American Heart Association

American Heart AssociationFile:American Heart Association Logo.svg

Founded| June 10, 1924
Founder| Paul Dudley White, Dr. Lewis A. Conner, Dr. Robert H. Halsey, Dr. James B. Herrick, Dr. Hugh McCulloch, and Dr. Joseph Sailer
Type| Nonprofit

Tax ID no.

| 13-5613797
Legal status| 501(c)(3)
Purpose| "To be a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives"
Headquarters| 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, Texas

Key people

* Dr. Stacey E. Rosen (Volunteer President)
* Nancy Brown (CEO)

Website| heart.org

The American Heart Association (AHA) is a nonprofit organization in the United States that funds cardiovascular medical research, educates consumers on healthy living and fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke. They are known for publishing guidelines on cardiovascular disease and prevention, standards on basic life support, advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), pediatric advanced life support (PALS), and in 2014 issued the first guidelines for preventing strokes in women.[1] The American Heart Association is also known for operating a number of highly visible public service campaigns starting in the 1970s, and also operates several fundraising events.

Originally formed in Chicago in 1924,[2][3] the American Heart Association is currently headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It was originally headquartered in New York City.[2][3] The American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency.[4] The mission of the organization, updated in 2018, is "To be a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier lives."[5] The organization's work can be divided into five key areas: research; heart and brain health; equitable health; advocacy; and professional education and development.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 1924–1980s
* 1.2 1990s–2000s
* 1.3 2012–present: Recent events and activities
* 2 Focus areas
* 2.1 Research
* 2.1.1 Strategically Focused Research Network (SFRN)
* 2.2 Heart and brain health
* 2.2.1 Go Red for Women
* 2.2.2 Be the Beat
* 2.2.3 American Heart Association CEO Roundtable
* 2.2.4 American Stroke Association
* 2.2.5 R.A.P.I.D.O. Campaign
* 2.2.6 Know Diabetes By Heart
* 2.2.7 Check. Change. Control.
* 2.2.8 Nation of Lifesavers
* 2.2.9 Life's Essential 8
* 2.3 Equitable Health
* 2.3.1 Social Impact Fund
* 2.3.2 Hispanic Serving Institution Scholars Program
* 2.3.3 Historically Black Colleges and Universities Scholars Program
* 2.3.4 HeartCorps
* 2.4 Advocacy
* 2.4.1 Clean Indoor Air
* 2.4.2 No Surprise Medical Billing
* 2.4.3 Food is Medicine Research Initiative
* 2.4.4 You're the Cure
* 2.4.5 Sugary Beverage Opposition
* 2.5 Professional education and development
* 2.5.1 Second Century of Science Initiative
* 2.5.2 Get With the Guidelines
* 3 Fellowship
* 3.1 Key people
* 4 Publications
* 4.1 Journals
* 4.2 CPR Standards
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

### 1924–1980s

A health promotion coordinator at Fleet Activities Sasebo, from Augusta, Ga., checks a sailor's blood pressure.

In 1924, cardiologists Paul Dudley White, Hugh D. McCulloch, Joseph Sailer, Robert H. Halsey, James B. Herrick, and Lewis A. Conner,[6] formed the Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease as a professional society for doctors. In 1949, the American Heart Association received $1.5 million (equivalent to $17–20 million today) from individual listeners of a nationwide radio contest. The fundraiser, called The Walking Man, aired on the popular program Truth or Consequences, which was sponsored by Duz dishwashing liquid (a product of Procter & Gamble). More than two million letters were submitted by listeners, each averaging a donation of 70 cents. The outpouring of support marked a major turning point for the Association, enabling it to fund scientific research and launch national public health initiatives.[7][8] Since 1949, it has funded over $6.1 billion in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and brain health research.[9][10] The organization, now known as the American Heart Association, consists of over 33 million volunteers who are dedicated to improving heart health and reducing deaths from cardiovascular diseases.[11]

In the 1950s and 1960s, the American Heart Association published several reports and guidelines focused on recommended lifestyles to improve cardiovascular health. This included a 1957 report that said: (1) Diet may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, (2) The fat content and total calories in the diet are probably important factors, (3) The ratio between saturated and unsaturated fat may be the basic determinant, and (4) A wide variety of other factors besides fat, both dietary and non-dietary, may be important.[12]

In 1956, the American Heart Association issued its first scientific statement on smoking and heart disease, noting evidence of a possible link between tobacco use and cardiovascular deaths. The Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health, during the 1960s, later recorded that the AHA was among several medical organizations to publicly identify smoking as an important health hazard associated with heart and lung disease.[13][14][15]

By 1961, these findings had been strengthened, leading to the new 1961 American Heart Association recommendations: (1) Maintain a correct body weight, (2) Engage in moderate exercise, e.g., walking to aid in weight reduction, (3) Reduce intake of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Increase intake of polyunsaturated fat, (4) Men with a strong family history of atherosclerosis should pay particular attention to diet modification, and (5) Dietary changes should be carried out under medical supervision. These recommendations continued to become more precise from 1957 to 1980, but there maintained "a general coherence among them".[12]

In 1966, research supported by the American Heart Association provided evidence linking high blood pressure to reduced life expectancy and increased complications such as heart enlargement and vascular damage. The findings helped establish hypertension as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.[16]

### 1990s–2000s

In 1994, the Chronicle of Philanthropy, an industry publication, released the results of the largest study of charitable and non-profit organization popularity and credibility. The study showed that the American Heart Association was ranked as the fifth "most popular charity/non-profit in America" of over 100 charities researched, with 95 percent of Americans over the age of 12 choosing the Love and Like A lot description categories.[17]

