high-grade prostatic cancer. A preliminary report. SPCG-I study". Acta Oncol 30 (2): 215–7. 1991. doi:10.3109/02841869109092354. PMID 2029409.
6. ↑ "Total androgen suppression: experience from the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study No. 2". Eur Urol 24 (4): 466–70. 1993. doi:10.1159/000474351. PMID 8287887.
7. ↑ "Extent of disease based on initial bone scan: important prognostic predictor for patients with metastatic prostatic cancer. Experience from the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study No. 2 (SPCG-2)". Eur Urol 28 (1): 40–6. 1995. doi:10.1159/000475018. PMID 8521893.
8. ↑ "Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial". J Natl Cancer Inst 100 (16): 1144–54. August 2008. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn255. PMID 18695132.
9. ↑ "Results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Trial Number 4: a randomized controlled trial of radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting". J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2012 (45): 230–3. December 2012. doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgs025. PMID 23271778.
10. ↑ "Health-related quality-of-life effects of watchful waiting re-evaluated in SPCG-4". Nat Clin Pract Urol 6 (3): 124–5. March 2009. doi:10.1038/ncpuro1314. PMID 19190593.
11. ↑ "Words of wisdom. Re: Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 randomized trial". Eur Urol 55 (4): 989–90. April 2009. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2009.01.009. PMID 19650212.
12. ↑ "Parenteral estrogen versus total androgen ablation in the treatment of advanced prostate carcinoma: effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study". Urology 55 (3): 328–33. March 2000. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00580-4. PMID 10699602.
13. ↑ "Prospective evaluation of hot flashes during treatment with parenteral estrogen or complete androgen ablation for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate". J Urol 166 (2): 517–20. August 2001. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65973-3. PMID 11458057.
14. ↑ "Management of localized prostate cancer: the pendulum swings (back to the middle)". Asian J Androl 16 (4): 570–1. 2014. doi:10.4103/1008-682X.131072. PMID 24875822.
15. ↑ "Parenteral estrogen versus combined androgen deprivation in the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer -- Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5". Scand J Urol Nephrol 36 (6): 405–13. 2002. doi:10.1080/003655902762467549. PMID 12623503.
16. ↑ "Parenteral estrogen versus combined androgen deprivation in the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer: part 2. Final evaluation of the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5". Scand J Urol Nephrol 42 (3): 220–9. 2008. doi:10.1080/00365590801943274. PMID 18432528.
17. ↑ "Words of wisdom. Re: Parenteral estrogen versus combined androgen deprivation in the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer: part 2. Final evaluation of the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5". Eur Urol 55 (2): 525. February 2009. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2008.11.018. PMID 19606537.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "A randomised comparison of bicalutamide ('Casodex') 150 mg versus placebo as immediate therapy either alone or as adjuvant to standard care for early non-metastatic prostate cancer. First report from the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study No. 6". Eur Urol 42 (3): 204–11. September 2002. doi:10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00311-1. PMID 12234503.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Bicalutamide (150 mg) versus placebo as immediate therapy alone or as adjuvant to therapy with curative intent for early nonmetastatic prostate cancer: 5.3-year median followup from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 6". J Urol 172 (5 Pt 1): 1871–6. November 2004. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000139719.99825.54. PMID 15540741.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care for patients with early non-metastatic prostate cancer: updated results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Period Group-6 Study after a median follow-up period of 7.1 years". Scand J Urol Nephrol 40 (6): 441–52. 2006. doi:10.1080/00365590601017329. PMID 17130095.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Survival benefit of early androgen receptor inhibitor therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term follow-up of the SPCG-6 study". Eur J Cancer 51 (10): 1283–92. July 2015. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.03.021. PMID 25892647.
22. ↑ "Association between PSA kinetics and cancer-specific mortality in patients with localised prostate cancer: analysis of the placebo arm of the SPCG-6 study". Ann Oncol 27 (3): 460–6. March 2016. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv607. PMID 26681677.
