Midwestern University

Short description: American graduate university

Midwestern University

Former names

| American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery, Chicago College of Osteopathy
Motto| Educating Tomorrow's Healthcare Team
Type| Private medical and professional school
Established| 1900; 123 years ago (1900)
Endowment| $193.0 million (2020)[1]
President| Kathleen H. Goeppinger

Academic staff

| 368 (Downers Grove)
393 (Glendale)
Students| 2,987 (Downers Grove)[2]
3,902 (Glendale)[3]
Location|

* Downers Grove, Illinois
[ ⚑ ] : 41°49′39″N 87°59′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.8274°N 87.9993°W﻿ / 41.8274; -87.9993
* Glendale, Arizona, United States
[ ⚑ ] 33°39′46″N 112°11′12″W﻿ / ﻿33.6629°N 112.1867°W﻿ / 33.6629; -112.1867

Campus| Suburban:
Downers Grove,
105 acres (42.5 ha);
Glendale, 156 acres (63.1 ha)
Language| English
|u}}rs|  Dark Blue
Dark Warm Grey
Light Slightly Warmer Grey
Website| www.midwestern.edu

Midwestern University (MWU) is a private medical and professional school with campuses in Downers Grove, Illinois and Glendale, Arizona. As of the 2020–21 academic year, a total of 2,987 students were enrolled at the Downers Grove campus and 3,902 were enrolled at the Glendale campus.

Founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is the fourth-oldest medical school currently active in Illinois. Over the years, the university expanded, adding additional degrees and programs; in 1993, the school united these programs under the name Midwestern University. In 1995, the school opened a campus in Glendale, Arizona, becoming the second and largest medical school to teach students in the state. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the medical schools are also accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Academics and accreditation
* 2.1 Research
* 3 Campuses
* 3.1 Downers Grove, Illinois
* 3.2 Glendale, Arizona
* 4 Patient care
* 5 Students
* 6 Alumni
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links

## History

Downers Grove, Illinois Campus

The university was founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery.[4][5] The school was the fourth medical school in the world to grant the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree, and the first in the state of Illinois.[6] Originally located on Washington Boulevard in Chicago, the school moved to Hyde Park in 1918.[7] In 1913, the school changed its name to the Chicago College of Osteopathy, eventually becoming the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine.[4]

In 1986, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine moved from its prior location in Hyde Park to a new campus in the western suburb of Downers Grove, Illinois.[5] In 1991, the Chicago College of Pharmacy opened.[5][8] The College of Health Sciences began in 1992.[5] In 1993, the board of trustees unanimously approved a single educational mission for the institution, uniting the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, the Chicago College of Pharmacy, and the Chicago College of Health Sciences into Midwestern University.[5][9][10] In 2009, the College of Dental Medicine-Illinois opened, followed by the Chicago College of Optometry in 2014[11] and the College of Graduate Studies in 2018.[5]

In 1996, the university opened a new campus in Glendale, Arizona. The first college at the Glendale campus was the Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, which began its first courses in 1996.[12][13] The college joined the University of Arizona College of Medicine as one of only two medical schools in Arizona at the time, and it remained the only osteopathic medical school in the state until AT Still University opened in Mesa in 2007.[6] In 1997, a physician assistant program was established at the Glendale campus, followed by the College of Pharmacy the next year. In 2006, the College of Dental Medicine-Arizona opened, then the Arizona College of Optometry opened in 2008, and the College of Veterinary Medicine opened in 2012.[5] The College of Health Sciences' podiatric medicine program became the Arizona College of Podiatric Medicine in 2020.[14]

Downers Grove, Illinois Campus

Glendale, Arizona Campus

In 2010, the university received a Conservation and Native Landscaping Awards from the Environmental Protection Agency for restoring 9 acres of wetland and oak-hickory woods on the Downers Grove campus.[15][16] In 2012, the Downers Grove Multispecialty Clinic opened in a five-story, 193,000 square foot building at a cost of $112 million.[17][18] Also that year, the College of Veterinary Medicine opened at the Glendale campus, at a cost of $90 million,[19][20] with a 109,000-square-foot veterinary teaching hospital, a 36,000-square-foot large animal teaching facility, and a 76,000-square-foot classroom building.[21] The school was the first veterinary medical school in the state of Arizona,[22] and was the 29th veterinary medical school in the United States.[23]

## Academics and accreditation

Midwestern University offers multiple academic programs at two campus locations. All programs are graduate-level and focus on the health professions. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.[24]

Doctoral degree programs include:

* Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
* Doctor of Dental Medicine
* Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice
* Doctor of Occupational Therapy
* Doctor of Pharmacy
* Doctor of Physical Therapy
* Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
* Doctor of Psychology
* Doctor of Optometry
* Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
* Doctor of Nursing Practice.[25][26]

The university also offers the following degrees:[25][26]

* Master of Arts (M.A.)
* Master of Biomedical Sciences (M.B.S.)
* Master of Medical Sciences (M.M.S.)
* Master of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (M.S.)
* Master of Occupational Therapy (M.O.T.)
* Master of Public Health (M.P.H.)
* Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.)
* Master of Cardiovascular Science - Perfusion (M.S.)

