Orders of magnitude (frequency)

Short description: List of frequencies and applications

The following list illustrates various frequencies, measured in hertz, according to decade in the order of their magnitudes, with the negative decades illustrated by events and positive decades by acoustic or electromagnetic uses.

Factor
(Hz)  | Multiple  | Value  | Item

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10−18 | 1 attohertz (aHz) | ~2.2978 aHz | The Hubble constant (once in 13.8 billion years)
10−17 | 10 aHz | ~79 aHz | Supercontinent cycle (about every 400 million years)
10−16 | 100 aHz | ~137.8 aHz | Once per galactic year (about every 230 million years)
10−15 | 1 femtohertz (fHz) | ~3 fHz | Sound waves created by a supermassive black hole in the Perseus cluster[1]
10−14 | 10 fHz | ~31.71 fHz | Once every one million years
10−12 | 1 picohertz (pHz) | 1.23 pHz  | Precession of the Earth's axis (about every 25,700 years)
10−11 | 10 pHz | ~31.71 pHz | Once per millennium
10−10 | 100 pHz | ~317.1 pHz | Once per century
10−9 | 1 nanohertz (nHz)  | ~1 nHz | Once per generation (about every 30 years)
~2.9 nHz | Average solar cycle (about every 11 years)
~3.171 nHz | Once per decade
10−8 | 10 nHz  | 11.6699016 nHz | Once in a blue moon[2]
~31.71 nHz | Yearly (or Earth's orbital frequency)
10−7 | 100 nHz  | ~380.5 nHz | Monthly (or the Moon's orbital frequency)
~413 nHz | Average menstrual cycle (28 days)
10−6 | 1 microhertz (µHz) | ~1.653 µHz | Weekly
10−5 | 10 µHz | ~11.57 µHz | Daily (or Earth's rotation frequency)
10−4 | 100 µHz | ~277.8 µHz | Hourly
10−2 | 1 centihertz (cHz) | ~16.667 mHz | One rpm
10−1 | 1 decihertz (dHz) | 189 mHz | Acoustic - frequency of G−7, the lowest note sung by the singer with the deepest voice in the world, Tim Storms. His vocal cords vibrate 1 time every 5.29 seconds.
100 | 1 hertz (Hz)  | 1 to 1.66 Hz | Approximate frequency of an adult human's resting heart beat
1 Hz | 60 bpm, common tempo in music
2 Hz | 120 bpm, common tempo in music
~7.83 Hz | Fundamental frequency of the Schumann resonances
101 | 10 hertz  | 10 Hz | Cyclic rate of a typical automobile engine at idle (equivalent to 600 rpm)
24 Hz | Common frame rate of movies
27.5 Hz | Acoustic - the lowest musical note (A0) playable on a normally-tuned standard piano
50 Hz | Electromagnetic - standard AC mains power (European AC, Tokyo AC),
refresh rate of PAL and SECAM CRT televisions
60 Hz | Electromagnetic - standard AC mains power (American AC, Osaka AC),
refresh rate of NTSC CRT televisions and standard refresh rate of computer monitors
102 | 100 Hz  | 100 Hz | Cyclic rate of a typical automobile engine at redline (equivalent to 6000 rpm)
261.626 Hz | Acoustic - the musical note middle C (C4)
440 Hz | Acoustic - concert pitch (A above middle C; A4), used for tuning musical instruments
716 Hz | Rotational period of one of the fastest known millisecond pulsars, PSR J1748−2446ad[3]
103 | 1 kilohertz (kHz)  | 1 kHz | Usual frequency of a bleep censor
4.186 kHz | Acoustic - the highest musical note (C8) playable on a normally-tuned standard piano
8 kHz | ISDN sampling rate
104 | 10 kHz  | 14 kHz | Acoustic - the typical upper limit of adult human hearing
17.4 kHz | Acoustic - a frequency known as the Mosquito, which is generally only audible to those under the age of 24.
25.1 kHz  | Acoustic - G10, the highest pitch sung by Georgia Brown, who has a vocal range of 8 octaves.
44.1 kHz | Common audio sampling frequency
105 | 100 kHz | 740 kHz | The clock speed of the world's first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 (1971)
106 | 1 megahertz (MHz)  | 530 kHz to 1.710 MHz | Electromagnetic - AM radio broadcasts
1 MHz to 8 MHz | Clock speeds of early home/personal computers (mid-1970s to mid-1980s)
107 | 10 MHz | 13.56 MHz | Electromagnetic - near field communication
108 | 100 MHz  | 88 MHz to 108 MHz | Electromagnetic - FM radio broadcasts
902 to 928 MHz | Electromagnetic - common cordless telephone frequency in the US
109 | 1 gigahertz (GHz)  | 1.42 GHz | Electromagnetic - the hyperfine transition of hydrogen, also known as the hydrogen line or 21 cm line
2.4 GHz | Electromagnetic - microwave ovens, wireless LANs and cordless phones (starting in 1998)
2.6–3.8 GHz | A common desktop CPU speed as of 2014
5.8 GHz | Electromagnetic - cordless telephone frequency introduced in 2003
1010 | 10 GHz | 3 GHz to 30 GHz | Electromagnetic - super high frequency
60 GHz | Electromagnetic - 60 GHz Wi-Fi (WiGig) introduced in 2010
1011 | 100 GHz  | 160.2 GHz | Electromagnetic - peak of cosmic microwave background radiation
845 GHz | Fastest transistor (December 2006).[4][5]
1012 | 1 terahertz (THz) |  | The terahertz gap
1013 | 10 THz  | 21 THz to 33 THz | Electromagnetic - infrared light used in thermal imaging, for example for night vision
31.5 THz | Electromagnetic - peak of black-body radiation emitted by human body
1014 | 100 THz | 400 THz to 790 THz | Electromagnetic - visible light, from red to violet
1015 | 1 petahertz (PHz) | 2.47 PHz | Electromagnetic - Lyman-alpha line
1016 | 10 PHz | 30 PHz | Electromagnetic - X-rays
1017 | 100 PHz |  |
1018 | 1 exahertz (EHz) |  |
1019 | 10 EHz |  |
1020 | 100 EHz | 300 EHz + | Electromagnetic - gamma rays
1021 | 1 zettahertz (ZHz) | 36 ZHz | Resonance width of the rho meson
1024 | 1 yottahertz (YHz) |  |
1027 | 1 ronnahertz (RHz) | 3.9 RHz | Highest energy (16 TeV) gamma ray detected, from Markarian 501
1030 | 1 quettahertz (QHz) |  |
1043 | 10 trillion QHz | 18.5 trillion Qhz | The unit of inverse time (or frequency) in the system of Planck units