In 1998, the AHA created the American Stroke Association to help prevent strokes, improve treatments, and maximize recoveries. In 2003, the two organizations created the Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program.[18] It is a voluntary registry that hospitals can use to receive the latest scientific treatment guidelines.[19] The program also collects data on patient characteristics, hospital adherence to guidelines, and patient outcomes.[18]

In 2004 the American Heart Association launched the "Go Red for Women" campaign[20] specifically targeting women, with information about risks and action they can take to protect their health.[21] All revenues from the local and national campaigns go to support awareness, research, education and community programs to benefit women.[22][21]

In 2008, the AHA recommended "hands only" CPR as an option for bystanders who want to help keep a cardiac arrest victim alive.[23][24] This method removes the practice of performing rescue breaths and depends solely on chest compressions.[23]

On November 30, 2009, the American Heart Association announced a new cardiac arrest awareness campaign called Be the Beat.[25] The campaign has sought to use fun ways to teach 12- to 15-year-olds the basics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The AHA has also taught them how to use an automated external defibrillator [AED].

### 2012–present: Recent events and activities

Representatives from the American Heart Association meeting with US Representative Martha Roby

In 2012, the AHA renewed its focus on hands-only CPR by carrying out a national campaign to educate more people on how to perform this method. Jennifer Coolidge was a spokesperson for the campaign.[26][27]

It also carried out a campaign in 2012 to educate more people on how to carry out hands-only CPR.[26][27][28] The 2012 campaign, which began in New York City, had Jennifer Coolidge as the spokesperson.[29]

In 2013, the American Heart Association issued a joint guideline recognizing obesity as a disease and recommending its treatment by weight loss.[30]

In 2014, the American Heart Association issued its first guidelines for preventing strokes in women.[1] Just as heart attack systems differ between men and women, men and women also face different stroke risks. For women, the guidelines for preventing strokes focus on factors such as birth control, pregnancy, and depression.[1]

In 2015, the American Heart Association officially endorsed the Tobacco 21 campaign, urging local, state and national governments to raise the tobacco and nicotine sales age from 18 to 21.[31]

In 2016, the American Heart Association, Verily Life Sciences, and AstraZeneca invested $75 million in the One Brave Idea program. The money was awarded to institutions researching new biomarkers, such as genetic and molecular factors, that put individuals at risk for atherosclerosis.[32][33] It was hoped that the research would help the AHA reach its goals of increasing cardiovascular health by 20% and reducing cardiovascular mortality by 20% by 2020.[33]

In November 2017, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, along with nine other professional groups, issued new guidelines lowering the threshold for diagnosing high blood pressure from 140/90 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg.[34][35] The change, the first in fourteen years, was intended to help identify cardiovascular risks earlier and encourage intervention before medication is needed.[35][36] The following year in 2018, the organizations jointly released updated cholesterol management guidelines recommending the use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring by clinicians to determine proper management of plaque buildup.[37]

In 2018, the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology issued new guidelines for clinicians on the management of cholesterol as a way to reduce risk for heart attack and stroke. Newly included in the guidelines is a recommendation to use the coronary artery calcium score if healthcare providers are having difficulty deciding if a patient could benefit from statin medications or should focus solely on lifestyle modifications. The cholesterol guidelines were last updated in 2013.[38]

In 2020 and 2021, the annual flagship meeting of the organization was held virtually owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed as an in-person conference in 2022.[39]

In June 2024, the American Heart Association celebrated its 100 year anniversary of its founding.[40] With the official celebration of its founding, the association was recognized as the nation's oldest and largest voluntary organization dedicated to fighting heart disease and stroke.[41] The association held CPR training, where in many places the first hundred or so people to participate in the 5-minute training were given take-home CPR kits.[42]

A 2026 survey by the Annenberg Public Policy Center found that the American Heart Association was the most trusted source of public health information after respondents' own physicians.[43]

## Focus areas

Some of the American Heart Association's research, campaigns, and other work are included here.

### Research

Since 1949, the association has funded over $6.1 billion in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and brain health research.[44][10]

#### Strategically Focused Research Network (SFRN)

In 2014, the American Heart Association announced the Strategically Focused Research Network initiative to address "key strategic issues as determined by the AHA Board of Directors." Some of the topics focused on by SFRNs include hypertension, heart failure, heart disease, and health technologies and innovation.[45][46]

### Heart and brain health

#### Go Red for Women

The Go Red for Women campaign started in 2004 to raise awareness that women, and not only men, are vulnerable to heart disease.[47] Between 2016 and 2021, the American Heart Association invested $20 million in the Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network. The SFRN also received $52 million from the National Institutes of Health.[47]

In 2017, the Go Red National Leadership Council was started to engage female executives in the campaign. Additional projects associated with the campaign include Research Goes Red and National Wear Red Day.[47]

As of 2023, over 900,000 women have joined the campaign and receive updates on what they can do to improve their heart health. The campaign's social media channels had audiences of over 5.3 million in 2022.[47]

Also in 2023, Miss America's Scholarship Foundation, a 501(c)(3), announced a 3-year commitment supporting the American Heart Association's women's initiative, Go Red for Women®. This initiative raises funds and awareness of women's heart health and brings fitness initiatives back to the national Miss America competition stage after the swimsuit portion was scrapped in 2018.[48]

#### Be the Beat

The "Be the Beat" challenge encourages people to learn CPR.[47]

#### American Heart Association CEO Roundtable

The CEO Roundtable was formed in 2013 and focuses on implementing evidence-based approaches to workplace health. In 2020, the CEOs of CVS Health, Walgreens Boots Alliance, and US Foods joined the association.[49] In 2023, there were almost 50 Fortune 100 CEOs in the association.[50]

