Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory

Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryType| Non-profit research institute

|

Founded| 1948
Headquarters| Palisades, New York

Key people

| Steven L. Goldstein, Interim Director [1]
Website| www.ldeo.columbia.edu
Gary C. Comer Building Geochemistry Building on the Lamont-Doherty (LDEO) campus

The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) is a research institution specializing in the Earth science and climate change. Though part of Columbia University, it is located on a separate closed campus in Palisades, New York.[2]

The observatory was one of the centers of research that led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics as well as many other notable scientific developments.

## Contents

* 1 Campus
* 2 Research
* 2.1 Climate change
* 2.1.1 Tree rings
* 2.1.2 Core repository
* 2.2 Earthquakes
* 2.3 Antarctic mapping
* 2.4 Other
* 3 Research vessels
* 4 Directors
* 5 Notable people
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Campus

LDEO is located in Palisades, New York on a property overlooking the Hudson River which was once the weekend residence of banker Thomas W. Lamont. It was donated to the university in 1948 by his widow, Florence Lamont.[2] In 1969, the Observatory was renamed "Lamont-Doherty" following a gift from the Henry L. and Grace Doherty Charitable Foundation.[3]

## Research

A part of the Core Repository LDEO researcher Robin Bell

### Climate change

The LDEO is a substantial source of data for the US government in relation to climate change. Faculty at the LDEO have been noted for giving climate change testimony to Congress in relation to melting ice sheets.[4] NOAA has also noted the LDEO's Global Ocean Surface Water Partial Pressure of CO2 Database as being an instrumental source of partial pressure carbon dioxide data (pCO2), which can, in turn, detail the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the earth's oceans. Many versions of the LDEO database have been published over the years, dating back to 2006.[5]

#### Tree rings

The tree-ring lab at the LDEO studies the effects on climate and climate change on trees. In an interview, Nicole Davi from the LDEO noted findings like the formation of tree-rings during extended dry seasons, as well as work being done to carbon-date trees to verify tree ring data.[6]

#### Core repository

The core repository at the LDEO stores various drilled sediment samples from the earth's oceans. The samples have been used to detail climate changes between glaciation periods, in context of dissolved elements and gases, like calcium (from shells) and carbon dioxide.[7]

### Earthquakes

A major source of past earthquake data comes from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) Earthquake Strong Motion Database.[8]

### Antarctic mapping

In 2012, Voice of America documented the work done by LDEO researcher Robin Bell, and others, in mapping the land underneath the Antarctica ice sheet. Several notable findings included the discovery of hidden rivers, hidden mountain ranges, and significant geothermal energy below the ice.[9]

### Other

Other examples of LDEO's research are:

* Seismic activity following nuclear weapons testing.[10][11]
* Continental drift: in the North Atlantic,[12] and, separately, their effects on the magnetic field.[13] * The "ocean-atmosphere system."[14]
* Future weather in El Niño events.[15]
* The relationship between weather and yields.[16]
* The relationship between rotation of the core and seismic activity.[17][18]
* The sea floor.[19]
* Ice ages.[20][21] [22]
* Solar weather.[23]
* Seismic activity on the moon.[24]

## Research vessels

The RV Marcus G. Langseth

This section is an excerpt from RV Marcus G. Langseth[ edit ]

## Directors

1. Maurice Ewing (1949–1972)[25]
2. Manik Talwani (1972–1980)
3. Neil Opdyke (1981; interim)
4. C. Barry Raleigh (1981–1989)
5. Dennis V. Kent (1989–1990; interim)
6. Gordon Eaton (1990–1994)
7. John C. Mutter (1994–1996; interim)
8. Peter M. Eisenberger (1996–1999)
9. John C. Mutter (1999–2000; interim)
10. G. Michael Purdy (2000–2011)
11. Arthur L. Lerner-Lam (2011–2012; interim)
12. Sean Solomon (2012–2020)
13. Maureen Raymo (2020–2023)
14. Stephen L. Goldstein (2023–present; interim)

## Notable people

* Robin Bell
* Wallace Smith Broecker - popularized the term global warming
* Bruce C. Heezen - mapped the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the 1950s
* Terry Plank
* Marie Tharp - oceanic cartographer whose work led to the consensus on the plate tectonics and continental drift theories.[26][27]

