T-cell vaccine

A T-cell vaccine is a vaccine designed to induce protective T-cells.[1]

T-cell vaccines are designed to induce cellular immunity. They are also referred to as cell-mediated immune (CMI) vaccines.[2]

It is thought that they can be more effective than conventional B-cell vaccines for protection from microbes that hide inside host cells, and viruses (such as HIV or influenza) that mutate rapidly.[citation needed]

T-cell vaccines underwent clinical trials for HIV/AIDS.[3]

As of July 2012[update] none have been approved.[4]

As December 2020, The Pfizer-BioNTech Covid jab passed the FDA's emergency use authorization [5] and became the first FDA authorized T cell vaccine.[6][7]

## References

1. ↑ Robinson, Harriet L.; Amara, Rama Rao (2005). "T cell vaccines for microbial infections". Nature Medicine 11 (4s): S25–S32. doi:10.1038/nm1212. PMID 15812486.
2. ↑ Buchbinder, SP; Mehrotra, DV; Duerr, A; Fitzgerald, DW; Mogg, R; Li, D; Gilbert, PB; Lama, JR et al. (2008). "Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial". Lancet 372 (9653): 1881–93. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61591-3. PMID 19012954.
3. ↑ Korber, Bette T.; Letvin, Norman L.; Haynes, Barton F. (2009). "T-Cell Vaccine Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the Virus with a Thousand Faces". Journal of Virology 83 (17): 8300–8314. doi:10.1128/JVI.00114-09. PMID 19439471. PMC 2738160. http://jvi.asm.org/content/83/17/8300.full.
4. ↑ "T-cell Vaccines Could Treat Elusive Diseases". http://www.technologyreview.com/news/428359/t-cell-vaccines-could-treat-elusive-diseases/.
5. ↑ Commissioner, Office of the (2020-12-14). "FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine" (in en). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19.
6. ↑ Sahin, Ugur; Muik, Alexander; Derhovanessian, Evelyna; Vogler, Isabel; Kranz, Lena M.; Vormehr, Mathias; Baum, Alina; Pascal, Kristen et al. (October 2020). "COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T H 1 T cell responses" (in en). Nature 586 (7830): 594–599. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32998157. Bibcode: 2020Natur.586..594S.
7. ↑ Woldemeskel, Bezawit A.; Garliss, Caroline C.; Blankson, Joel N. (2021-05-17). "SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce broad CD4+ T cell responses that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants and HCoV-NL63" (in en). The Journal of Clinical Investigation 131 (10). doi:10.1172/JCI149335. ISSN 0021-9738. PMID 33822770.

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