#### American Stroke Association

In 1998, the association created the American Stroke Association to help prevent strokes, improve treatments, and maximize recoveries. In 2003, the two organizations created the Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program.[51] It is a voluntary registry that hospitals can use to receive the latest scientific treatment guidelines.[52] The program also collects data on patient characteristics, hospital adherence to guidelines, and patient outcomes.[51]

The American Heart Association announced in October 2024 a grant aimed at improving heart health in rural communities by funding initiatives that address healthcare access and education. This support is expected to enhance resources for the prevention and treatment of heart disease in underserved areas.[53]

#### R.A.P.I.D.O. Campaign

This 2023 Spanish-language campaign works to raise awareness among Hispanic Americans about stroke symptoms. The acronym stands for:[54][55]

* Rostro caído (face drooping)
* Alteración del equilibrio (loss of balance or lack of coordination)
* Pérdida de fuerza en el brazo (arm weakness)
* Impedimento visual repentino (sudden vision difficulty)
* Dificultad para hablar (slurred or strange speech)
* Obtén ayuda, llama al 911 (get help, call 911)

The American Stroke Association has launched a new Spanish-language website, to educate Hispanic and Latino communities about stroke recognition, prevention, and recovery.[56]

#### Know Diabetes By Heart

This is a joint campaign from the American heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. It works to raise awareness about the connection between diabetes and heart disease.[57][58] The AHA reports that adults with diabetes are 2–4 times more likely to die from heart disease than adults without diabetes.[57]

#### Check. Change. Control.

The "Check. Change. Control." program is an evidence-based hypertension management program that encourages blood pressure self-monitoring. In 2019 it was used by more than 315,000 people.[59]

#### Nation of Lifesavers

This program was started in 2023 to "educate and prepare teens and adults to be confident to save life in a cardiac emergency." More than 350,000 people have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests each year, and this program wants to help improve their survival rate.[60]

As part of National Wear Red Day, Buffalo Bills NFL player Damar Hamlin joined the American Heart Association at the Empire State Building to raise awareness about heart health.[61] Hamlin, who survived a cardiac arrest on the field during a January 2023 game versus the Cincinnati Bengals, shared his experience of how a direct hit caused his heart to stop and emphasized the importance of heart health and emergency response. Cardiologist Dr. Joseph Puma highlighted that timely medical attention, including heart scans, can prevent life-threatening events, urging individuals to seek care if experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, or other warning signs of heart issues.[61][62]

In January 2025, Hamlin partnered with the American Heart Association to promote CPR and AED awareness through a PSA for the Nation of Lifesavers initiative. In the campaign, Hamlin emphasized the importance of immediate CPR and AED use, which he credited with saving his life.[63]

#### Life's Essential 8

Life's Essential 8 (LE8) are cardiovascular health measurements shared by the AHA. Previously the measurements were known as the LE7, but in 2022 the AHA added sleep health as an additional behavioral metric. The other metrics look at body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, smoking, physical activity, and diet.[64][65]

### Equitable Health

The American Heart Association's 2024 Impact Goal states, "Every person deserves the opportunity for a full, healthy life. By 2024, as champions for health equity, the American Heart Association will advance cardiovascular health for all, including identifying and removing barriers to health care access and quality."[66]

#### Social Impact Fund

The AHA's Social Impact Fund is a nationwide fund that provides financial resources for "evidence-based, community driven entrepreneurial solutions that help remove the social and economic barriers to equitable health and drive economic empowerment, healthy food access, affordable housing, access to quality healthcare, transportation, educational opportunities, and reduce recidivism."[67]

Organizations that have received funding include:

* Sakan Community Resource[67]
* Hmong American Farmers Association[67]
* Better Futures Minnesota[67]
* Sidekick Mobile Technologies[68]
* Sweet Potato Patch[69]

#### Hispanic Serving Institution Scholars Program

The HSI scholarship program is for any students enrolled in public health and healthcare focused programs at 18 Hispanic-serving colleges and universities.[70][71] The program's goal is to increase representation in health-care.[72] Students in the program are paired with volunteer mentors. They develop and present a research project that addresses basic, clinical, and educational science, receive a stipend, and participate in professional development workshops.[71]

#### Historically Black Colleges and Universities Scholars Program

The HBCU Scholars program pairs students with a local American Heart Association researcher and was created to "support the development of minority scientists and healthcare professionals," and increase the number of minority students who apply and are accepted into biomedical and health science programs.[73][74] Students and researchers study the impact of cardiovascular disease in their community, learn the factors affecting vulnerable populations, and sample areas of scientific inquiry.[74] Students also receive financial stipends.[75]

#### HeartCorps

HeartCorps is the American Heart Association's Public Health AmeriCorps program and is designed to drive equitable heath in rural America. As of November 2022, twenty-six states participated in the program.[76]

### Advocacy

#### Clean Indoor Air

The American Heart Association supports legislation that creates smoke-free workplaces and public spaces.[77] Starting in 2014, the AHA called for regulations for e-cigarettes to prevent young people from becoming addicted to nicotine, referencing studies that suggest that e-cigarettes can be a gateway drug.[78]

#### No Surprise Medical Billing

The American Heart Association supports the No Surprises Act, stating it will keep costs and premiums down and encourage more people to seek care from healthcare professionals.[79]

#### Food is Medicine Research Initiative

In 2022, the American Heart Association, the Rockefeller Foundation, Kroger, and other partners announced a plan to build a national Food is Medicine Research Initiative to help provide concrete evidence that food-as-medicine programs improve health.[80]

In September 2023, the AHA partnered with the National Association of Chain Drug Stores, the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the Food is Medicine Institute at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University to launch Nourish My Health. It is a national public education campaign that promotes the protective health benefits of nutritious food.[81]

