Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe

Joint Institute for VLBI ERICFormation| 1993

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Purpose| Operate the EVN and provide support to VLBI astronomers.
Location|

* 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

Website| http://www.jive.eu

The Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE) was formed in 1993 by the European Consortium for VLBI, and since then, it is the central facility of the European VLBI Network (EVN). In 2015, JIVE became a European Research Infrastructure Consortium[1]. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy. It allows observations of an object that are made simultaneously by many telescopes to be combined, emulating a telescope with a size equal to the maximum separation between the telescopes. Normally the participating radio telescopes function individually, working on their own specific projects. In the case of VLBI, they all observe the same source at the same time, allowing much higher spatial resolution. There are many complex and challenging hurdles that need to be overcome to enable this effort. One challenge is the data processing requirement. JIVE operates the "EVN Data Processor" - a special-purpose supercomputer for astronomical VLBI data correlation. In a recent demonstration of JIVE[2] 14 telescopes from in Australia, Chile, China, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Puerto Rico, Spain, Sweden and the UK participated in joint observations of the active galaxy 3C120. The participating telescopes included:[3]

* the 26 meter telescope at Hobart, operated by the University of Tasmania;
* the 22m dish of Mopra, part of the Long Baseline Array, operated by CSIRO;
* the 25m dish of Sheshan near Shanghai, operated by the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
* the 14m Metsähovi dish, operated by the Aalto University;
* the 32m telescope of Toruń;
* the 32m telescope at Medicina, operated by the Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica;
* the 25m telescope at the Onsala Space Observatory;
* the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope;
* the Yebes 40m, operated by the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional;
* the 300m dish of Arecibo, located in Puerto Rico;
* the 6m dish of TIGO, operated by the Geodätisches Observatorium Wettzell.

The observations of the European VLBI Network are now carried out in real-time, thus earning the name of e-VLBI, or real-time, electronic Very Long Baseline Interferometry. The telescopes are then linked via high-speed national research and education networks (NRENs) which overcome some of the performance drawbacks of TCP/IP and UDP/IP (networking protocols) to allow sharing large volumes of data for immediate use. Such high-speed networks eliminate the shipping of disks of data from separate observations for correlation, thus allowing astronomers to respond to events as they happen in real time. The VLBI data are streamed to the JIVE, where they are correlated and the final, high-resolution image created.

JIVE is funded by the following national research councils and national facilities.

* Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
* Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
* National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF)
* National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC)
* Onsala Space Observatory (OSO)
* National Geographical Institute (IGN)
* Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR)
* Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
* National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)

## References

1. ↑ "ERIC decision for JIVE" (Press release). JIVE. 2014-12-11. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
2. ↑ "European VLBI Network to participate in "100 Hours of Astronomy" with live webcast and e-VLBI observations" (Press release). JIVE. 2009-03-16. Archived from the original on 2009-07-19. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
3. ↑ Verkouter, Harro. "April 3 and 5th 2009". Archived from the original on 2009-07-12. https://archive.is/20090712044638/http://iya.expres-eu.org/index.html. Retrieved 2009-07-15.

## External links

* JIVE Website
* Arecibo Observatory History Website
* Quasar 3C454.3 from The Institute of Physics Website

* v
* t
* e

Radio astronomy

Concepts|

* Units (watt and jansky)
* Radio telescope (Radio window)
* Astronomical interferometer (History)
* Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
* Astronomical radio source

Radio telescopes
(List)|

| Individual
telescopes|

* 500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST, China)
* Arecibo Observatory (Puerto Rico, US)
* Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO, US)
* Effelsberg Telescope (Germany)
* Galenki RT-70 (Russia)
* Green Bank Telescope (West Virginia, US)
* Large Millimeter Telescope (Mexico)
* Lovell Telescope (UK)
* Ooty Telescope (India)
* Qitai Radio Telescope (China)
* RATAN-600 Radio Telescope (Russia)
* Sardinia Radio Telescope (Italy)
* Suffa RT-70 (Uzbekistan)
* Usuda Telescope (Japan)
* UTR-2 decameter radio telescope (Ukraine)
* Yevpatoria RT-70 (Russia)

Southern Hemisphere
HartRAO (South Africa)
Parkes Observatory (Australia)
Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory (NZ)

|

Interferometers|

* Allen Telescope Array (ATA, California, US)
* Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA, Chile)
* Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA, Australia)
* Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP, Australia)
* Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME, Canada)
* Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA, California, US)
* European VLBI Network (Europe)
* Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
* Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT, India)
* Green Bank Interferometer (GBI, West Virginia, US)
* Korean VLBI Network (KVN, South Korea)
* Large Latin American Millimeter Array (LLAMA, Argentina/Brazil)
* Long Wavelength Array (LWA, New Mexico, US)
* Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR, Netherlands)
* MeerKAT (South Africa)
* Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST, Australia)
* Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN, UK)
* Murchison Widefield Array (MWA, Australia)
* Northern Cross Radio Telescope (Italy)
* Northern Extended Millimeter Array (France)
* One-Mile Telescope (UK)
* Primeval Structure Telescope (PaST, China)
* Square Kilometre Array (SKA, Australia, South Africa)
* Submillimeter Array (SMA, US)
* Very Large Array (VLA, New Mexico, US)
* Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA, US)
* Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT, Netherlands)

Space-based|

* HALCA (Japan)
* Spektr-R (Russia)

Observatories|

* Algonquin Radio Observatory (Canada)
* Haystack Observatory (US)
* Jodrell Bank Observatory (UK)
* Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (UK)
* National Radio Astronomy Observatory (US)
* Nançay Radio Observatory (France)
* Onsala Space Observatory (Sweden)
* Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory (PRAO ASC LPI, Russia)
* Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science (SAORAS, Russia)
* Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory

Multi-use|

* DRAO (Canada)
* ESA New Norcia (Australia)
* PARL (Canada)

People|

* Elizabeth Alexander
* John G. Bolton
* Edward George Bowen
* Ronald Bracewell
* Jocelyn Bell Burnell
* Arthur Covington
* Nan Dieter-Conklin
* Frank Drake
* Antony Hewish
* Karl Guthe Jansky
* Kenneth Kellermann
* Frank J. Kerr
* John D. Kraus
* Bernard Lovell
* Jan Oort
* Joseph Lade Pawsey
* Ruby Payne-Scott
* Arno Penzias
* Grote Reber
* Martin Ryle
* Govind Swarup
* Gart Westerhout
* Paul Wild
* Robert Wilson

Related articles|

* Radio propagation
* Interferometry
* Aperture synthesis
* SETI (Wow! signal, Radio signal from HD 164595)
* Pulsar timing array
* Cosmic microwave background radiation

* Submillimetre astronomy
* Infrared astronomy
* Optical astronomy
* High-energy astronomy
* Gravitational-wave astronomy

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