Timeline of human vaccines

Short description: none

This is a timeline of the development of prophylactic human vaccines. Early vaccines may be listed by the first year of development or testing, but later entries usually show the year the vaccine finished trials and became available on the market. Although vaccines exist for the diseases listed below, only smallpox has been eliminated worldwide. The other vaccine-preventable illnesses continue to cause millions of deaths each year.[1]

## Contents

* 1 18th century
* 2 19th century
* 3 20th century
* 4 21st century
* 5 References

## 18th century

* 1796 – Edward Jenner develops and documents first vaccine for smallpox.[2]

## 19th century

* 1881 - First vaccine for anthrax by Louis Pasteur[3]
* 1884-1885 – First vaccine for cholera by Jaime Ferran y Clua[4][5]
* 1885 – First vaccine for rabies by Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux[6][7]
* 1890 – First vaccine for tetanus (serum antitoxin) by Emil von Behring[8]
* 1896 – First vaccine for typhoid fever by Almroth Edward Wright, Richard Pfeiffer, and Wilhelm Kolle[9]
* 1897 – First vaccine for bubonic plague by Waldemar Haffkine

## 20th century

* 1921 – First vaccine for tuberculosis by Albert Calmette[10][11]
* 1923 – First vaccine for diphtheria by Gaston Ramon, Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō
* 1924 – First vaccine for scarlet fever by George F. Dick and Gladys Dick
* 1924 – First inactive vaccine for tetanus (tetanus toxoid, TT) by Gaston Ramon, C. Zoeller and P. Descombey
* 1926 – First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough) by Leila Denmark
* 1932 – First vaccine for yellow fever by Max Theiler and Jean Laigret
* 1937 – First vaccine for typhus by Rudolf Weigl, Ludwik Fleck and Hans Zinsser
* 1937 – First vaccine for influenza by Anatol Smorodintsev[12]
* 1941 – First vaccine for tick-borne encephalitis
* 1952 – First vaccine for polio by a Jonas Salk
* 1954 – First vaccine for Japanese encephalitis
* 1957 – First vaccine for adenovirus-4 and 7
* 1962 – First oral vaccine for polio by Albert Sabin
* 1963 – First vaccine for measles by John Franklin Enders
* 1967 – First vaccine for mumps
* 1970 – First vaccine for rubella
* 1977 – First vaccine for pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
* 1978 – First vaccine for meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis)
* 1980 – Smallpox declared eradicated worldwide due to vaccination efforts
* 1981 – First vaccine for hepatitis B (first vaccine to target a cause of cancer)
* 1984 – First vaccine for chicken pox
* 1985 – First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB)
* 1989 – First vaccine for Q fever[13]
* 1990 – First vaccine for hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
* 1991 – First vaccine for hepatitis A[14]
* 1998 – First vaccine for Lyme disease
* 1998 – First vaccine for rotavirus[15]

## 21st century

* 2000 – First pneumococcal conjugate vaccine approved in the U.S. (PCV7 or Prevnar)[16]
* 2003 – First nasal influenza vaccine approved in U.S. (FluMist)
* 2003 – First vaccine for Argentine hemorrhagic fever.[17]
* 2006 – First vaccine for human papillomavirus (which is a cause of cervical cancer)
* 2006 – First herpes zoster vaccine for shingles
* 2011 – First vaccine for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (comprises 85% of lung cancer cases)
* 2012 – First vaccine for hepatitis E[18]
* 2012 – First quadrivalent (4-strain) influenza vaccine
* 2013 – First vaccine for enterovirus 71, one cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease[19]
* 2015 – First vaccine for malaria[20]
* 2015 – First vaccine for dengue fever[21]
* 2019 – First vaccine for Ebola approved[22]
* 2020 – First vaccine for COVID-19
* 2023 – First respiratory syncytial virus vaccine
* 2023 – First vaccine for Chikungunya