23. ↑ "Quality of life in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer given endocrine treatment with or without radiotherapy: 4-year follow-up of SPCG-7/SFUO-3, an open-label, randomised, phase III trial". Lancet Oncol 10 (4): 370–80. April 2009. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70027-0. PMID 19286422.
24. ↑ "Endocrine treatment, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/SFUO-3): an open randomised phase III trial". Lancet 373 (9660): 301–8. January 2009. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61815-2. PMID 19091394.
25. ↑ "Ten- and 15-yr Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality in Patients with Nonmetastatic Locally Advanced or Aggressive Intermediate Prostate Cancer, Randomized to Lifelong Endocrine Treatment Alone or Combined with Radiotherapy: Final Results of The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7". Eur Urol 70 (4): 684–691. October 2016. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.03.021. PMID 27025586.
26. ↑ "Comparing Radiotherapy to Prostatectomy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review of Mortality and Quality-of-Life Outcomes". Cancer J 26 (1): 29–37. 2020. doi:10.1097/PPO.0000000000000420. PMID 31977382. "Multiple efforts have been attempted to adequately power randomized trials to compare mortality outcomes between RP and RT, although the vast majority have failed to accrue,3–6 including proposed collaborations in ACOSOG SPIRIT, SPCG-10, MRC PR06, and SWOG8890.".
27. ↑ "Prevention of bone metastases in patients with high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid: efficacy and safety results of the Zometa European Study (ZEUS)". Eur Urol 67 (3): 482–91. March 2015. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.02.014. PMID 24630685.
28. ↑ "Automated Bone Scan Index as an Imaging Biomarker to Predict Overall Survival in the Zometa European Study/SPCG11". Eur Urol Oncol 4 (1): 49–55. February 2021. doi:10.1016/j.euo.2019.05.002. PMID 31186177.
29. ↑ Reza, Mariana; Wirth, Manfred; Tammela, Teuvo L. J.; Cicalese, Virgilio; Veiga, Francisco Gomez; Miller, Kurt; Tubaro, Andrea; Debruyne, Frans et al. (20 May 2016). "Bone Scan Index as an imaging biomarker to predict overall survival in the Zeus/SPCG11 study.". Journal of Clinical Oncology 34 (15 suppl): e16599. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.e16599. ISSN 0732-183X.
30. ↑ "Docetaxel Versus Surveillance After Radical Prostatectomy for High-risk Prostate Cancer: Results from the Prospective Randomised, Open-label Phase 3 Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group 12 Trial". Eur Urol 73 (6): 870–876. June 2018. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2018.01.012. PMID 29395502.
31. ↑ "Re: Docetaxel Versus Surveillance After Radical Prostatectomy for High-risk Prostate Cancer: Results from the Prospective Randomised, Open-label Phase 3 Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group 12 Trial". Eur Urol 74 (5): 680–681. November 2018. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2018.07.022. PMID 30072209.
32. ↑ "Health-related Quality of Life in Intermediate- or High-risk Patients Treated With Radical External Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Docetaxel for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Phase III SPCG-13 Study". Anticancer Res 42 (1): 87–92. January 2022. doi:10.21873/anticanres.15460. PMID 34969712.
33. ↑ "Taxane Chemotherapy for Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer with Its Expanding Role as Breakthrough Strategy". Front Oncol 5: 304. 2015. doi:10.3389/fonc.2015.00304. PMID 26793621.
34. ↑ "SPCG-15: a prospective randomized study comparing primary radical prostatectomy and primary radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer". Scand J Urol 52 (5–6): 313–320. 2018. doi:10.1080/21681805.2018.1520295. PMID 30585526.
35. ↑ "The bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer Program. Demography". Urol Oncol 6 (2): 43–47. March 2001. doi:10.1016/s1078-1439(00)00118-6. PMID 11166619.
36. ↑ "Combined androgen blockade in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer--an overview. The Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group". Scand J Urol Nephrol 31 (3): 249–54. June 1997. doi:10.3109/00365599709070342. PMID 9249887.

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