#### You're the Cure

You're the Cure is the national grassroots network of the American Heart Association.[82]

#### Sugary Beverage Opposition

In 2016, voters in San Francisco, Oakland, and Albany, California, approved ballot measures implementing a one-cent-per-ounce tax on sugar-sweetened beverages, while Boulder, Colorado, passed a similar tax at two cents per ounce. Public health advocates, including the American Heart Association, supported the measures as tools to reduce obesity and related health issues. The American Beverage Association opposed the taxes, arguing they are ineffective and burdensome to consumers, and emphasized industry efforts to reduce sugar content and promote healthier choices through education and product reformulation.[83]

In 2017, the American Heart Association called for improving diet quality among SNAP recipients, including restricting the purchase of sugary drinks with benefits. Citing health risks and related cost savings, the proposal has gained support from some policymakers but faces opposition from retailers. Potential changes may be addressed in the upcoming Farm Bill reauthorization.[84]

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association released a joint statement urging policies to reduce children's consumption of sugary drinks, including taxes, marketing restrictions, and clearer labeling. They cited health risks such as obesity and diabetes, while the American Beverage Association opposed the proposals, highlighting industry efforts to reduce sugar and promote consumer choice.[85]

In 2024, in Santa Cruz, California, beverage industry companies spent $1.2 million opposing Measure Z, a local tax on sugary drink distributors. While the industry cites a 2018 state law banning such taxes, experts argue the tax is legal and that the ban may be unconstitutional. Measure Z aims to reduce sugary drink consumption and fund community programs, reflecting similar efforts in other California cities. Supporters see it as a way to restore local control and limit industry influence on public health policies.[86]

In May 2025, Santa Cruz implemented a voter-approved tax of 2 cents per ounce on sugar-sweetened beverages, becoming the first California city to enact such a measure since a statewide moratorium on new local soda taxes was established in 2018. The measure was supported by the American Heart Association, which cited public health concerns and praised the city's efforts to counteract what it described as misinformation campaigns by the beverage industry.[87]

### Professional education and development

The American Heart Association publishes healthcare guidelines, statements, and performance measures. A small sample of these professional education and development resources include:

* Information to prevent strokes, improve treatments, and maximize recoveries[88]
* Lifestyle recommendations to improve cardiovascular health[12]
* Guidelines to prevent strokes in women[1]
* High blood pressure definitions[35]
* Management guidelines to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in adults with Type 2 diabetes[89]
* Scientific statements on specific diseases[90]
* Care guidelines for cardiovascular attacks[91]
* Scientific statements looking at specific healthcare practices, such as shared decision-making[92]

The AHA also holds an annual Scientific Sessions meeting, which covers several days and a number of medical/healthcare topics; and hosts an International Stroke Conference.[93][94][95]

#### Second Century of Science Initiative

The Second Century of Science Initiative was announced in 2023 as part of the AHA's plans to celebrate its first 100 years. Under the Initiative, the AHA awarded $20 million in grants to over 100 scientists in the U.S. The grants were awarded in three categories: the Second Century Implementation Science Award, the Second Century Early Faculty Independence Award, and the Clinical Fellow Research Education Program [44]

#### Get With the Guidelines

In 2003, the AHA and the American Stroke Association created the Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke program.[96] It is a voluntary registry that hospitals can use to receive the latest scientific treatment guidelines.[97] The program also collects data on patient characteristics, hospital adherence to guidelines, and patient outcomes.[96]

## Fellowship

American Heart Association, Fellowship of the American Heart Association's Stroke Council

Fellowship is open to wide-ranged medical professionals (physicians, scientists, etc.) who demonstrate a major and productive interest in cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The association has 16 different councils. Members (at the Premium Professional or Premium Professional Plus level) of one of these councils can apply for Fellowship. All applicants from all councils will be evaluated against the same criteria. Fellows are entitled to use the post-nominal designation FAmerican Heart Association (Fellow of the American Heart Association), which reflects not only the professional stature of the Fellow but also their record of valuable service to the association and the council. In addition, American Heart Association fellowship offers several benefits; e.g., reduced subscription rates for all American Heart Association print journals and reduced registration fees for American Heart Association Scientific Sessions.[98][99]

### Key people

Nancy Brown has been the CEO of the American Heart Association since 2009.[100][101]

Keith B. Churchwell served a one-year term as the volunteer president from July 1, 2024, until June 30, 2025.[102]

Dr. Stacey E. Rosen is the current volunteer president for American Heart Association, with her term starting on July 1, 2025, running until June 30, 2026.[103]

## Publications

### Journals

The following journals are published by the American Heart Association:

* Hypertension
* Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
* Stroke
* Circulation
* Circulation Research
* Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology[104]
* Journal of the American Heart Association
* Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine
* Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
* Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions
* Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
* Circulation: Heart Failure
* Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology
* Annals of Internal Medicine: Clinical Cases

### CPR Standards

* Basic life support
* Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
* Pediatric advanced life support (PALS), co-branded with the American Academy of Pediatrics

## See also

* American College of Cardiology
* American Heart Association Paul "Bear" Bryant Awards
* American Heart Month
* Automated external defibrillator (AED)
* American Stroke Association

