China National Space Administration

Short description: National space agency of the People's Republic of China

This page is about the administrative office for China's civil space programs and international space cooperation. For the operator of China's state space programs, see China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. For the office for China's human spaceflight program, see China Manned Space Agency. For other uses, see CNSA (disambiguation).

China National Space Administration国家航天局

Agency overview
Abbreviation| CNSA
Formed| 22 April 1993; 33 years ago (1993-04-22)
Preceding agency|

* Ministry of Aerospace Industry (partial)

Type| Space agency
Jurisdiction| State Council of the People's Republic of China
Headquarters| Haidian, Beijing

Administrator

| Zhang Kejian
Vice Administrator| Xu Zhanbin
Chief Engineer| Li Guoping
Secretary-General| Xu Hongliang
Primary spaceport|

* Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
* Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
* Xichang Satellite Launch Center
* Wenchang Space Launch Site

Annual budget|  US$18.15 billion (2023) 28.54% increase [1][Note 1]
Website| {{{1}}}
China National Space Administration

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The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of China. Headquartered in Haidian, Beijing, it is responsible for China's civil space programs and international space cooperation. The CNSA is a national bureau under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.[2]

Founded in 1993, the CNSA has pioneered a number of achievements in space for China despite its relatively short history, including becoming the first space agency to land on the far side of the Moon with Chang'e 4, bringing material back from the Moon with Chang'e 5 and 6, and being the second agency who successfully landed a rover on Mars with Tianwen-1. Tianwen-2 is en route to explore the co-orbital near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa and the active asteroid 311P/PanSTARRS and collecting samples of the regolith of Kamo'oalewa.[3]

As the governing body of civil space activities, China National Space Administration does not execute any space program. The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation executes China's state space programs instead.[4][need quotation to verify] The China Manned Space Program is operated by China Manned Space Agency, instead of the CNSA.[5][need quotation to verify]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Function
* 3 Administrators
* 4 Departments
* 5 Launch facilities
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## History

CNSA is an agency created in 1993 when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). The former was to be responsible for policy, while the latter was to be responsible for execution. This arrangement proved somewhat unsatisfactory, as these two agencies were, in effect, one large agency, sharing both personnel and management.[6]

As part of a massive restructuring in 1998, CASC was split into a number of smaller state-owned companies. The intention appeared to have been to create a system similar to that characteristic of Western defense procurement in which entities which are government agencies, setting operational policy, would then contract out their operational requirements to entities which were government-owned, but not government-managed.[6]

Since the passage of the Wolf Amendment in 2011, NASA has been forced by Congress to implement a long-standing exclusion policy with CNSA ever since, though this has been periodically overcome.

In 2021, China began building the Tiangong space station, which consists of three modules designated for crew, cargo, and research. The construction was completed in late 2022, and there are plans to add an additional three modules.

In 2024, China announced that it will undertake 100 space missions, a significant increase from the 70 missions conducted in 2023 this is mostly satellites, testing, crew replacement, cargo, and more.

## Function

CNSA was established as a government institution to develop and fulfill China's due international obligations, with the approval by the 8th National People's Congress of China (NPC). The 9th NPC assigned CNSA as an internal structure of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND). CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations, inter-governmental scientific and technical exchanges; and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the national space science, technology and industry.

China has signed governmental space cooperation agreements with Argentina, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, India, Italy, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some other countries. Significant achievements[which?] have been scored in the bilateral and multilateral and technology exchanges and cooperation.[6]

## Administrators

The most recent administrator is Zhang Kejian. Wu Yanhua is vice-administrator and Tian Yulong is secretary general.[7]

* April 1993: Liu Jiyuan
* April 1998: Luan Enjie
* 2004: Sun Laiyan
* July 2010: Chen Qiufa[8]
* March 2013: Ma Xingrui[9]
* December 2013: Xu Dazhe[7]
* May 2017: Tang Dengjie
* May 2018: Zhang Kejian

## Departments

There are four departments under the CNSA:

* Department of General Planning
* Department of System Engineering
* Department of Science, Technology and Quality Control
* Department of Foreign Affairs

CNSA's logo is a similar design to that of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.[10] The arrow in the middle is similar to the Chinese character 人 which means 'human' or 'people', to state that humans are the center of all space exploration. The three concentric ellipses stand for three types of escape velocity (minimum speed needed to reach sustainable orbits, to escape the Earth system, and to escape the Solar System) which are milestones of space exploration. The second ring is drawn with a bold line, to state that China has passed the first stage of exploration (Earth system) and is undergoing the second stage exploration (within the Solar System). The 人 character stands above the three rings to emphasize humanity's capability to escape and explore. Olive branches were added to state that China's space exploration is peaceful in nature.

