Notation3

Notation3Filename extension| `.n3`

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Internet media type| `text/n3;charset=utf-8`
Developed by| Tim Berners-Lee
Type of format| semantic web
Container for| RDF data
Standard| n3
Website| www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/

Notation3, or N3 as it is more commonly known, is a shorthand non-XML serialization of Resource Description Framework models, designed with human-readability in mind: N3 is much more compact and readable than XML RDF notation. The format is being developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others from the Semantic Web community. A formalization of the logic underlying N3 was published by Berners-Lee and others in 2008.[1]

N3 has several features that go beyond a serialization for RDF models, such as support for RDF-based rules. Turtle is a simplified, RDF-only subset of N3.

## Contents

* 1 Examples
* 2 Comparison of Notation3, Turtle, and N-Triples
* 3 See also
* 4 External links
* 5 References

## Examples

The following is an RDF model in standard XML notation:

<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn">
<dc:title>Tony Benn</dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Wikipedia</dc:publisher>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

may be written in Notation3 like this:

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>.

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Benn>
dc:title "Tony Benn";
dc:publisher "Wikipedia".

This N3 code above would also be in valid Turtle syntax.

## Comparison of Notation3, Turtle, and N-Triples

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Feature | Notation3 | Turtle | N-Triples

|
|
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Character encoding | UTF-8 | ASCII
Directives  | `@base` | Yes | Yes | No
`@forAll` | Yes | No | No
`@forSome` | Yes | No | No
`@keywords` | Yes | No | No
`@prefix` | Yes | Yes | No
Lists
`()` (DAML lists) | Yes | Yes | No
`{ … }` (statement lists) | Yes | No | No
Literals | `true` / `false`
(Boolean) | Yes | Yes | No
`xsd:decimal`
(decimal arbitrary length) | Yes | Yes | No
`xsd:double`
(decimal double) | Yes | Yes | No
`xsd:integer`
(decimal integer) | Yes | Yes | No
Syntactic sugar | RDF paths | Yes | No | No
QNames | Yes | Yes | No
`a`/`@a` (equiv. to `rdf:type`) | Yes | Yes | No
`[]` (shorthand for blank node) | Yes | Yes | No
`=>` (x implies y) | Yes | No | No
`<=` (y implies x) | Yes | No | No
`=` (x is equivalent to y) | Yes | No | No
`,` (repeat object in list) | Yes | Yes | No
`;` (repeat subject/verb in list) | Yes | Yes | No

## See also

* N-Triples
* Turtle (syntax)

## External links

* Notation 3 W3C Submission
* Notation 3 Outline on W3C Design Issues by Tim Berners-Lee
* Notation 3 Primer: Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3
* A Rough Guide to Notation3
* RDF for "Little Languages"
* An editing mode of N3 for Emacs
* An editing mode of N3 for vim
* An editing mode of N3 for textmate
* An editing mode of N3 for gedit
* EulerGUI, an IDE centered on N3 editor with translation from RDF, with validation, prefix management, uploading of resources, graph view, table view, etc.

## References

1. ↑ Berners-Lee, T. I. M.; Connolly, D. A. N.; Kagal, L.; Scharf, Y.; Hendler, J. I. M. (2008). "N3Logic: A logical framework for the World Wide Web". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 8 (3): 249–269. doi:10.1017/S1471068407003213.

* v
* t
* e

Semantic Web

Background|

* Databases
* Hypertext
* Internet
* Ontologies
* Semantics
* Semantic networks
* World Wide Web

Sub-topics|

* Dataspaces
* Hyperdata
* Linked data
* Rule-based systems

Applications|

* Semantic analytics
* Semantic broker
* Semantic computing
* Semantic mapper
* Semantic matching
* Semantic publishing
* Semantic reasoner
* Semantic search
* Semantic service-oriented architecture
* Semantic wiki

Related topics|

* Collective intelligence
* Description logic
* Folksonomy
* Geotagging
* Information architecture
* Knowledge extraction
* Knowledge management
* Knowledge representation and reasoning
* Library 2.0
* Digital library
* Digital humanities
* Metadata
* References
* Topic map
* Web 2.0
* Web engineering
* Web Science Trust

Standards|

| Syntax and supporting technologies|

* HTTP
* IRI
* URI
* RDF
* triples
* RDF/XML
* JSON-LD
* Turtle
* TriG
* Notation3
* N-Triples
* TriX (no W3C standard)
* RRID
* SPARQL
* XML
* Semantic HTML

|

Schemas, ontologies and rules|

* Common Logic
* OWL
* RDFS
* Rule Interchange Format
* Semantic Web Rule Language
* ALPS
* SHACL

Semantic annotation|

* eRDF
* GRDDL
* Microdata
* Microformats
* RDFa
* SAWSDL
* Facebook Platform

Common vocabularies|

* DOAP
* Dublin Core
* FOAF
* Schema.org
* SIOC
* SKOS

Microformat vocabularies|

* hAtom
* hCalendar
* hCard
* hProduct
* hRecipe
* hResume
* hReview

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