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "First guidelines issued to prevent stroke in women". CBS News. 6 February 2014. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/first-guidelines-issued-to-prevent-stroke-in-women/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "American Heart Association | AHA Stock Price, Company Overview & News" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/companies/american-heart-association/.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "American Heart Association Records". https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8wq0b39/.
4. ↑ Shepard, W. P. (1950-11-01). "The American Heart Association as a National Voluntary Public Health Agency". Circulation 2 (5): 736–741. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.2.5.736. PMID 14783826.
5. ↑ "About Us" (in en). https://www.heart.org/en/about-us.
6. ↑ Fisher, Jeffrey (2000-08-29). "Lewis A. Conner". Circulation (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)) 102 (9): 1062–1067. doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.9.1062. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 10961973.
7. ↑ "TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES (Audio)" (in en). http://www.jimramsburg.com/truth-or-consequences-audio.html.
8. ↑ Moore, William W. (1983). Fighting for Life: A History of the American Heart Association 1911–1975 (Dallas: American Heart Association, 1983). Dallas, TX.
9. ↑ "American Heart Association invests in the future of heart and brain health research" (in en). 2023-07-21. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230721/American-Heart-Association-invests-in-the-future-of-heart-and-brain-health-research.aspx.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Gordon, Ashley (2025-09-19). "American Heart Association Amplifies Impact of Research with Open Policies" (in en-US). https://sparcopen.org/news/2025/american-heart-association-amplifies-impact-of-research-with-open-policies/.
11. ↑ "American Heart Association Records". https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8wq0b39/.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Kritchevsky, David (9 April 1997). "History of Recommendations to the Public about Dietary Fat". Experimental Biology 97, Evolution of Ideas about the Nutritional Value of Dietary Fat. New Orleans, LA: American Society for Nutritional Science. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/128/2/449S.full.
13. ↑ Study Group on Smoking and Health (1957-06-07). "Smoking and Health". Science 125 (3258): 1129–1133. doi:10.1126/science.125.3258.1129. Bibcode: 1957Sci...125.1129S. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.125.3258.1129.
14. ↑ Heitman, Kris. "Historic Public Health Report Marks 60th Anniversary" (in en). https://nihrecord.nih.gov/2024/02/16/historic-public-health-report-marks-60th-anniversary.
15. ↑ "Smoking and Health Report". https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cases/tobacco/nnbbmq.pdf.
16. ↑ "From Cause to Cure - Heart Dissease". https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/partners/microsites/fromcausetocure/heart_disease/3.html.
17. ↑ "The Charities Americans Like Most And Least," The Chronicle of Philanthropy, December 13, 1996 and USA Today, December 20, 1994, "Charity begins with health", FINAL 01D
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Ormseth, Cora H; Sheth, Kevin (2 June 2017). "The American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care". Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2 (2): 94–105. doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000092. PMID 28959497.
19. ↑ Semancik, Alex (2023-10-02). "Memorial Health System recognized by American Heart Association" (in en). https://www.wtap.com/2023/10/02/memorial-health-system-recognized-by-american-heart-association/.
20. ↑ "History of the American Heart Association". American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/-/media/files/about-us/history/history-of-the-american-heart-association.pdf.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Go Red for Women: Nearly 20 Years of Much Progress, Some Setbacks" (in en). 2023-02-03. https://www.tctmd.com/news/go-red-women-nearly-20-years-much-progress-some-setbacks.
22. ↑ "About Go Red". goredforwomen.org. https://www.goredforwomen.org.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Hands-only CPR as effective as traditional, studies show - CNN.com" (in en). http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/07/28/chest.compressions/index.html.
24. ↑ Cabrini, L; Biondi-Zoccai, G (2010). "Bystander-initiated chest compression-only CPR is better than standard CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest". HSR Proceedings in Intensive Care & Cardiovascular Anesthesia 2 (4): 279–285. PMID 23439400.
25. ↑ "Association's Campaign Inspires Teens to Use CPR, AEDs to Save Lives". http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/associations-campaign-inspires-teens-to-use-cpr-aeds-to-save-lives-78125492.html.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Centofanti, Deena (June 6, 2012). "'Stifler's mom' helping promote hands only CPR". Fox 2 Detroit. http://www.myfoxdetroit.com/story/18721365/stiflers-mom-helping-promote-hands-only-cpr.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Masters, Maria (June 6, 2012). "The New Rules of CPR". Family Circle. http://momster.familycircle.com/blog/the-new-rules-of-cpr.
28. ↑ Pedro F. Frisneda/EDLP (June 6, 2012). "Neoyorquinos aprenden a salvar vidas". ImpreMedia. http://www.eldiariony.com/Neoyorquinos_aprenden_a_salvar_vidas.
29. ↑ "Media Center". American Heart Association. http://www.pimsmultimedia.com/AHA_STAYIN/media.php.
30. ↑ Jensen, MD; Ryan, DH; Apovian, CM; Ard, JD; Comuzzie, AG; Donato, KA; Hu, FB; Hubbard, VS et al. (24 June 2014). "2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society.". Circulation 129 (25 Suppl 2): S102-38. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee. PMID 24222017. PMC 5819889. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2018/05/01/doctors-urged-to-treat-obesity-as-a-disease-under-new-guidelines.
