Throat lozenge

Short description: Medicated tablet to be dissolved in the mouth

Modern cough drops A pocket tin containing small salmiak liquorice pastilles in the traditional diamond shape lozenge. In Europe, salmiak liquorice pastilles are considered a "traditionally-applied medicine to assist expectoration in the airways". Valda mint eucalyptus gumdrops

A throat lozenge (also known as a cough drop, sore throat sweet, troche, cachou, pastille or cough sweet) is a small, typically medicated tablet intended to be dissolved slowly in the mouth to temporarily stop coughs, lubricate, and soothe irritated tissues of the throat (usually due to a sore throat or strep throat), possibly from the common cold or influenza. Cough tablets have taken the name lozenge, based on their original shape, a diamond.

## Contents

* 1 Ingredients
* 2 History
* 3 Brands
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Ingredients

Some throat lozenges contain active ingredients such as benzocaine (anaesthetic), or amylmetacresol (mild antiseptic) or 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol (mild antiseptic) or 4-Hexylresorcinol (anaesthetic, antiseptic) or dextromethorphan (cough suppressant).

Lozenges may contain eucalyptus oil. Some varieties such as Halls contain menthol, peppermint oil and/or spearmint as their active ingredient(s). Honey lozenges are also available. Non-menthol throat lozenges generally use either zinc gluconate glycine or pectin as an oral demulcent.

The purpose of the throat lozenge is to calm the irritation that may be felt in the throat while swallowing, breathing, or even drinking certain fluids. However, one study found that excessive use of menthol cough drops can prolong coughs rather than relieve them.[1]

## History

Early 20th century "Frog In Your Throat" box, containing lozenges made of cubeb, tolu balsam, liquorice, white horehound and wild cherry extracts

Sweets to soothe the throat date back to 1000 BC in Egypt's Twentieth Dynasty, when they were made from honey flavored with citrus, herbs, and spices.[citation needed] In the 19th century, physicians discovered morphine and heroin, which suppress the cough reflex. Popular formulations of that era included Smith Brothers Cough Drops, first advertised in 1852, and Luden's, created in 1879. Concern over the risk of opioid dependence led to the development of alternative medications.[2]

## Brands

* Anta
* Cēpacol
* Chloraseptic
* Fisherman's Friend
* Halls
* Jakemans
* Jinsangzi
* Läkerol
* Lockets
* Luden's
* Mynthon
* Negro
* Nin Jiom
* Pine Bros.
* Ricola
* Robitussin
* Smith Brothers
* Strepsils
* Sucrets
* Ülker
* Takabb Anti-Cough Pill
* Throzz
* Troketts
* Tunes
* Tyrozets (now discontinued)
* Vicks
* Strep-Drops
* Victory V
* Vigroids
* Zubes (now discontinued)

## See also

* Pastille
* Mint (candy)

## References

1. ↑ Johnson, Danika; Robert Mead; Korey Kennelty; David Hahn (March 2018). "Menthol Cough Drops: Cause for Concern?". Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 31 (2): 183–191. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.02.170363. PMID 29535234. https://www.jabfm.org/content/31/2/183.full. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
2. ↑ Panati, Charles (1989). Panati's Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 258-260. ISBN 978-0060964191. https://archive.org/details/panatisextraordi0000pana_u5v0/page/258.

## External links

* Ingredients of a throat lozenge, Health Canada

* v
* t
* e

Routes of administration, dosage forms

Oral|

| Digestive
tract (enteral)|

| Solids|

* Pill
* Tablet
* Capsule
* Pastille
* Time release technology
* Osmotic delivery system (OROS)

|
|

Liquids|

* Decoction
* Elixir
* Electuary
* Emulsion
* Extended-release syrup
* Effervescent powder or tablet
* Herbal tea
* Hydrogel
* Molecular encapsulation
* Powder
* Softgel
* Solution
* Suspension
* Syrup
* Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water
* Tincture

Buccal (sublabial),
sublingual|

| Solids|

* Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)
* Film
* Lollipop
* Sublingual drops
* Lozenges
* Effervescent buccal tablet
* Chewing gum

|

Liquids|

* Mouthwash
* Toothpaste
* Ointment
* Oral spray

Respiratory
tract|

| Solids|

* Smoking device
* Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)

|
|

Liquids|

* Anaesthetic vaporizer
* Vaporizer
* Nebulizer
* Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Gas|

* Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula
* Oxygen concentrator
* Anaesthetic machine
* Relative analgesia machine

Ophthalmic,
otologic, nasal]]|

* Nasal spray
* Ear drops
* Eye drops
* Ointment
* Hydrogel
* Nanosphere suspension
* Insufflation
* Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)

Urogenital|

* Ointment
* Pessary (vaginal suppository)
* Vaginal ring
* Vaginal douche
* Intrauterine device (IUD)
* Extra-amniotic infusion
* Intravesical infusion

Rectal (enteral)|

* Ointment
* Suppository
* Enema
* Solution
* Hydrogel
* Murphy drip
* Nutrient enema

Dermal|

* Ointment
* Topical cream
* Topical gel
* Liniment
* Paste
* Film
* DMSO drug solution
* Electrophoretic dermal delivery system
* Hydrogel
* Liposomes
* Transfersome vesicles
* Cream
* Lotion
* Lip balm
* Medicated shampoo
* Dermal patch
* Transdermal patch
* Contact (rubbed into break in the skin)
* Transdermal spray
* Jet injector

Injection,
infusion<br />(into tissue/blood)

| Skin|

* Intradermal
* Subcutaneous
* Transdermal implant

|
|

Organs|

* Intracavernous
* Intravitreal
* Intra-articular injection
* Transscleral

Central nervous system|

* Intracerebral
* Intrathecal
* Epidural

Circulatory,
musculoskeletal|

* Intravenous
* Intracardiac
* Intramuscular
* Intraosseous
* Intraperitoneal
* Nanocell injection
* Patient-controlled analgesia pump
* PIC line

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