## References

1. ↑ "Office of the Director". LDEO. https://lamont.columbia.edu/about/office-director.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schiffman, Richard (24 Apr 2020). "The Lab That Discovered Global Warming Has Good News and Bad News". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/24/nyregion/lamont-doherty-earth-observatory-global-warming.html.
3. ↑ "Columbia Project given $7 Million". New York Times. 13 Jan 1969. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/01/13/77429645.html?pageNumber=18.
4. ↑ "Earth's Thermometers: Glacial and Ice Sheet Melt in a Changing Climate For Committee on Science Space and Technology U.S. House of Representatives". US House of Representatives. 2019-07-11. https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109739/witnesses/HHRG-116-SY00-Wstate-BellR-20190711.pdf.
5. ↑ "GLOBAL OCEAN SURFACE WATER PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 DATABASE: MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED DURING 1957–2019 (Version 2019)". NOAA. July 2019. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/LDEO_Underway_Database/NDP-088_V2019.pdf.
6. ↑ Rukovets, Olga; Planet, State of the. "What tropical trees can teach about the environment" (in en). https://phys.org/news/2022-10-tropical-trees-environment.html.
7. ↑ Pinkerton, Byrd (2023-10-10). "Mud libraries hold the story of the Earth's climate past — and foretell its future" (in en-US). https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23895684/mud-climate-science.
8. ↑ "Earthquake Strong Motion Database: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (LDEO/NCEER)". https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C1214584887-SCIOPS.html.
9. ↑ "Mapping Mountain Range Found Under Antarctic Ice" (in en). 2012-01-08. https://www.voanews.com/a/scientist-finds-mountain-range-under-antarctic-ice
136661463/169719.html.
10. ↑ Oliver, Jack; Ewing, Maurice (1958-08-15). "Seismic Surface Waves at Palisades from Explosions in Nevada and the Marshall Islands" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 44 (8): 780–785. doi:10.1073/pnas.44.8.780. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 16590271.
11. ↑ Richards, Paul G.; Won-young, Kim (2009-03-02). "Advances in Monitoring Nuclear Weapon Testing". https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~richards/my_papers/Richards&Kim2009SciAm.pdf.
12. ↑ PITMAN, WALTER C.; TALWANI, MANIK (1972). "Sea-Floor Spreading in the North Atlantic". Geological Society of America Bulletin 83 (3): 619. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[619:ssitna2.0.co;2]. ISSN 0016-7606. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[619:SSITNA]2.0.CO;2.
13. ↑ Heirtzler, J. R.; Dickson, G. O.; Herron, E. M.; Pitman, W. C.; Le Pichon, X. (1968). "Marine magnetic anomalies, geomagnetic field reversals, and motions of the ocean floor and continents". Journal of Geophysical Research 73 (6): 2119–2136. doi:10.1029/JB073i006p02119. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB073i006p02119.
14. ↑ Broecker, Wallace S.; Denton, George H. (1990). "The role of ocean-atmosphere reorganizations in glacial cycles". Quaternary Science Reviews 9 (4): 305–341. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(90)90026-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(90)90026-7.
15. ↑ Cane, Mark A.; Zebiak, Stephen E.; Dolan, Sean C. (1986). "Experimental forecasts of el Niño". Nature 321 (6073): 827–832. doi:10.1038/321827a0. https://doi.org/10.1038/321827a0.
16. ↑ Cane, Mark A.; Eshel, Gidon; Buckland, R. W. (1994). "Forecasting Zimbabwean maize yield using eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature". Nature 370 (6486): 204–205. doi:10.1038/370204a0. https://doi.org/10.1038/370204a0.
17. ↑ Song, Xiaodong; Richards, Paul G. (1996). "Seismological evidence for differential rotation of the Earth's inner core". Nature 382 (6588): 221–224. doi:10.1038/382221a0. https://doi.org/10.1038/382221a0.
18. ↑ Zhang, Jian; Song, Xiaodong; Li, Yingchun; Richards, Paul G.; Sun, Xinlei; Waldhauser, Felix (2005). "Inner Core Differential Motion Confirmed by Earthquake Waveform Doublets". Science 309 (5739): 1357–1360. doi:10.1126/science.1113193. PMID 16123296. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113193.
19. ↑ Tharp, Marie. "Connect the dots: mapping the sea floor and discovering the Mid-Ocean Ridge.". Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Twelve Perspectives on the First Fifty Years.
20. ↑ Ewing, Maurice; Donn, William L. (1956). "A Theory of Ice Ages". Science 123 (3207): 1061–1066. doi:10.1126/science.123.3207.1061. PMID 17748617. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.123.3207.1061.
21. ↑ CLIMAP Project Members (1976). "The Surface of the Ice-Age Earth". Science 191 (4232): 1131–1137. doi:10.1126/science.191.4232.1131. PMID 17781630. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.191.4232.1131.
22. ↑ Hays, J. D.; Imbrie, John; Shackleton, N. J. (1976). "Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages". Science 194 (4270): 1121–1132. doi:10.1126/science.194.4270.1121. PMID 17790893. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.194.4270.1121.
23. ↑ Bond, Gerard; Kromer, Bernd; Beer, Juerg; Muscheler, Raimund; Evans, Michael N.; Showers, William; Hoffmann, Sharon; Lotti-Bond, Rusty et al. (2001). "Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene". Science 294 (5549): 2130–2136. doi:10.1126/science.1065680. PMID 11739949. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065680.
24. ↑ Latham, Gary; Ewing, Maurice; Dorman, James; Lammlein, David; Press, Frank; Toksőz, Naft; Sutton, George; Duennebier, Fred et al. (1972). "Moonquakes and lunar tectonism". The Moon 4 (3–4): 373–382. doi:10.1007/BF00562004. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00562004.
25. ↑ "Lamont Directors 1949-Present". https://lamont.columbia.edu/about/office-director/directors-history.
26. ↑ Bizzarro, Danielle (Jul 10, 2001). "Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory Bestows Heritage Award on Marie Tharp, Pioneer of Modern Oceanography". Columbia News (Office of Public Affairs, Columbia University). http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/07/marieTharp.html.
27. ↑ Blakemore, Erin (30 August 2016). "Seeing Is Believing: How Marie Tharp Changed Geology Forever". Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/seeing-believing-how-marie-tharp-changed-geology-forever-180960192/.

## External links

* Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Website

[ ⚑ ]  41°00′14″N 73°54′25″W﻿ / ﻿41.004°N 73.907°W﻿ / 41.004; -73.907

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