31. ↑ "States Should Heed Strong Support for Raising Tobacco Age of Sale, Says American Heart Association | American Heart Association". http://newsroom.heart.org/news/states-should-heed-strong-support-for-raising-tobacco-age-of-sale-says-american-heart-association.
32. ↑ "MIT shares $75 million grant to fight heart disease" (in en). 2016-10-05. https://news.mit.edu/2016/mit-shares-75-million-grant-fight-heart-disease-1005.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Pattani, Aneri (2016-12-22). "Rise in heart disease deaths sends experts down new paths" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/22/as-heart-disease-deaths-rise-health-experts-focus-on-prevention.html.
34. ↑ Park, Alice. "Almost Half of Americans Have High Blood Pressure Under New Guidelines" (in en). TIME. https://time.com/5022440/high-blood-pressure-guidelines/. Retrieved 2025-12-11.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Bernstein, Lenny; Eunjung Cha, Arianna (13 November 2017). "Blood pressure of 130 is the new 'high,' according to first update of guidelines in 14 years". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/11/13/blood-pressure-of-130-is-the-new-high-according-to-first-update-of-guidelines-in-14-years/.
36. ↑ Treene, Alayna (2017-11-14). "An additional 30 million U.S. adults will now be considered hypertensive" (in en). https://www.axios.com/2017/12/15/an-additional-30-million-us-adults-will-now-be-considered-hypertensive-1513306914.
37. ↑ Pavlovic, Jelena (7 April 2025). "Guideline-Directed Application of Coronary Artery Calcium Scores for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease". JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 18 (4): 465–475. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.12.008. PMID 40047745. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936878X25000373. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
38. ↑ "2018 Cholesterol Guidelines for Heart Health Announced". 10 November 2018. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/2018-cholesterol-guidelines-for-heart-health-announced.
39. ↑ Abbasi, Jennifer (23 November 2022). "Highlights From the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2022". JAMA 328 (22): 2195–2197. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.17757. PMID 36416851. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799143.
40. ↑ "American Heart Association celebrates 100 years; community learns hands-on CPR training at La Palmera Mall" (in en). 2024-06-12. https://www.kristv.com/news/local-news/american-heart-association-celebrates-100-years-community-learns-hands-on-cpr-training-at-la-palmera-mall.
41. ↑ Admin, Courier (2024-06-15). "American Heart Association Celebrates 100 years of Saving Lives" (in en-US). https://milwaukeecourieronline.com/index.php/2024/06/15/american-heart-association-celebrates-100-years-of-saving-lives/.
42. ↑ "American Heart Association celebrates 100 years; community learns hands-on CPR training at La Palmera Mall" (in en). 2024-06-12. https://www.kristv.com/news/local-news/american-heart-association-celebrates-100-years-community-learns-hands-on-cpr-training-at-la-palmera-mall.
43. ↑ "Stark Divide: Americans More Confident in Career Scientists at U.S. Health Agencies Than Leaders". https://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/stark-divide-americans-more-confident-in-career-scientists-at-u-s-health-agencies-than-leaders/.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "American Heart Association invests in the future of heart and brain health research" (in en). 2023-07-21. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230721/American-Heart-Association-invests-in-the-future-of-heart-and-brain-health-research.aspx.
45. ↑ Muntner, Paul; Becker, Richard C; Calhoun, David; Chen, Daian; Cowley, Allen W.; Flynn, Joseph T; Grobe, Justin L.; Kidambi, Srividya et al. (2016). "Introduction to the American Heart Association's Hypertension Strategically Focused Research Network". Hypertension 67 (4): 674–680. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06433. ISSN 0194-911X. PMID 26902490.
46. ↑ Zwack, Clara C.; Haghani, Milad; Hollings, Matthew; Zhang, Ling; Gauci, Sarah; Gallagher, Robyn; Redfern, Julie (2023-01-03). "The evolution of digital health technologies in cardiovascular disease research" (in en). npj Digital Medicine 6 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00734-2. ISSN 2398-6352. PMID 36596833.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 "Go Red for Women: Nearly 20 Years of Much Progress, Some Setbacks" (in en). 2023-02-03. https://www.tctmd.com/news/go-red-women-nearly-20-years-much-progress-some-setbacks.
48. ↑ "Miss America's Scholarship Foundation joins Go Red for Women to champion women's health and well-being at every age" (in en). 2023-11-28. https://newsroom.heart.org/news/miss-americas-scholarship-foundation-joins-go-red-for-women-to-champion-womens-health-and-well-being-at-every-age.
49. ↑ "Kroger's McMullen Appointed to AHA CEO Roundtable" (in en). 2020-02-18. https://progressivegrocer.com/krogers-mcmullen-appointed-aha-ceo-roundtable.
50. ↑ "NFL Expands Smart Heart Sports Coalition to Include 26 Members, Continuing to Drive CPR and AED Advocacy" (in en-US). https://www.nfl.com/playerhealthandsafety/resources/press-releases/nfl-expands-smart-heart-sports-coalition-to-include-26-members-continuing-to-dri.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Ormseth, Cora (29 May 2017). "The American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care". Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2 (2): 94–105. doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000092. PMID 28959497.
52. ↑ Semancik, Alex (2023-10-02). "Memorial Health System recognized by American Heart Association" (in en). https://www.wtap.com/2023/10/02/memorial-health-system-recognized-by-american-heart-association/.
53. ↑ Green, Grant (2024-10-10). "How the American Heart Association stroke care grant can help rural communities" (in en). https://www.dakotanewsnow.com/2024/10/10/american-heart-association-talks-about-how-wednesdays-grant-can-help-rural-communities/.
