National research and education network

Short description: Internet service provider type

A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education communities within a country.

It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.

In recent years, with the widespread availability of high-speed internet services, their importance has diminished, although many NRENs have expanded their remit of services to include areas such as trust and identity, security, automation, and cloud offerings,[1] while others have evolved into fully fledged digital transformation agencies for their respective national governments.[2]

## Contents

* 1 List of NRENs by geographic area
* 1.1 East and Southern Africa
* 1.2 North Africa
* 1.3 West and Central Africa
* 1.4 Asia Pacific
* 1.5 North America
* 1.6 Latin America
* 1.7 Caribbean
* 1.8 Europe
* 1.9 Nordic countries
* 1.10 Middle East
* 1.11 Central Asia
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## List of NRENs by geographic area

### East and Southern Africa

* UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking \- the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa
* Eb@le - DRC NREN
* EthERNet - Ethiopian NREN
* iRENALA \- Malagasy NREN
* KENET \- Kenyan NREN
* MAREN \- Malawian NREN
* MoRENet - Mozambican NREN
* RENU - Ugandan NREN
* RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN
* SomaliREN - Somali NREN
* SudREN \- Sudanese NREN
* TENET/SANReN \- South African NREN
* TERNET - Tanzanian NREN
* Xnet - Namibian NREN
* ZAMREN - Zambian NREN

### North Africa

* ASREN \- Arab States Research and Education Network
* TUREN - Tunisian NREN
* MARWAN - Moroccan NREN
* ENREN - Egyptian NREN
* ARN (Algeria) \- Algerian NREN
* SudREN - Sudanese NREN
* SomaliREN \- Somali NREN

### West and Central Africa

* WACREN \- West and Central African Research and Education Network
* GARNET \- Ghanaian NREN
* TogoRER \- Togolese NREN
* GhREN \- Ghanaian NREN
* MaliREN - Mali NREN
* Niger-REN \- Nigerien NREN
* RITER - Côte d'Ivoire NREN
* SnRER - Senegalese NREN
* NgREN \- Nigerian NREN
* Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network \- Nigerian NREN
* LRREN - Liberia Research and Education Network

### Asia Pacific

* APAN - Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
* AARNet \- Australian NREN
* AfgREN - Afghanistan NREN
* BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN
* DrukREN - Druk REN
* CSTNET \- China Science and Technology Network
* CERNET \- China Education and Research Network
* ERNET \- Indian NREN
* HARNET \- Hong Kong NREN
* KOREN \- South Korean NREN
* KREONET\- South Korean NREN
* IDREN \- Indonesian NREN
* LEARN \- Sri Lankan NREN
* SINET - Japanese NREN
* MYREN \- Malaysian NREN
* NKN \- Indian NREN
* NREN \- Nepal NREN
* NREN \- Islamic Republic of Iran NREN
* REANNZ \- New Zealand NREN
* PERN - Pakistani NREN
* PREGINET \- Philippine NREN
* SingAREN - Singaporean NREN
* TWAREN \- Taiwanese NREN
* UniNet \- Thai NREN
* VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
* CamREN \- Cambodia NREN
* TEIN \- Trans Eurasia Information Network

### North America

* United States – although advocated since the 1980s,[3] the U.S. does not have one single NREN.

Name | Type

|

Internet2 | national
National LambdaRail | national [closed]
vBNS | national [closed]
Edge | state (New Jersey)
ESnet | national
NEREN | regional (New England)
CAAREN | regional (Washington metropolitan area)
CENIC | state (California)
CEN | state (Connecticut)
NEREN | regional (Midwest)
Illinois Century Network | state (Illinois)
KanREN | state (Kansas)
LEARN | state (Texas) [4]
Merit Network | state (Michigan)
NERO | state (Oregon)
NCREN | state (North Carolina)
NYSERNet | state (New York)
OARnet | state (Ohio)
OneNet | state (Oklahoma)
OSHEAN | state (Rhode Island)
PennREN | state (Pennsylvania)
THEnet | state (Texas) [5]
UEN | state (Utah)
WVNET | state (West Virginia)
WiscNet | state (Wisconsin)

* Canada

Name | Type

|

CANARIE | national
ACORN-NL | provincial (Newfoundland and Labrador)
ACORN-NS | provincial (Nova Scotia)
BCNET | provincial (British Columbia)
Cybera | provincial (Alberta)
GTAnet | provincial (Ontario)
ECN | provincial (New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island)
MRnet | provincial (Manitoba) [6]
ORION | provincial (Ontario)
RISQ | provincial (Quebec)
SRNet | provincial (Saskatchewan)

### Latin America

High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA and REUNA.[7]

* RedCLARA \- Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
* Innova-Red \- Argentinian NREN
* ADSIB - Bolivian NREN
* RNP \- Brazilian NREN
* REUNA \- Chilean NREN
* RENATA \- Colombian NREN
* RedCONARE \- Costa Rican NREN
* CEDIA \- Ecuadorian NREN
* RAICES - El Salvadoran NREN
* RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN
* Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC) - Honduran NREN
* CUDI \- Mexican NREN
* RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN
* RedCyT - Panamanian NREN
* Arandu - Paraguayan NREN
* RAAP - Peruvian NREN
* RAU - Uruguayan NREN
* REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN

### Caribbean

* C@ribNET - Caribbean NREN
* TTRENT \- Trinidad and Tobago NREN
* JREN - Jamaica NREN
* RADEI - NREN of the Dominican Republic