## References

1. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (12 May 2006). "Vaccine Preventable Deaths and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006—2015". MMWR (CDC) 55 (18): 511–515. PMID 16691182. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5518a4.htm. Retrieved 2025-10-23.
2. ↑ "Jenner's Breakthrough". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_48.
3. ↑ Deadly Diseases and Epidemics, Anthrax. Chelesa House Publishers. 2003. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-7910-7302-5. https://archive.org/details/anthraxdeadlydis00jane/page/27.
4. ↑ Jaime Ferrán (1885). "Nota sobre la profilaxis del cólera por medio de inyecciones hipodérmicas de cultivo puro del bacilo virgula" (in es). El Siglo Med 32: 480.
5. ↑ "Cholera: Ferrán's Vaccine". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_101034.
6. ↑ "Vaccine History Timeline". Immunize.org. 2025-09-02. http://www.immunize.org/timeline/.
7. ↑ "Another Success with Rabies Vaccine". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_100877.
8. ↑ "Antitoxin and Serum Therapy". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_102209.
9. ↑ "Basis for Typhoid Vaccination Is Established". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2020. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_101021.
10. ↑ Calmette, A (1922) (in fr). L'infection bacillaire et la tuberculose chez l'homme et chez les animaux (2 ed.). Paris: Masson et Cie. https://books.google.com/books?id=PBk1AQAAMAAJ&q=Calmette+A+L'ninfection+bacillaire+et+la+tuberculose+chez+l'homme+et+chez+les+animaux.+1922&pg=PR2.
11. ↑ "July 18: 90 Years of Tuberculosis Vaccination". The History of Vaccines. Philadelphia: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. 2011. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/blog/july-18-90-years-tuberculosis-vaccination.
12. ↑ Plotkin, S.L. and Plotkin, S.A. "A short history of vaccination." In: Vaccines, Stanley A. Plotkin, Walter A. Orenstein, Paul A. Offit, eds. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008, pp. 8.
13. ↑ "A Guide to Q fever and Q fever vaccination". CSL Biotherapies. 2009. http://www.meatiesohs.org/files/Q_Fever_booklet.pdf.
14. ↑ Patravale, Vandana; Dandekar, Prajakta; Jain, Ratnesh (2012). Nanoparticulate drug delivery perspectives on the transition from laboratory to market (1st ed.). Oxford: Woodhead. p. 212. ISBN 9781908818195. https://books.google.com/books?id=VWdEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212.
15. ↑ Schwartz, Jason L. (2012). "The First Rotavirus Vaccine and the Politics of Acceptable Risk". The Milbank Quarterly 90 (2): 278–310. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00664.x. PMID 22709389.
16. ↑ "Pneumococcal Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know | CDC" (in en-us). 2021-03-25. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/public/index.html.
17. ↑ Saavedra, María Del Carmen; Riera, Laura M.; Bottale, Alejandro J.; Mariani, Mauricio A.; Maiza, Andrea S.; Ambrosio, Ana María (2017). "[Stability of Candid#1 vaccine to prevent Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever]". Medicina 77 (5): 353–357. ISSN 0025-7680. PMID 29044009.
18. ↑ "Development of new hepatitis E vaccines.". Human Vaccine & Immunotherapics 14 (9): 2254–2262. 2018. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1469591. PMID 29708836.
19. ↑ Mao, Qun-ying; Wang, Yiping; Bian, Lianlian; Xu, Miao; Liang, Zhenglun (May 2016). "EV71 vaccine, a new tool to control outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)". Expert Review of Vaccines 15 (5): 599–606. doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1138862. PMID 26732723.
20. ↑ Hawkes, Nigel (27 July 2015). "European Medicines Agency approves first malaria vaccine". BMJ 351: 351. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4067. PMID 26215922.
21. ↑ Zacks Equity Research (29 December 2015). "Sanofi's Dengue Vaccine Dengvaxia Gains Brazilian Approval". https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/sanofis-dengue-vaccine-dengvaxia-gains-brazilian-approval-2015-12-29.
22. ↑ "Merck's Ervebo [Ebola Zaire Vaccine (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) live] Granted Conditional Approval in the European Union" (Press release). Merck. 11 November 2019. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019 - via Business Wire.

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Artificial induction of immunity / Immunization: Vaccines, Vaccination, Infection, Biology:Inoculat, Inoculation (J07)

Development|

* Adjuvants
* List of vaccine ingredients
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* Timeline
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Classes|

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* Rotavirus#
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* Medicine:Dryvax
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