54. ↑ Murez, Cara (2023-09-15). "R.A.P.I.D.O.: Acronym & Campaign Helps Spanish Speakers Recognize a Stroke" (in en). https://magicvalley.com/life-entertainment/nation-world/wellness/r-a-p-i-d-o-acronym-campaign-helps-spanish-speakers-recognize-a-stroke/article_42b8c256-7f96-5451-8bae-0af17d884ce4.html.
55. ↑ jamiebell (2023-09-21). "ASA seeks to 'empower' Hispanic-Latino communities with promotion of RÁPIDO acronym" (in en-GB). https://neuronewsinternational.com/asa-seeks-to-empower-hispanic-latino-communities-with-promotion-of-rapido-acronym/.
56. ↑ Julie Washington, cleveland com (2024-09-30). "American Stroke Association creates Spanish-language stroke website to educate, eliminate barriers" (in en). https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2024/09/american-stroke-association-creates-spanish-language-stroke-website-to-educate-eliminate-barriers.html.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Angela Bassett Reveals Her Mother Died From Heart Disease and Diabetes" (in en-US). 2019-05-30. https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a27663670/angela-bassett-heart-disease-diabetes/.
58. ↑ John Mayer, Melissa (1 December 2020). "Most With Diabetes May Be at Very High Risk of Fatal Heart Disease in 10 Years". https://www.everydayhealth.com/type-2-diabetes/people-with-type-2-diabetes-at-high-risk-of-fatal-stroke-heart-attack-in-years-study-finds/.
59. ↑ "'Check It! Challenge' could lead to lower risk of heart disease and stroke". https://www.wnypapers.com/news/article/current/2022/12/26/153533/check-it-challenge-could-lead-to-lower-risk-of-heart-disease-and-stroke.
60. ↑ Report, GCM Staff (2023-09-27). "Damar Hamlin partners with American Heart Association for PSA on heart health, safety" (in en). https://gulfcoastmedia.com/stories/damar-hamlin-partners-with-american-heart-association-for-psa-on-heart-health-safety,186849.
61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Carlin, Dave (2024-02-02). "Buffalo Bills player Damar Hamlin raises awareness for American Heart Month - CBS New York" (in en-US). https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/damar-hamlin-cardiac-arrest-american-heart-month-awareness-empire-state-building/.
62. ↑ WKRC, Liz Bonis (2024-09-23). "Damar Hamlin heart event inspires free CPR training at Paycor Stadium with Bengals players" (in en). https://local12.com/news/local/damar-hamlin-heart-event-inspires-free-cpr-training-at-paycor-stadium-with-bengals-players.
63. ↑ "Pittsburgh-born NFL player Damar Hamlin delivers PSA for Nation of Lifesavers initiative - CBS Pittsburgh" (in en-US). 2025-01-30. https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/damar-hamlin-pittsburgh-nfl-safety-delivers-psa-nation-of-lifesavers/.
64. ↑ Paharia, Pooja Toshniwal (2023-08-18). "Predicting risk of cardiovascular events with Life's Essential 8 scores" (in en). https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230818/Predicting-risk-of-cardiovascular-events-with-Lifes-Essential-8-scores.aspx.
65. ↑ "Healthier Diet and Exercise Linked to Heart Health, While Skipping Meals and Diet Pills Fail for Weight Loss" (in en-US). 2023-05-02. https://neurosciencenews.com/weight-loss-heart-healt-23166/.
66. ↑ Maness, Tracy. "Giving Tuesday match doubles donations to American Heart Association" (in en). Houston Chronicle. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/neighborhood/fort-bend/article/Giving-Tuesday-donations-to-American-Heart-16655816.php.
67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 "Three Twin Cities social entrepreneurs receive funding to break down racial and health disparity barriers" (in en). 2021-05-07. https://www.postbulletin.com/rochester-in-color/three-twin-cities-social-entrepreneurs-receive-funding-to-break-down-racial-and-health-disparity-barriers.
68. ↑ Gatling, Paul (2023-01-18). "American Heart Association backs $2M seed round for Bentonville startup Sober Sidekick" (in en-US). https://talkbusiness.net/2023/01/american-heart-association-backs-2m-seed-round-for-bentonville-startup-sober-sidekick/.
69. ↑ "South Side food delivery startup, American Heart Association tackle COVID-19 race disparity" (in en). 2020-04-24. https://chicago.suntimes.com/coronavirus/2020/4/23/21232076/sweet-potato-patch-american-heart-association-tackle-covid-19-racial-disparity-healthy-meal.
70. ↑ Vasil, Jim (2023-04-14). "'Everything is possible': Sisters who fled turmoil in Venezuela to attend Columbia University" (in en-US). https://pix11.com/news/local-news/new-jersey/everything-is-possible-sisters-who-fled-political-turmoil-in-venezuela-to-attend-columbia-university-medical-school/.
71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Taylor, Sheryl E. (October 20, 2022). "American Heart Association Announces 2022-2023 HSI Scholars" (in en-us). https://news.uhd.edu/american-heart-association-announces-2022-23-hsi-scholars/.
72. ↑ "American Heart Association HSI Scholars Share Research Findings" (in en-US). https://www.montclair.edu/newscenter/american-heart-association-hsi-scholars-share-research-findings/.
73. ↑ Coulter, Elyse (2021-08-13). "American Heart Association announces HBCU Scholar Program for Dayton area" (in en). https://dayton247now.com/news/local/american-heart-association-announces-hbcu-scholar-program-for-dayton-area.
74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 "American Heart Association Launches HBCU Scholars Program Focused on Increasing Diversity in Cardiovascular Research". December 24, 2019. https://healthcarejournalno.com/news/american-heart-association-launches-hbcu-scholars-program-focused-on-increasing-diversity-in.
75. ↑ "American Heart Association and CareSource honor 5 HBCU students to combat racial inequality" (in en). 2022-10-25. https://www.whio.com/news/local/american-heart-association-caresource-honor-5-hbcu-students-combat-racial-inequality/Q6COMMF4XBCTRA6BANOCSGDC6M/.
76. ↑ "AHA launches HeartCorps program to improve rural health" (in en). 2022-11-03. https://lacrossetribune.com/community/westbytimes/aha-launches-heartcorps-program-to-improve-rural-health/article_66e9ea52-5bb4-11ed-a73d-3bc15d76e203.html.
