Valve replacement

Short description: Replacement of one or more of the heart valves

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Valve replacement

ICD-9-CM| V43.3

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Valve replacement is the surgical replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthestic valve (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair.

## Contents

* 1 Procedures
* 2 Medical uses
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Procedures

There are four procedures

* Aortic valve replacement
* Mitral valve replacement
* Tricuspid valve replacement
* Pulmonary valve replacement

Current aortic valve replacement approaches include closed heart surgery, Very invasive cardiac surgery (VICS) and Very invasive, Scapulae-based aortic valve replacement.

Catheter replacement of the aortic valve (called trans-aortic valve replacement or implementation [TAVR or TAVI]) is a minimally invasive option for those suffering from aortic valve stenosis. TAVR is commonly performed by guiding a catheter from the groin to the narrowed valve via the aorta using realtime x-ray technology. A metal stent containing a valve is then deployed using a balloon to press the stent into the valve in effect opening the stenosed (or narrowed) valve and lodging the stent in place. The procedure was first approved in the United States in November 2011 [1] as an alternative for people deemed a poor candidate for open approach replacement; however, TAVR has been successfully implemented into practice in other countries prior to 2011.[1]

## Medical uses

In those between 50 and 70 years of age bioprosthetic and mechanical aortic valves have similar overall outcomes with respect to stroke and survival.[2]

## See also

* Heart valve repair

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "FDA-approved transcatheter approach offers life-extending valve replacement for inoperable patients". Stanford School of Medicine. http://medicalstaff.stanfordhospital.org/ms/medstaffupdate/articles/201208_FDA_Approved_Transcatheter_Approach.html.
2. ↑ Chiang, Yuting P.; Chikwe, Joanna; Moskowitz, Alan J.; Itagaki, Shinobu; Adams, David H.; Egorova, Natalia N. (1 October 2014). "Survival and Long-term Outcomes Following Bioprosthetic vs Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients Aged 50 to 69 Years". JAMA 312 (13): 1323–9. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12679. PMID 25268439.

* v
* t
* e

Surgery and other procedures involving the heart (ICD-9-CM V3 35–37+89.4+99.6, ICD-10-PCS 02)

Surgery and IC|

| Heart valves
and septa|

* Valve repair
* Valvulotomy
* Mitral valve repair
* Valvuloplasty
* aortic
* mitral
* Valve replacement
* Aortic valve repair
* Aortic valve replacement
* Ross procedure
* Percutaneous aortic valve replacement
* Mitral valve replacement
* Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation

production of septal defect in heart
enlargement of existing septal defect

Atrial septostomy
Balloon septostomy
creation of septal defect in heart

Blalock–Hanlon procedure

shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
atrium to pulmonary artery

Fontan procedure
left ventricle to aorta

Rastelli procedure
right ventricle to pulmonary artery

Sano shunt

compound procedures
for transposition of the great vessels

Arterial switch operation
Mustard procedure
Senning procedure
for univentricular defect

Norwood procedure
Kawashima procedure

shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
systemic circulation to pulmonary artery shunt

Blalock–Taussig shunt
SVC to the right PA

Glenn procedure

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Cardiac vessels|

CHD
Angioplasty
Bypass/Coronary artery bypass

MIDCAB
Off-pump CAB
TECAB

Coronary stent
Bare-metal stent
Drug-eluting stent

* Bentall procedure
* Valve-sparing aortic root replacement

* LeCompte maneuver

Other|

Pericardium
Pericardiocentesis
Pericardial window
Pericardiectomy

Myocardium
Cardiomyoplasty
Dor procedure
Septal myectomy
Ventricular reduction
Alcohol septal ablation

Conduction system
Maze procedure

Cox maze and minimaze
Catheter ablation

Cryoablation
Radiofrequency ablation
Pacemaker insertion

* Left atrial appendage occlusion
* Cardiotomy
* Heart transplantation

Diagnostic
tests and
procedures|

Electrophysiology
Electrocardiography

Vectorcardiography
Holter monitor
Implantable loop recorder
Cardiac stress test

Bruce protocol
Electrophysiology study

Cardiac imaging
Angiocardiography
Echocardiography

TTE
TEE
Myocardial perfusion imaging
Cardiovascular MRI
Ventriculography

Radionuclide ventriculography
Cardiac catheterization/Coronary catheterization
Cardiac CT
Cardiac PET

sound
Phonocardiogram

Function tests|

* Impedance cardiography
* Ballistocardiography
* Cardiotocography

Pacing|

* Cardioversion
* Transcutaneous pacing

Category

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