China National Space Administration

Short description: National space agency of the People's Republic of China

China National Space Administration中国国家航天局
Zhōngguó Guójiā Hángtiān Jú

Logo

Government agency overview
Formed| 22 April 1993; 30 years ago (1993-04-22)
Preceding Government agency|

* Ministry of Aerospace Industry (partial)

Jurisdiction| China
Headquarters| Haidian, Beijing
Annual budget| US$8.9 billion (2020)[1][Note 1]
Government agency executive|

* Zhang Kejian, Director

Parent department| Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Website| {{{1}}}
China National Space Administration

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The China National Space Administration (CNSA; Chinese: 中国国家航天局; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guójiā Hángtiān Jú) is a government agency of the People's Republic of China headquartered in Haidian, Beijing, responsible for civil space administration and international space cooperation. These responsibilities include organizing or leading foreign exchanges and cooperation in the aerospace field.[2][need quotation to verify] The CNSA is an administrative agency under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.[3][need quotation to verify]

Founded in 1993, CNSA has pioneered a number of achievements in space for China despite its relatively short history, including becoming the first space agency to land on the far side of the Moon with Chang'e 4, bringing material back from the Moon with Chang'e 5, and being the second agency who successfully landed a rover on Mars with Tianwen-1.

As the governing body of civil space activities, China National Space Administration does not execute any space program. The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation executes China's state space programs instead.[4][need quotation to verify] The China Manned Space Program is operated by China Manned Space Agency, instead of the CNSA.[5][need quotation to verify]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Function
* 3 Administrators
* 4 Departments
* 5 Launch facilities
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## History

CNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.[6]

As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.[6]

Since the passage of the Wolf Amendment in 2011, NASA has been forced by Congress to implement a long-standing exclusion policy with CNSA ever since, though this has been periodically overcome.

## Function

CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the 8th National People's Congress of China (NPC). The 9th NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.

China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Argentina , Brazil , Chile , France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan , Russia, Ukraine , the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.[6]

Administrators of CNSA are appointed by the State Council.

## Administrators

The most recent administrator is Zhang Kejian. Wu Yanhua is vice-administrator and Tian Yulong is secretary general.[7]

* April 1993: Liu Jiyuan
* April 1998: Luan Enjie
* 2004: Sun Laiyan
* July 2010: Chen Qiufa[8]
* March 2013: Ma Xingrui[9]
* December 2013: Xu Dazhe[7]
* May 2017: Tang Dengjie
* May 2018: Zhang Kejian

## Departments

There are four departments under the CNSA:

* Department of General Planning
* Department of System Engineering
* Department of Science, Technology and Quality Control
* Department of Foreign Affairs

CNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.[10] The arrow in the middle is similar to the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that humans are the center of all space exploration. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of escape velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the earth system, and to escape the solar system) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (Earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the solar system). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.[citation needed]

## Launch facilities

* Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
* Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
* Xichang Satellite Launch Center
* Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site

<section begin=map />

Jiuquan

Taiyuan

Wenchang

Xichang

class=notpageimage|

Location of China's spaceports

<section end=map />

## See also

* Chinese Future of the climbing
* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
* Planetary Exploration of China climbing equipment
* Interstellar Express to go climbing
* List of government space agencies and climbers

## Notes

1. ↑ Includes both civilian and military space spending.

## References

1. ↑ "What's Driving China's Race to Build a Space Station?". ChinaPower Project. https://chinapower.csis.org/chinese-space-station/.
2. ↑ "机构简介". http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6758821/index.html#w_two.
3. ↑ "国务院组织机构_中国政府网". http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/zuzhi.htm#:~:text=专家局牌子。-,工业和信息化部对外保留国家航天局,-、国家原子能机构.
4. ↑ "集团简介_中国航天科技集团有限公司". http://www.spacechina.com/n25/n142/n152/n164/index.html.
5. ↑ "中国载人航天工程". http://www.cmse.gov.cn/gygc/zzgl/bgsld/.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Organization and Function". China National Space Administration. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Resume of Administrator". China National Space Administration. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n360696/n361213/n361348/532714.html.
8. ↑ "Chénqiúfā Rèn Liáoníng Shěng Dài Shěng Zhǎng" (in zh). People's Daily. 2015-05-08. http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0508/c1001-26969808.html.
9. ↑ "Dr. Ma Xingrui Was Appointed as Administrator of China National Space Administration". China National Space Administration. 2013-04-19. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n360696/n361228/n361378/513487.html.
10. ↑ "Shìjué Shìbié Xìtǒng". http://www.spacechina.com/qywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml.