### Europe

* European Academic and Research Network \- Predecessor of TERENA after merging with RARE
* GÉANT \- Develops and maintains the GÉANT backbone network on behalf of European NRENs. Formerly DANTE and TERENA.
* CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association [8]
* Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
* ANA Albanian NREN
* ASNET-AM \- Armenian NREN
* ACOnet \- Austrian NREN
* AzScienceNet Azerbaijan NREN
* BASNET \- Belarus NREN
* Belnet - Belgian NREN
* BREN \- Bulgarian NREN
* CESNET \- Czech NREN
* CARNET \- Croatian NREN
* CYNET \- Cypriot NREN
* SURF \- Dutch NREN
* EENet \- Estonian NREN
* RENATER - French NREN
* Deutsches Forschungsnetz (DFN) - German NREN
* GRENA - Georgian NREN
* GRNET - Greek NREN
* Pro-M/NIIF Program - Hungarian NREN
* HEAnet \- Irish NREN; merged with EduCampus in 2025 to form Asiera
* GARR \- Italian NREN
* KazRENA \- Kazakh NREN
* KREN \- Kosovan NREN
* SigmaNet \- Latvian NREN
* LITNET \- Lithuanian NREN
* RESTENA \- Luxembourg NREN
* MARNET - Macedonian NREN
* RiċerkaNet \- Maltese NREN
* RENAM \- Moldovian NREN
* MREN \- Montenegro NREN
* SURF \- Netherlands NREN (formerly SURFnet)
* PIONIER (PSNC) - Polish NREN
* FCCN \- Portuguese NREN
* RoEduNet \- Romanian NREN
* RUNNet \- Russian NREN
* AMRES \- Serbian NREN
* ARNES \- Slovenian NREN
* SANET \- Slovakian NREN
* RedIRIS \- Spanish NREN
* SWITCH \- Swiss NREN
* ULAKBIM \- Turkish NREN
* URAN \- Ukrainian NREN
* Jisc \- United Kingdom NREN, operator of the Janet network

### Nordic countries

* NORDUnet \- Nordic backbone network
* DeiC - Danish NREN
* FUNET \- Finnish NREN
* RHnet \- Icelandic NREN
* SUNET \- Swedish NREN
* Sikt[9] \- Norwegian NREN

### Middle East

* Maeen Saudi Arabia NREN
* Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone
* ANKABUT UAE NREN
* OMREN Omani NREN
* IUCC - Israeli NREN
* JUnet Jordanian NREN
* IRAN SHOA Iranian NREN
* PALNREN Palestinian NREN
* Lebanon
* Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority
* QNREN - Qatar NREN
* HIAST Syrian NREN

### Central Asia

* RUNNet \- Russian University Network, Russian NREN
* ASNET-AM \- Armenian
* AzScienceNet Azerbaijan NREN
* GRENA - Georgian NREN
* KazRENA \- Kazakhstan NREN
* KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN
* TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN
* UZSCINET \- Uzbekistan NREN

## See also

* Information superhighway
* Libraries and the US National Research and Education Network

## References

1. ↑ "GÉANT Services". 2025-04-08. https://geant.org/services/.
2. ↑ "NRENs driving digital transformation in the Western Balkans". 2025-04-08. https://connect.geant.org/2025/10/10/nrens-driving-digital-transformation-in-the-western-balkans-highlights-from-the-wbds-2025.
3. ↑ National Research Council (U.S.). National Research Network Review Committee, Leonard Kleinrock (1988). Toward a National Research Network. National Academies. ISBN 9780309581257. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10334/toward-a-national-research-network.
4. ↑ "LEARN: Lonestar Education and Research Network". Tx-learn.org. 2022-09-30. http://www.tx-learn.org/. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
5. ↑ "The Higher Education Network". https://www.the.net/.
6. ↑ "MRnet Manitoba Research Network - Enhancing Education and Research Through Advanced High Speed Optical Networks". Mrnet.mb.ca. https://mrnet.mb.ca/. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
7. ↑ "New High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA". European Southern Observatory. http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15005/.
8. ↑ "CEENet - Central and Eastern European Networking Associations". 2012-04-03. http://www.ceenet.org/. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
9. ↑ "Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research". https://sikt.no/en/about-sikt.

## External links

* Research and Education Networking FAQ

* v
* t
* e

Research and education computer networks in the Americas

National|

* Brazil: RNP
* Canada: CANARIE
* Mexico: CUDI
* Latin America: RedCLARA
* USA: Internet2
* ESnet

Subnational|

| Canada|

* ACORN-NS (NS)
* Cybera (AB)
* ORION (ON)
* RISQ (QC)
* SRNet (SK)

|

United States|

* CalREN (CA)
* CEN (CT)
* ICN (IL)
* Merit Network (MI)
* NYSERNet (NY)
* OARnet (OH)
* OSHEAN (RI)
* UEN (UT)

Historical|

* Abilene
* ARPANET
* DDN
* CSNET
* Gigabit Chicago
* Gigabit Seattle
* NEARnet
* NIPRNet
* NSFNET
* SURAnet
* vBNS

See also
National research and education network

* v
* t
* e

Research and education computer networks in the Asia Pacific

National|

* APAN
* AARNet
* CERNET
* ERNET
* INHERENT
* REANNZ
* PREGINET
* TWAREN

Historical|

* ARPANET
* DDN
* CSNET
* NSFNET
* vBNS
* Abilene

See also: National research and education network

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