## See also

* Hertz
* Orders of magnitude (rotational speed)

## References

1. ↑ "Black Hole Sound Waves  - NASA Science". https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/09sep_blackholesounds/.
2. ↑ Google Calculator result for "once in a blue moon"
3. ↑ Hessels, J. W. T.; Ransom, S. M.; Stairs, I. H.; Freire, P. C.; Kaspi, V. M.; Camilo, F. (2006). "A Radio Pulsar Spinning at 716 Hz". Science 311 (5769): 1901–1904. doi:10.1126/science.1123430. PMID 16410486. Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1901H.
4. ↑ "Fastest Transistor Approaches Terahertz Speed". Highbeam. 2007-01-01. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-157174290.html.
5. ↑ "World's fastest transistor approaches goal of terahertz device". Illinois News Bureau. December 11, 2006. https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/206782.

* v
* t
* e

Orders of magnitude

Quantity|

* Acceleration
* Angular momentum
* Angular velocity
* Area
* Bit rate
* Capacitance
* Charge
* Computing
* Currency
* Current
* Data
* Density
* Energy / Energy density / Energy flow density
* Entropy
* Force
* Frequency
* Inductance
* Illuminance
* Length
* Luminance / Luminous flux
* Magnetic field
* Mass
* Molarity
* Momentum
* Numbers
* Power
* Pressure
* Probability
* Radiation
* Resistance
* Sound pressure
* Specific energy
* Specific heat capacity
* Speed
* Temperature
* Time
* Viscosity
* Voltage
* Volume

See also|

* Back-of-the-envelope calculation
* Fermi problem
* Powers of 10 and decades
* 10th
* 100th
* 1000000th
* Billionth
* Trillionth
* Metric (SI) prefix
* Macroscopic scale
* Microscopic scale
* Quantum realm

Related|

* Astronomical system of units
* Earth's location in the Universe
* "Cosmic View" (1957 essay)
* To the Moon and Beyond (1964 film)
* Cosmic Zoom (1968 film)
* Powers of Ten (1968 and 1977 films)
* Cosmic Voyage (1996 documentary)
* Cosmic Eye (2012)

* Book
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Radio spectrum (ITU)

ELF
3 Hz/100 Mm
30 Hz/10 Mm

SLF
30 Hz/10 Mm
300 Hz/1 Mm

ULF
300 Hz/1 Mm
3 kHz/100 km

VLF
3 kHz/100 km
30 kHz/10 km

30 kHz/10 km
300 kHz/1 km

300 kHz/1 km
3 MHz/100 m

3 MHz/100 m
30 MHz/10 m

VHF
30 MHz/10 m
300 MHz/1 m

UHF
300 MHz/1 m
3 GHz/100 mm

SHF
3 GHz/100 mm
30 GHz/10 mm

EHF
30 GHz/10 mm
300 GHz/1 mm

THF
300 GHz/1 mm
3 THz/0.1 mm

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