## Launch facilities

* Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
* Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
* Xichang Satellite Launch Center
* Wenchang Space Launch Site

<section begin=map />

Jiuquan

Taiyuan

Wenchang

Xichang

class=notpageimage|

Location of China's spaceports

<section end=map />

## See also

* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
* Planetary Exploration of China
* Tiangong space station

## Notes

1. ↑ Includes both civilian and military space spending.

## References

1. ↑ "Global governmental spending on space programs of leading countries 2022" (in en). https://www.statista.com/statistics/745717/global-governmental-spending-on-space-programs-leading-countries/.
2. ↑ "Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2024". https://media.defense.gov/2024/Dec/18/2003615520/-1/-1/0/MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA-2024.PDF.
3. ↑ Gibney, Elizabeth (30 April 2019). "China plans mission to Earth's pet asteroid". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01390-5. PMID 32346150. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01390-5. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
4. ↑ "集团简介_中国航天科技集团有限公司". http://www.spacechina.com/n25/n142/n152/n164/index.html.
5. ↑ "中国载人航天工程". http://www.cmse.gov.cn/gygc/zzgl/bgsld/.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Organization and Function". China National Space Administration. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Resume of Administrator". China National Space Administration. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n360696/n361213/n361348/532714.html.
8. ↑ "Chénqiúfā Rèn Liáoníng Shěng Dài Shěng Zhǎng" (in zh). People's Daily. 2015-05-08. http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0508/c1001-26969808.html.
9. ↑ "Dr. Ma Xingrui Was Appointed as Administrator of China National Space Administration". China National Space Administration. 2013-04-19. http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n360696/n361228/n361378/513487.html.
10. ↑ "Shìjué Shìbié Xìtǒng". http://www.spacechina.com/qywh_qysbxt_sjsbxt.shtml.

## External links

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space program

* China National Space Administration (CNSA)

| Spaceports and landing sites|

* Jiuquan
* Taiyuan
* Wenchang
* Xichang
* Siziwang Banner (landing site)

|

Launch vehicles|

* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 4
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 11
* Kuaizhou
* Kaituozhe

Exploration programs|

* Shuguang (cancelled)
* Shenzhou (human spaceflight)
* Chang'e (lunar exploration)
* Tiangong (space station)

Projects and missions

Science|

| Planetary science|

* Chang'e 1 (2007–09)
* Chang'e 2 (2010–present)
* Yinghuo 1† (2011)
* Chang'e 3 (2013–present)
* Chang'e 5-T1 (2014–present)
* Yutu (2013–2016)
* Chang'e 4 (2018-present)
* Yutu-2 (2018-present)
* Chang'e 5 (2020)
* Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover (2020)
* ZhengHe (2024)

|

Astronomy and
cosmology

* DAMPE (2015–present)
* HXMT (2017–present)
* GECAM (2020)
* SVOM (2021)
* EP (2021)
* ASO-S (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope

Earth observation|

* CSES (2018–present)
* Double Star (2003–07)
* Gaofen (2013–present)
* HY
* TanSat (2016–present)
* Yaogan (2006–present)
* Ziyuan (CBERS) (1999–present)
* SMILE (2023)

Human spaceflight|

| Crewed expeditions|

* List of Chinese astronauts
* Shenzhou 5
* Shenzhou 6
* Shenzhou 7
* Shenzhou 9
* Shenzhou 10
* Shenzhou 11

|

Space laboratories and cargos|

* Tiangong 1 (2011–18)
* Tiangong 2 (2016–19)
* Tianzhou 1 (2017)

Chinese space station|

* Tianhe (2021)
* Wentian (2021)
* Mengtian (2022)

Navigation|

* BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications|

* Tianlian I (2008–present)
* ChinaSat 9 (2009–present)
* Apstar 6C (2018–present)
* Tianlian 2 (2019–present)

