BRAC

Predecessor|

* Building Resources Across Communities
* Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee
* Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee

Formation| 1972 (1972)
Founder| Fazle Hasan Abed
Type| Non-profit
Purpose| International development
Headquarters| Dhaka, Bangladesh

Key people

| Fazle Hasan Abed, Chairperson

Revenue (2016)

1. REDIRECT Template:BDT

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6053.7 crore (Template:BDTConvert/out)[1]
Expenses (2016)|

1. REDIRECT Template:BDT

* From a page move: This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.

4323.3 crore (Template:BDTConvert/out)[2]

Staff (2016)

| 97,742[3]
Website| brac.net

BRAC, an international development organisation based in Bangladesh, is the largest non-governmental development organisation in the world, in terms of number of employees as of September 2016.[4][5][6] Established by Sir Fazle Hasan Abed in 1972 after the independence of Bangladesh, BRAC is present in all 64 districts of Bangladesh as well as 13 other countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.[citation needed]

BRAC states that it employs over 100,000 people, roughly 70 percent of whom are women, and that it reaches more than 126 million people with its services.[7][non-primary source needed][8] The organisation is partly self-funded through a number of social enterprises that include a dairy and food project, a chain of retail handicraft stores called Aarong, seed and Agro[clarification needed], and chicken. BRAC has operations in 14 countries of the world.[7][non-primary source needed]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Programmes
* 2.1 Economic development
* 2.2 Education
* 2.3 Public health
* 2.4 Disaster relief
* 3 Partnership with the Nike Foundation
* 4 BRAC donors
* 5 Countries where BRAC operates
* 6 Honours and awards
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links

## History

Sir Fazlé Hasan Abed, founder of BRAC

Known formerly as the Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee, then as the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, and later as Building Resources Across Communities,[9] BRAC was initiated in 1972 by Sir Fazlé Hasan Abed at Shallah Upazillah in the district of Sunamganj as a small-scale relief and rehabilitation project to help returning war refugees after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.[10] 14 thousand homes had to be rebuilt as part of the relief effort, as well as several hundred fishing boats; BRAC claims to have done this within nine months, as well as opening medical centres and providing other essential services.[11][non-primary source needed]

Until the mid-1970s, BRAC concentrated on community development through village development programmes that included agriculture, fisheries, cooperatives, rural crafts, adult literacy, health and family planning, vocational training for women and construction of community centres. A Research and Evaluation Division (RED) was set up to evaluate its activities and decide direction, and in 1977, BRAC began taking a more targeted approach by creating Village Organisations (VO) to assist the landless, small farmers, artisans, and vulnerable women. That same year BRAC set up a commercial printing press to help finance its activities. The handicraft retail chain called Aarong, was established the following year.[12]

In 1979, BRAC entered the health field by establishing a nationwide Oral Therapy Extension Programme (OTEP), a campaign to combat diarrhoea, the leading cause of the high child mortality rate in Bangladesh.[13][page needed] Non Formal Primary Education was started by BRAC in 1985.[14]

In 1986, BRAC started its Rural Development Programme that incorporated four major activities – institution building including functional education and training, credit operation, income and employment generation and support service programmes.[citation needed]

In 1991, the Women's Health Development program commenced. The following year BRAC established a Centre for Development Management (CDM) in Rajendrapur.[citation needed]

Its Social Development, Human Rights and Legal Services programme was launched in 1996.[citation needed]

In 1998, BRAC's Dairy and Food project was commissioned.[citation needed] BRAC launched an Information Technology Institute the following year.[citation needed]

In 2001, BRAC established a university called BRAC University.[15]

## Programmes

BRAC has done what few others have – they have achieved success on a massive scale, bringing life-saving health programs to millions of the world's poorest people. They remind us that even the most intractable health problems are solvable, and inspire us to match their success throughout the developing world.

Bill Gates, Co-chair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Global Health Award, 2004

### Economic development

Microfinance, introduced in 1974, is BRAC's oldest programme. It spans all districts of Bangladesh.[16][17] It provides collateral-free loans to mostly poor, landless, rural women, enabling them to generate income and improve their standards of living.[16][17] BRAC's microcredit program has funded over $1.9 billion in loans in its first 40 years.[citation needed] 95% of BRACs microloan customers are women.[18] According to BRAC, the repayment rate is over 98%.[19]. BRAC started community empowerment programme back in 1988 all over the country.

