minute

An analogue clock showing one minute after twelve

General information
Unit system| Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI
Unit of| time
Symbol| min
Conversions
1 min in ...| ... is equal to ...
SI units|  60 s
Non-SI units|  ⁠1/60⁠ h

A minute is a unit of time defined as equal to 60 seconds.[1] It is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use with SI.[1] The SI symbol for minutes is min (without a dot). The prime symbol ′ is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes.[2]

In the UTC time standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of leap seconds; there is also a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 Notes and references
* 4 Bibliography

## History

Al-Biruni first subdivided the hour sexagesimally into minutes, seconds, thirds and fourths in 1000 CE while discussing Jewish months.[3]

Historically, the word "minute" comes from the Latin pars minuta prima, meaning "first small part". This division of the hour can be further refined with a "second small part" (Latin: pars minuta secunda), and this is where the word "second" comes from. For even further refinement, the term "third" (​1⁄60 of a second) was once used, but most modern usage subdivides seconds by using decimals. The symbol notation of the prime for minutes and double prime for seconds can be seen as indicating the first and second cut of the hour (similar to how the foot is the first cut of the yard or perhaps chain, with inches as the second cut). In 1267, the medieval scientist Roger Bacon, writing in Latin, defined the division of time between full moons as a number of hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths (horae, minuta, secunda, tertia, and quarta) after noon on specified calendar dates.[4] Jost Bürgi was the first clock maker to include a minute hand on clock for astronomer Tycho Brahe in 1577.[5] The introduction of the minute hand into watches was possible only after the invention of the hairspring by Thomas Tompion, an English watchmaker, in 1675.[6]

## See also

* Clock face
* International System of Units
* Latitude and longitude
* Orders of magnitude (time)

## Notes and references

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI, and units based on fundamental constants". Bureau International de Poids et Mesures. pp. 145–146. https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf.
2. ↑ Nelson, D. (2008). The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (4th ed.). Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0141920870. https://books.google.com/books?id=ud3sEeVdTIwC&pg=PT519.
3. ↑ Al-Biruni (1879). The Chronology of Ancient Nations. pp. 147–149. https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA147.
4. ↑ R Bacon (2000). The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon. BR Belle. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. table facing page 231. ISBN 978-1855068568.
5. ↑ Pi, Chia-Yi Tony (January 2000). "Canadians telling time: A study in Dialect Topography". Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 18. https://twpl.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/twpl/article/view/6252/3240.
6. ↑ Mitman, Carl (1926). "The Story of Timekeeping". The Scientific Monthly 22 (5): 424–427. Bibcode: 1926SciMo..22..424M.

## Bibliography

* Henry Campbell Black, Black's Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, entry on Minute. West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1991.[ISBN missing]
* Eric W. Weisstein. "Arc Minute." From MathWorld - A Wolfram

* v
* t
* e

Time measurement and standards

* Chronometry
* Orders of magnitude
* Metrology

International standards|

* Coordinated Universal Time
* offset
* UT
* ΔT
* DUT1
* International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
* ISO 31-1
* ISO 8601
* International Atomic Time
* 6-hour clock (Italian · Thai)
* 12-hour clock
* 24-hour clock
* Barycentric Coordinate Time
* Barycentric Dynamical Time
* Civil time
* Daylight saving time
* Geocentric Coordinate Time
* International Date Line
* Leap second
* Solar time
* Terrestrial Time
* Time zone
* 180th meridian

Obsolete standards|

* Ephemeris time
* Greenwich Mean Time
* Prime meridian

Time in physics|

* Absolute space and time
* Spacetime
* Chronon
* Continuous signal
* Coordinate time
* Cosmological decade
* Discrete time and continuous time
* Planck time
* Proper time
* Theory of relativity
* Time dilation
* Gravitational time dilation
* Time domain
* Time translation symmetry
* T-symmetry

Horology|

* Clock
* Astrarium
* Atomic clock
* Complication
* History of timekeeping devices
* Hourglass
* Marine chronometer
* Marine sandglass
* Radio clock
* Watch
* stopwatch
* Water clock
* Sundial
* Dialing scales
* Equation of time
* History of sundials
* Sundial markup schema

Calendar|

* Astronomical
* Dominical letter
* Epact
* Equinox
* Gregorian
* Hebrew
* Hindu
* Holocene
* Intercalation
* Islamic
* Julian
* Leap year
* Lunar
* Lunisolar
* Solar
* Solstice
* Tropical year
* Weekday determination
* Weekday names

Archaeology and geology|

* Chronological dating
* Geologic time scale
* International Commission on Stratigraphy

Astronomical chronology|

* Galactic year
* Nuclear timescale
* Precession
* Sidereal time

Other units of time|

* Flick
* Shake
* Jiffy
* Second
* Minute
* Moment
* Hour
* Day
* Week
* Fortnight
* Month
* Year
* Olympiad
* Lustrum
* Decade
* Century
* Saeculum
* Millennium

Related topics|

* Chronology
* Duration
* music
* Mental chronometry
* Decimal time
* Metric time
* System time
* Time value of money
* Timekeeper

* v
* t
* e

SI units

Base units|

* ampere
* candela
* kelvin
* kilogram
* {{{sp}}}}}|us|er|re}}
* mole
* second

Derived units
with special names|

* becquerel
* coulomb
* degree Celsius
* farad
* gray
* henry
* hertz
* joule
* katal
* lumen
* lux
* newton
* ohm
* pascal
* radian
* siemens
* sievert
* steradian
* tesla
* volt
* watt
* weber

Other accepted units|

* astronomical unit
* dalton
* day
* decibel
* degree of arc
* electronvolt
* hectare
* hour
* {{{sp}}}}}|us|er|re}}
* minute
* minute and second of arc
* neper
* tonne

See also|

* Conversion of units
* Metric prefixes
* 2005–2019 definition
* 2019 redefinition
* Systems of measurement

* Book
* Category

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