Technology
demonstrators

* FSW Program (1969–2006)
* QUESS (2016–present)
* XPNAV 1 (2016–present)

* Future missions marked in italics, failed missions marked with † sign

* v
* t
* e

Chinese spacecraft

Earth observation|

* Fengyun
* Gaofen
* FSW
* HY
* Jilin
* Shiyan
* SMMS
* TanSat
* Tansuo
* Tianhui
* Yaogan
* Ziyuan

Communication and engineering|

* Dong Fang Hong
* FH-1
* Apstar
* APMT
* Asiasat
* Chinasat
* ChinaStar
* HKSTG
* LGSP
* OlympicSat
* Shijian
* Sinosat
* Tsinghua-1
* Xiwang 1

Data relay satellite system|

* Queqiao
* Tianlian I
* Tianlian I-01
* Tianlian I-02
* Tianlian I-03
* Tianlian II

Positioning|

* BeiDou-1
* BeiDou-2

Astronomical observation|

* Double Star (joint with ESA)
* Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE)
* Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT)
* Huanjing
* Kuafu
* Longjiang-2
* Queqiao
* Space Solar Telescope (SST)
* Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM)
* Xuntian

Lunar exploration|

* Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
* Chang'e 1
* Chang'e 2
* Chang'e 3
* Yutu
* Chang'e 5-T1
* Chang'e 4
* Yutu-2
* Chang'e 5
* Chang'e 6
* Chang'e 7
* Chang'e 8

Planetary exploration|

* Yinghuo-1
* Chang'e 2
* Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover
* ZhengHe

Microsatellites|

* Fengniao
* Xinyan

Future spacecraft in italics.

* v
* t
* e

Chinese space facilities and organizations

Centers|

| Space cities|

* Dongfeng space city
* Beijing space city
* Wenchang space city
* Shanghai space city
* Yantai space city
* Guizhou Aerospace Industrial Park

|

Monitoring and
control centers|

* Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center
* Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Center
* Chinese Deep Space Network
* Yuanwang-class space tracking ships
* China Domestic Tracking Stations
* China Overseas Tracking Stations

Launch sites|

| Suborbital launch sites|

* Nanhui Launch Site
* Base 603

|

Orbital launch sites|

* Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
* Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
* Xichang Satellite Launch Center (including Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site)

Crewed spacecraft
landing site|

* Siziwang Banner

Associated
organizations|

| Universities and institutes|

* CAS Key Laboratory of high-temperature gas dynamics
* China Aerodynamics Research & Development Center
* Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
* School of Aeronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology
* School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University
* China's Space Medical Institute

|

Ministries and agencies|

* China Ministry of Aerospace Industry
* China National Space Administration
* China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
* China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation
* China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
* Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
* Fifth Academy of the Defence Ministry
* China Aerospace Corporation

* v
* t
* e

Public-sector space agencies

Africa|

| Pan-African
and pan-Arab|

* RASCOM
* Arabsat

|

National|

* ASAL
* EgSA
* NARSS
* ESSTI
* GSSTC
* KSA
* NASRDA
* SANSA

Americas|

| North America|

* CSA
* NASA
* NESDIS
* OSC
* FAA/AST
* FCC
* USSF
* USSPACECOM
* NRO

|

Latin America
and the Caribbean|

* ALCE
* AEM
* CONAE
* ABE
* AEB
* DCTA
* INPE
* ITA
* CCE
* ABAE
* IVIC

Asia|

| Pan-Asian|

* APSCO

|

Central Asia|

* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VK
* TNSA1

East Asia|

* CNSA
* SASTIND
* CASC
* CALT
* CAST
* CCF
* CGWIC
* PLAASF
* CASIC
* JAXA
* ISAS
* JSS
* NICT
* NATA
* KASA
* KARI
* KASI
* SaTReC
* TASA

South Asia|

* SPARRSO
* ISRO2
* Antrix Corp
* DoS
* NRSC
* NSIL
* DSA
* SUPARCO

Southeast Asia|

* BRIN
* ORPA
* INASA
* MYSA
* PhilSA
* SSTL
* GISTDA
* VNSC

West Asia|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* NSSA
* NEHSA
* ISA
* ISRC
* ISA
* NCSR
* SSA
* KACST-SRI
* SSA2
* GORS
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UAESA (MBRSC)