BRAC founded its retail outlet, Aarong (Bengali for "village fair") in 1978 to market and distribute products made by indigenous peoples. Aarong services about 65,000 artisans, and sells gold and silver jewelry, hand loom, leather crafts, etc.[12]

### Education

BRAC is one of the largest NGOs involved in primary education in Bangladesh.[20] As of the end of 2012, it had more than 22,700 non-formal primary schools with a combined enrolment of 670,000 children.[19][non-primary source needed] Its schools constitute three-quarters of all NGO non-formal primary schools in the country.[20]

BRAC's education programme provides non-formal primary education to those left out of the formal education system, especially poor, rural, or disadvantaged children, and drop-outs.[18] Its schools are typically one room with one teacher and no more than 33 students. Core subjects include mathematics, social studies and English. The schools also offer extracurricular activities.[20] They incentivise schooling by providing food, allowing flexible learning hours, and conferring scholarships contingent on academic performance.[21]

Bangladesh has reduced the gap between male and female attendance in schools.[21] The improvement in female enrollment, which has largely been at the primary level, is in part attributable to BRAC.[20] Roughly 60% of the students in their schools are girls.[18]

### Public health

BRAC started providing public healthcare in 1972 with an initial focus on curative care through paramedics and a self-financing health insurance scheme. The programme went on to offer integrated health care services.[citation needed]

A BRAC community health worker conducting a survey in the Korail slum, Bangladesh

BRAC's 2007 impact assessment of its North West Microfinance Expansion Project testified to increased awareness of legal issues, including those of marriage and divorce, among women participants in BRAC programs. Furthermore, women participants' self-confidence was boosted and incidence of domestic violence were found to have declined.[22] One of the most prominent forms of violence against women, acid throwing, has been decreasing by 15-20% annually since the enactment in 2002 of legislation specifically targeting acid violence.[23]

### Disaster relief

BRAC conducted one of the largest NGO responses to Cyclone Sidr which hit vast areas of the south-western coast in Bangladesh in mid-November 2007.[citation needed] BRAC distributed emergency relief materials, including food and clothing, to over 900,000 survivors, provided medical care to over 60,000 victims and secured safe supplies of drinking water. BRAC is now focusing on long-term rehabilitation, which will include agriculture support, infrastructure reconstruction and livelihood regeneration.[24][non-primary source needed]

## Partnership with the Nike Foundation

BRAC has a collaboration with Nike's Girl Effect campaign to launch a new program to reach out to teenagers in Uganda and Tanzania.[25][non-primary source needed]

## BRAC donors

In 2006 BRAC received donations from Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) and Government of the Netherlands / Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN).

In 2011 the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) joined the list of BRAC donors.

In 2012 the Department for International Development (DFID), Government of the UK and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and Australian Government (SPA) (under the strategic partnership arrangement) became BRAC donors as well. [26]

## Countries where BRAC operates

* Asia: Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan , Philippines , Nepal, Myanmar
* Africa: Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan, Liberia, Sierra Leone
* Caribbean: Haiti
* BRAC provides technical assistance to organisations in Haiti, Sudan, and Indonesia
* BRAC has affiliate organisations in the United Kingdom and United States

## Honours and awards

* Number one NGO in the world, 2017 by NGO Advisor[27]
* Number one NGO in the world, 2016 by NGO Advisor[28]

## See also

* ASA (NGO)
* Grameen Bank
* TMSS (NGO)

