Wastewater surveillance

Short description: Monitoring wastewater for contaminants

Wastewater surveillance is the process of monitoring wastewater for contaminants. Amongst other uses, it can be used for biosurveillance, to detect the presence of pathogens in local populations,[1] and to detect the presence of psychoactive drugs.[2]

One example of this is the use of wastewater monitoring to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.[3][4][5] In one study, wastewater surveillance showed signs of SARS-CoV-2 RNA before any cases were detected in the local population.[6]

## See also

* Wastewater-based epidemiology

## References

1. ↑ Sinclair, Ryan G.; Choi, Christopher Y.; Riley, Mark R.; Gerba, Charles P. (2008). "Pathogen Surveillance Through Monitoring of Sewer Systems". Advances in Applied Microbiology 65: 249–269. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00609-6. ISBN 9780123744296. ISSN 0065-2164. PMID 19026868.
2. ↑ Sulej-Suchomska, Anna Maria; Klupczynska, Agnieszka; Dereziński, Paweł; Matysiak, Jan; Przybyłowski, Piotr; Kokot, Zenon J. (2020-03-17). "Urban wastewater analysis as an effective tool for monitoring illegal drugs, including new psychoactive substances, in the Eastern European region" (in en). Scientific Reports 10 (1): 4885. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61628-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 32184422. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..10.4885S.
3. ↑ "These Scientists Are Sewer-Diving in an Attempt to Detect Silent COVID-19 Outbreaks". 2 August 2020. https://time.com/5874879/coronavirus-scientists-sewer/.
4. ↑ Daughton, Christian G. (2020-09-20). "Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future" (in en). Science of the Total Environment 736: 139631. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139631. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 32474280. Bibcode: 2020ScTEn.736m9631D.
5. ↑ shaswat.koirala@nist.gov (2020-05-21). "A NIST-Hosted Webinar on Measuring SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and Fecal Material: A Call for Standards" (in en). https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2020/06/nist-hosted-webinar-measuring-sars-cov-2-wastewater-and-fecal-material.
6. ↑ Randazzo, Walter; Truchado, Pilar; Cuevas-Ferrando, Enric; Simón, Pedro; Allende, Ana; Sánchez, Gloria (2020-08-15). "SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area". Water Research 181: 115942. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115942. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 32425251.

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Wastewater

Sources|

* Acid mine drainage
* Ballast water
* Bathroom
* Blackwater (coal)
* Blackwater (waste)
* Boiler blowdown
* Brine
* Combined sewer
* Cooling tower
* Cooling water
* Fecal sludge
* Greywater
* Infiltration/Inflow
* Industrial effluent
* Ion exchange
* Leachate
* Manure
* Papermaking
* Produced water
* Return flow
* Reverse osmosis
* Sanitary sewer
* Septage
* Sewage
* Sewage sludge
* Toilet
* Urban runoff

Quality indicators|

* Adsorbable organic halides
* Biochemical oxygen demand
* Chemical oxygen demand
* Coliform index
* Oxygen saturation
* Heavy metals
* pH
* Salinity
* Temperature
* Total dissolved solids
* Total suspended solids
* Turbidity

Treatment options|

* Activated sludge
* Aerated lagoon
* Agricultural wastewater treatment
* API oil–water separator
* Carbon filtering
* Chlorination
* Clarifier
* Constructed wetland
* Decentralized wastewater system
* Extended aeration
* Facultative lagoon
* Fecal sludge management
* Filtration
* Imhoff tank
* Industrial wastewater treatment
* Ion exchange
* Membrane bioreactor
* Reverse osmosis
* Rotating biological contactor
* Secondary treatment
* Sedimentation
* Septic tank
* Settling basin
* Sewage sludge treatment
* Sewage treatment
* Sewer mining
* Stabilization pond
* Trickling filter
* Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
* UASB
* Vermifilter
* Wastewater treatment plant

Disposal options|

* Combined sewer
* Evaporation pond
* Groundwater recharge
* Infiltration basin
* Injection well
* Irrigation
* Marine dumping
* Marine outfall
* Reclaimed water
* Sanitary sewer
* Septic drain field
* Sewage farm
* Storm drain
* Surface runoff
* Vacuum sewer

* Category: Sewerage

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