77. ↑ "Legislation hearing could ban smoking inside New Jersey casinos - CBS Philadelphia" (in en-US). 2023-03-09. https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/lawmakers-smoking-ban-atlantic-city-casinos-new-jersey/.
78. ↑ Szabo, Liz (Aug 25, 2014). "Heart group calls on FDA to quickly regulate e-cigs" (in en-US). https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/25/electronic-cigarette-statement/14450967/.
79. ↑ Wilson, Megan (2021-12-19). "'A lot of money on the table': Fight brews over surprise medical bills" (in en). https://www.politico.com/news/2021/12/19/surprise-medical-bills-insurance-525304.
80. ↑ Burky, Annie (27 February 2023). "As SNAP benefits wane, food-as-medicine companies carve out a niche in healthcare". https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/digital-health/snap-benefits-wane-food-medicine-platforms-carve-out-niche-healthcare.
81. ↑ Levy, Sandra (2023-09-28). "NACDS, health orgs kick off Nourish My Health campaign" (in en). https://drugstorenews.com/nacds-health-orgs-kick-nourish-my-health-campaign.
82. ↑ Leader, Stuttgart Daily (2023-05-25). "Local volunteer advocate Cori Keller in the nation's capital today to meet with Arkansas Congressmen on food and nutrition programs" (in en-US). https://www.stuttgartdailyleader.com/local-volunteer-advocate-cori-keller-in-the-nations-capital-today-to-meet-with-arkansas-congressmen-on-food-and-nutrition-programs/.
83. ↑ Aubrey, Allison (2016-11-09). "Souring On Sweet? Voters In 4 Cities Pass Soda Tax Measures" (in en). NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/11/09/501472007/souring-on-sweet-voters-in-4-cities-pass-soda-tax-measures.
84. ↑ "American Heart Association wants soda out of SNAP | Grocery Dive" (in en-US). https://www.grocerydive.com/news/grocery--american-heart-association-wants-soda-out-of-snap/535266/.
85. ↑ Meyer, Zlati. "Soda taxes, ad limits, better labels: Doctors want to limit sugary drinks for kids, teens" (in en-US). https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/03/25/sugary-drinks-kids-pediatricians-and-heart-group-demand-curbs/3245314002/.
86. ↑ Adler, Dr John Maa and Sabrina (2024-10-30). "Big Soda's ads on Santa Cruz's Measure Z fail to tell the full story" (in en-US). http://lookout.co/big-sodas-ads-on-santa-cruzs-measure-z-fail-to-tell-the-full-story/story.
87. ↑ "MSN". https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/heres-why-santa-cruz-just-added-a-soda-tax-in-defiance-of-a-statewide-ban/ar-AA1E0XAf?ocid=BingNewsSerp.
88. ↑ Ormseth, Cora H; Sheth, Kevin N; Saver, Jeffrey L; Fonarow, Gregg C; Schwamm, Lee H (2017-05-29). "The American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care". Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2 (2): 94–105. doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000092. ISSN 2059-8696. PMID 28959497.
89. ↑ Joseph, Joshua J. (2022). "Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association". Circulation 145 (9): e722–e759. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001040. ISSN 1524-4539. PMID 35000404.
90. ↑ Cotts, Timothy B. (Apr 21, 2017). "AHA Scientific Statement on Kawasaki Disease". https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2017/04/21/11/45/diagnosis-treatment-and-long-term-management-of-kawasaki-disease.
91. ↑ "AHA: Wider Temperature Management Range Okay in Cardiac Arrest Care" (in en). 2023-08-17. https://www.tctmd.com/news/aha-wider-temperature-management-range-okay-cardiac-arrest-care.
92. ↑ "American Heart Association Issues Scientific Statement on Shared Decision-Making and Cardiovascular Health" (in en). 2023-08-16. http://www.dicardiology.com/content/american-heart-association-issues-scientific-statement-shared-decision-making-and.
93. ↑ "AHA announces late-breaker lineup to be presented at 2023 Scientific Sessions" (in en). Cardiology Today. Healio. September 27, 2023. https://www.healio.com/news/cardiology/20230927/aha-announces-latebreaker-lineup-to-be-presented-at-2023-scientific-sessions.
94. ↑ Branca, Malorye (2023-02-02). "Smartphone App Helps Detect Stroke Early" (in en-US). https://www.insideprecisionmedicine.com/news-and-features/smartphone-app-helps-detect-stroke-early/.
95. ↑ Association, American Heart. "Scientific statement provides guidance on staffing, resource requirements for stroke centers" (in en). https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-scientific-statement-guidance-staffing-resource.html.
96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Ormseth, Cora (2 June 2017). "The American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care". Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2 (2): 94–105. doi:10.1136/svn-2017-000092. PMID 28959497.
97. ↑ Semancik, Alex (2023-10-02). "Memorial Health System recognized by American Heart Association" (in en). https://www.wtap.com/2023/10/02/memorial-health-system-recognized-by-american-heart-association/.
98. ↑ "Fellow of the American Heart Association (FAHA)". https://professional.heart.org/en/partners/fellow-of-aha.
99. ↑ CPR Certification Guide
100. ↑ Innovates, Dallas; Cummings, Kevin (2022-08-03). "Dallas' American Heart Association-Backed Fund Raises Nearly $42M to Invest in Health Tech" (in en-US). https://dallasinnovates.com/dallas-american-heart-association-backed-fund-raises-nearly-42m-to-invest-in-health-tech/.
101. ↑ Gaudin, Sharon (2016-12-01). "American Heart Association looks for cure in the cloud" (in en). https://www.computerworld.com/article/3146566/american-heart-association-looks-for-cure-in-the-cloud.html.
102. ↑ "Introducing AHA's new president: Keith B. Churchwell, MD" (in en). Journal of the American Heart Association 13 (15). 2024. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.036260. PMID 39051521.
103. ↑ "Dr. Stacey Rosen is rewriting the script on women's heart health" (in en). 2025-07-25. https://www.newsweek.com/womens-global-impact-2025-stacey-rosen-2103765.
104. ↑ "Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology". https://www.ahajournals.org/journal/circep.

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