## References

1. ↑ "Bangladesh Annual Report". http://www.brac.net/images/reports/2016/Bangladesh-Annual-Report-2016.pdf.
2. ↑ "Bangladesh Annual Report". http://www.brac.net/images/reports/2016/Bangladesh-Annual-Report-2016.pdf.
3. ↑ "December 2016". http://hrd.brac.net/circular/pdf_file/staffposition/December 2016.PDF.
4. ↑ "A creative response to the challenge for change". Dhaka Tribune. http://archive.dhakatribune.com/op-ed/2016/apr/27/creative-response-challenge-change.
5. ↑ "NGO founder: Sustainable Development Goals will work". https://www.euractiv.com/section/development-policy/interview/ngo-founder-sustainable-development-goals-will-work/.
6. ↑ "BRAC in business". The Economist. 18 February 2010. http://www.economist.com/node/15546464. "Called BRAC, it is by most measures the largest, fastest-growing non-governmental organisation (NGO) in the world".
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "BRAC at a Glance". http://www.brac.net/partnership?view=page.
8. ↑ Alice Korngold, 17 May 2011, "BRAC Is The Largest Global Anti-Poverty Organization, And It’s A Secret" at fastcompany.com Accessed 4 April 2017
9. ↑ Abed, Fazle Hasan. "BRAC: Building Resources Across Communities, The Coproduction of Governance: Civil Society, the Government, and the Private Sector". Harvard University. https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/102991.pdf. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
10. ↑ "Interview with Fazle Hasan Abed". Harvard Business School. http://www.hbs.edu/businesshistory/emerging-markets/pages/profile-detail.aspx?profile=fhabed.
11. ↑ Annual Report, 1990, BRAC
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "This ethical brand began in 1978"... "supports 65,000 artisans with fair terms" in about-aarong at aarong.com Accessed 6 April 2017
13. ↑ Chowdhury, A. M. Raza; Cash, Richard A. (1996). A Simple Solution: Teaching Millions to Treat Diarrhoea at Home. Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Press. ISBN 9840513419.
14. ↑ Daniel Schugurensky: 1985 - BRAC begins non-formal primary education for poor children in Bangladesh, History of Education: Selected Moments of the 20th Century at schugurensky.faculty.asu.edu Accessed 6 April 2017
15. ↑ "BRAC University was established by BRAC in 2001" at bracu.ac.bd/academia/ Accessed 8 April 2017
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Microfinance". http://www.brac.net/content/microfinance.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Barber, Ben (May 2002). "No Free Lunch". World & I 17 (5). https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-86396661.html.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "BRAC Bangladesh Annual Report 2014" (PDF). http://brac.net/sites/default/files/ar2014/BRAC-annual-report-14.pdf.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "BRAC at a Glance". December 2012. http://www.brac.net/sites/default/files/BRAC-at-a-glance-december-2012.pdf.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Ardt, Kalene; Hastings, Chas; Hopkins, Katie; Knebel, Robin; Loh, Jun; Woods, Rodney (2005). "Report on Primary Education in Bangladesh: Challenges and Successes". Stanford University School of Medicine. http://rih.stanford.edu/rosenfield/resources/Primary Education in Bangladesh.pdf.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Gender Differences". http://sanisoft.tripod.com/bdeshedu/gender.html.
22. ↑ Rogers, Cate; O'Farrell, Sue-Ellen (October 2008). "Microfinance, gender and aid effectiveness". http://www.ode.ausaid.gov.au/publications/documents/microfinance-issues-note.pdf.
23. ↑ Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School, and the New York City Bar Association (2011). "Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia" (PDF). http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/news-center/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf.
24. ↑ Annual Report, 2007
25. ↑ "Nike Foundation and Buffetts join to invest $100 million in girls" (PDF) (Press release). Nike Foundation. 28 May 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2011.
26. ↑ https://www.brac.net/water-sanitation-hygiene/item/828-donors-and-partners
27. ↑ "NGO Advisor". https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ong/brac/.
28. ↑ "BRAC ranked number one NGO in the world". http://www.brac.net/component/k2/item/978-brac-ranked-number-one-ngo-in-the-world.

## Further reading

* Banu, Dilruba, Fehmin Farashuddin, Altaf Hossain, and Shahnuj Akter. "Empowering Women in Rural Bangladesh: Impact of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee's Impact." (n.d.): n. pag. BRAC. Web.
* Chowdhury, M. Jahangir Alam; Ghosh, Dipak; Wright, Robert E. (2005). "The impact of micro-credit on poverty: evidence from Bangladesh". Progress in Development Studies 5 (4): 298–309. doi:10.1191/1464993405ps116oa.
* Rohde, J. E. "BRAC- Learning To Reach Health For All." Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 84.8 (2006): 682-83. Web.
* "World Winners From WISE." Education Journal 130 (2011): 32. Web.
* Smillie, Ian. Freedom From Want: The Remarkable Success Story of BRAC, the Global Grassroots Organization That's Winning the Fight Against Poverty, 2009.
* Lovell, Catherine. Breaking the Cycle of Poverty: The BRAC Strategy, 1992.
* Is Bigger Better?, Forbes.
* Creating Emerging Markets Project, Sir Fazle Hasan Abed
* Tran, Mark (13 February 2012). "Brac programme lifting 'ultra-poor' out of poverty in Bangladesh". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2012/feb/13/brac-lifts-ultra-poor-out-poverty?newsfeed=true.

## External links

* BRAC University
* BRAC Research and Evaluation Division
* BRAC Bank
* BRACNet Limited
* e-hut
* An Army of Housewives Battles TB in Bangladesh, The New York Times
* "Titans of Aid". http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/titansofaid/pip/7vmv0/.
* The Story of BRAC, PBS
* Girl Effect, BRAC's partnership with Nike

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