Europe|

| Pan-European|

* CEN/CENELEC
* CEPT
* ETSI
* Eurocontrol
* ECAC
* ESA
* ECSS
* ESTEC
* EAC
* ESRIN
* ECSAT
* ESAC
* ESOC
* ESTRACK
* Guiana Space Centre
* EUMETSAT
* EUTELSAT IGO
* ESO

|

EU and EEA|

* DG DEFIS
* EUSPA
* EU SatCen
* EASA
* BEREC
* ALR2
* BELSPO
* BIRA-IASB
* SRTI2
* CSO2
* DTU Space
* ESO1
* CNES2
* AAE
* CdE
* DLR2
* HSA
* HSO2
* ASI
* LSA
* LSO1
* SRON
* NSO
* NOSA
* POLSA2
* CBK PAN
* UKE
* KRRiT
* ORO
* ULC
* PTSPACE
* ROSA2
* INTA
* AEC
* EAE
* AEE
* SNSA

Other|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* BSA1
* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VVKO
* SSO
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* SSAU1
* UKSA2

Oceania|

* ASA
* CSIRO
* NZSA

World|

* CCSDS
* CEOS
* COSPAR
* IPDA
* Cospas-Sarsat
* GEO
* GSC
* IADC
* ICSMD
* IMSO
* ISECG
* ISS MCB
* ITSO
* Intersputnik
* ODCWG
* ITU-R
* UNCOPUOS
* UNOOSA
* UNOSAT

Former|

* BNSC
* KCST
* INCOSPAR
* LAPAN
* NAL
* NASDA
* SSP
* MOM
* Interkosmos

* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program
* 2 Preceded by Interkosmos participation

* v
* t
* e

Transport in China

* History
* Proposed public transport

Government
agencies|

* Ministry of Transport
* Rail
* Aviation
* Mail
* Sea
* Space
* Hong Kong*
* Macau*

Road|

* Expressways (NTHS)
* China National Highways
* Road numbering
* Rules (Road safety law)
* Licence plates
* AH1
* Gallery road
* Zhongshan Road
* Automotive industry
* Driving License

Rail|

* History
* Eastern-Qing
* South Manchuria
* Narrow-gauge
* Passenger rail
* China Railway
* China Railway High-speed
* High-speed
* Harbin-Beijing–Guangzhou–Hong Kong
* Beijing–Kunming
* Beijing–Shanghai
* Lianyungang–Ürümqi
* Shanghai–Chengdu
* Shanghai–Kunming
* Lines
* Beijing–Harbin
* Beijing–Shanghai
* Beijing–Kowloon
* Beijing–Guangzhou
* Lanzhou–Lianyungang
* Lanzhou–Xinjiang
* Lhasa–Xigazê
* Qinghai–Tibet
* Locomotives
* Stations
* Rapid transit systems
* Maglev

Water|

| Ports|

* Chongqing
* Dalian
* Guangzhou
* Lianyungang
* Ningbo-Zhoushan
* Qingdao
* Rizhao
* Shanghai
* Yangshan
* Shenzhen
* Suzhou
* Tangshan
* Tianjin
* Xiamen
* Yingkou
* Hong Kong*

|

Canals|

* Grand Canal
* Lingqu
* Red Flag Canal
* Zhengguo Canal

Industry|

* Shipping industry
* China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
* China State Shipbuilding Corporation
* Ship lifts

Aviation|

| Major airlines|

* Air China
* Cathay Pacific* (Cathay Dragon*)
* China Southern Airlines
* China Eastern Airlines
* Hainan Airlines
* Shandong Airlines
* Shanghai Airlines
* Shenzhen Airlines
* Sichuan Airlines
* XiamenAir

|

Airports|

* By traffic
* Major Airports: Beijing Capital
* Chengdu Shuangliu
* Guangzhou Baiyun
* Hong Kong*
* Shenzhen Bao'an
* Shanghai Pudong
* Shanghai Hongqiao

Industry|

* Aviation Industry Corporation of China
* China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition
* Comac

Space|

* Spaceports
* Space program
* PLA Space Force [zh; zh; 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天系统部]

Other topics|

* Transport by province or autonomous region / by city
* Bridges
* Tunnels
* Chinese New Year Transit
* Disasters

* in / related to the special administrative regions

* * *

* Category
* Economy
* Communications

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