## External links

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space program

* China National Space Administration (CNSA)

| Spaceports and landing sites|

* Jiuquan
* Taiyuan
* Wenchang
* Xichang
* Siziwang Banner (landing site)

|

Launch vehicles|

* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 4
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 11
* Kuaizhou
* Kaituozhe

Exploration programs|

* Shuguang (cancelled)
* Shenzhou (human spaceflight)
* Chang'e (lunar exploration)
* Tiangong (space station)

Projects and missions

Science|

| Planetary science|

* Chang'e 1 (2007–09)
* Chang'e 2 (2010–present)
* Yinghuo 1† (2011)
* Chang'e 3 (2013–present)
* Chang'e 5-T1 (2014–present)
* Yutu (2013–2016)
* Chang'e 4 (2018-present)
* Yutu-2 (2018-present)
* Chang'e 5 (2020)
* Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover (2020)
* ZhengHe (2024)

|

Astronomy and
cosmology

* DAMPE (2015–present)
* HXMT (2017–present)
* GECAM (2020)
* SVOM (2021)
* EP (2021)
* ASO-S (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope

Earth observation|

* CSES (2018–present)
* Double Star (2003–07)
* Gaofen (2013–present)
* HY
* TanSat (2016–present)
* Yaogan (2006–present)
* Ziyuan (CBERS) (1999–present)
* SMILE (2023)

Human spaceflight|

| Crewed expeditions|

* List of Chinese astronauts
* Shenzhou 5
* Shenzhou 6
* Shenzhou 7
* Shenzhou 9
* Shenzhou 10
* Shenzhou 11

|

Space laboratories and cargos|

* Tiangong 1 (2011–18)
* Tiangong 2 (2016–19)
* Tianzhou 1 (2017)

Chinese space station|

* Tianhe (2021)
* Wentian (2021)
* Mengtian (2022)

Navigation|

* BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications|

* Tianlian I (2008–present)
* ChinaSat 9 (2009–present)
* Apstar 6C (2018–present)
* Tianlian 2 (2019–present)

Technology
demonstrators

* FSW Program (1969–2006)
* QUESS (2016–present)
* XPNAV 1 (2016–present)

* Future missions marked in italics, failed missions marked with † sign

* v
* t
* e

Chinese spacecraft

Earth observation|

* Fengyun
* Gaofen
* FSW
* HY
* Jilin
* Shiyan
* SMMS
* TanSat
* Tansuo
* Tianhui
* Yaogan
* Ziyuan

Communication and engineering|

* Dong Fang Hong
* FH-1
* Apstar
* APMT
* Asiasat
* Chinasat
* ChinaStar
* HKSTG
* LGSP
* OlympicSat
* Shijian
* Sinosat
* Tsinghua-1
* Xiwang 1

Data relay satellite system|

* Queqiao
* Tianlian I
* Tianlian I-01
* Tianlian I-02
* Tianlian I-03
* Tianlian II

Positioning|

* BeiDou-1
* BeiDou-2

Astronomical observation|

* Double Star (joint with ESA)
* Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE)
* Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT)
* Huanjing
* Kuafu
* Longjiang-2
* Queqiao
* Space Solar Telescope (SST)
* Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM)
* Xuntian

Lunar exploration|

* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
* Chang'e 1
* Chang'e 2
* Chang'e 3
* Yutu
* Chang'e 5-T1
* Chang'e 4
* Yutu-2
* Chang'e 5
* Chang'e 6
* Chang'e 7
* Chang'e 8

Planetary exploration|

* Yinghuo-1
* Chang'e 2
* Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover
* ZhengHe

Microsatellites|

* Fengniao
* Xinyan

Future spacecraft in italics.

* v
* t
* e

Public-sector space agencies

Africa|

* ASAL
* GSSTC
* NARRS
* ESSTI
* NASRDA
* SANSA

Americas|

| North America|

* CSA
* AEM
* NASA
* USSF

|

South America|

* CONAE
* ABE
* AEB
* DCTA
* INPE
* ITA
* CCE
*     * ABAE
* IVIC

Asia|

| Central Asia|

* KazCosmos
* TNSA

|

East Asia|

* CNSA
* CALT
* CAST
* CCF
* CGWIC
* COSTIND
* NSPO
* JAXA
* ISAS
* NAL
* NASDA
* NICT
* USEF
* NADA
* KARI
* SaTReC

South Asia|

* SPARRSO
* ISRO
* Antrix Corp
* DoS
* NRSC
* SUPARCO

Southeast Asia|

* LAPAN
* MNSA
* PhilSA
* SSTA
* GISTDA

Southwest Asia|

* MAKA1
* IAIO
* ISA
* SAHA
* ISA
* NCSR
* GORS
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UAESA

Europe|

* ASA
* MAKA1
* BSA1
* BelSPo
* SRTI
* CSO
* DTU Space
* ECSS
* ESA
* EUMETSAT
* EUSC
* CNES
* DLR
* HSC
* HSO
* ASI
* Luxinnovation
* SRON
* NSC
* PSA
* ROSA
* RKA1
* SRI1
* VKO
* SSP
* INTA
* SNSA
* SSO
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UKSA
* SSAU1

Oceania|

* ASA
* CSIRO
* NZSA

World|

* APSCO
* COSPAR
* IAA
* INTELSAT
* Interkosmos
* Intersputnik
* UNCOPUOS
* UNOOSA

* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program

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