Musical tone

Short description: Steady periodic sound in music

This notation indicates differing pitch, dynamics, articulation, instrumentation, timbre, and rhythm (duration and onset/order).

Traditionally in Western music, a musical tone is a steady periodic sound. A musical tone is characterized by its duration, pitch, intensity (or loudness), and timbre (or quality).[1] The notes used in music can be more complex than musical tones, as they may include aperiodic aspects, such as attack transients, vibrato, and envelope modulation.

A simple tone, or pure tone, has a sinusoidal waveform. A complex tone is a combination of two or more pure tones that have a periodic pattern of repetition, unless specified otherwise.

The Fourier theorem states that any periodic waveform can be approximated as closely as desired as the sum of a series of sine waves with frequencies in a harmonic series and at specific phase relationships to each other. The common denominator frequency, which is also often the lowest of these frequencies is the fundamental frequency, and is also the inverse of the period of the waveform. The fundamental frequency determines the pitch of the tone, which is perceived by the human hearing. In music, notes are assigned to tones with different fundamental frequencies, in order to describe the pitch of played tones.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## History

Tones were recognised by Ancient Greece philosopher Aristoxenus (375–335 BCE), who called them "tensions".[2]

## See also

* Mathematics of musical scales
* Reference tone
* Standard test tone
* Signal tone
* White noise

## References

Citations

1. ↑ Juan G. Roederer (2008). The Physics and Psychophysics of Music: An Introduction (fourth ed.). Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-387-09470-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=rYfqoc1dDmYC&pg=PA4.
2. ↑ tonografia1841, p. 37

Works cited

* Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi (1841). La tonografia escogitata da Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi. Napoli: Stamperia della Società Filomatica. https://books.google.com/books?id=z15VO6KvXuoC&pg=PP4.

## External links

* Pure tones & complex sounds

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