### Research

Midwestern University researches a variety of areas related to health and biomedical science. Areas of research include environmental toxicology (as a part of the One Health Initiative),[27] COVID-19,[28] pharmacology, physiology, and anatomy.[29] As of the 2020-2021 academic year, the university held $1,603,231 in active externally funded research awards. Sources of funding for research include: National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Health Resources & Services Administration, American Heart Association, American Optometric Foundation, HonorHealth, Leakey Foundation, Marfan Foundation, PhRMA Foundation, PetSmart Charities, Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation, National Assoc. of Chain Drug Stores, Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of America Foundation, etc. [30]

## Campuses

Campus | College | Founded | Accreditation[31]

|
|
|

Chicago  | Midwestern University | 1900 | The Higher Learning Commission[24]
Dental Medicine | 2006 | American Dental Association[32]
Health Sciences | 1996 | American Physical Therapy Association[33]
ARC-PA[34]
American Occupational Therapy Association[35]
American Psychological Association[36]
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association[37]
Optometry | 2017 | American Optometric Association[38]
Osteopathic Medicine | 1900 | American Osteopathic Association's COCA
Pharmacy | 1991 | Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education[39]
Graduate Studies  | 2018  | The Higher Learning Commission[24]
Arizona

Dental Medicine | 2006 | American Dental Association[32]
Health Sciences | 1996 | American Physical Therapy Association[33]
ARC-PA[34]
American Occupational Therapy Association[35]
American Psychological Association[36]
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association[37]
Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia[40]
Optometry | 2008 | American Optometric Association[38]
Osteopathic Medicine | 1996 | American Osteopathic Association's COCA
Pharmacy | 1998 | Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education[41]
Veterinary Medicine | 2012 | American Veterinary Medical Association[42]
Graduate Studies  | 2018  | The Higher Learning Commission[24]
Podiatric Medicine  | 2020  | American Podiatric Medical Association[43]

Downers Grove, Illinois Campus

### Downers Grove, Illinois

The Downers Grove campus is located on a 105-acre (42.5 ha) site in Downers Grove, Illinois, a suburban area 25 miles west of downtown Chicago.[11] Students enjoy a 105-acre campus in Downers Grove nestled serenely within a rolling, wooded setting. The campus features the following facilities:

* Littlejohn Hall, the library technology center with extensive book, journal, and electronic collections linked by a computerized system, a medical informatics laboratory, a large multi-sectional auditorium and comfortable lounge and study areas.
* Alumni Hall, an academic facility with state-of-the-art osteopathic manipulative therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy labs, classrooms, research facilities and faculty offices.
* Centennial Hall composed of a pharmacy practice laboratory, three research laboratories, and two 258-seat lecture halls/classrooms.
* Recreation and Wellness Hall featuring a weight room, an aerobic exercise room, racquetball/handball courts, a gymnasium, craft room, and music room. Additional recreational facilities include athletic fields for intramural sports.
* The six-story Redwood Hall features the Dorothy and Ward Perrin Interfaith Chapel, kitchens, classrooms, an auditorium, and residence hall rooms.
* The Commons student center houses the campus bookstore, mailroom, a full-service dining hall, coffee shop, computer lab and administrative offices.
* Arthur G. Dobbelaere Support Services Hall provides space for administrative offices including Student Financial Services, the Registrar’s Office, Alumni Relations, Media Resources, Business Services, Information Technology, and more.
* Science Hall, a five-story academic building with modern classrooms, research laboratories, dental simulation clinic, student testing center, and faculty offices.
* Cardinal Hall, the 137,000 square-foot building includes a large auditorium space that can be used for campus-wide ceremonies and also be divided into five large lecture halls. The building also includes additional classrooms, a simulation center, and academic office space.
* White Oak Hall, named in honor of the official state tree of Illinois, features classrooms, offices, and fully-equipped optometry laboratories. The building also includes a 24-hour student study room with a separate entrance, kitchenette, and vending machines. [44]

Glendale, Arizona Campus

### Glendale, Arizona

Glendale, Arizona Campus

The Glendale campus is located on a 156-acre (63.1 ha) site in Glendale, Arizona,[45] a suburban area 15 miles northwest of downtown Phoenix. Facilities on the campus include many buildings with teaching, research, and administrative functions. There is also an Interfaith Chapel.[46]

## Patient care

Midwestern University operates several clinics on both its Downers Grove and Glendale campuses. The Downers Grove Multispecialty Clinic opened in 2012 and includes medical, dental, speech-language, physical therapy, and optometry services.[17][18][47] Through five community clinics located on the Glendale campus, the university provides medical, dental, podiatry, optometry, mental health, physical and occupational therapy, and veterinary services.[48] The Companion Animal Clinic is part of the larger Animal Health Institute, which also includes a Large Animal Clinic and a Diagnostic Pathology Center.[49]

## Students

Midwestern University Student Demographics[2] | Downers Grove | Glendale

|
|

Male  | 37%  | 43%
Female  | 63%  | 57%
Asian  | 27%  | 17%
Black or African American  | 2%  | 3%
Hispanic/Latino  | 6%  | 10%
White  | 58%  | 59%

Nearly 7,000 students were in attendance at Midwestern University for the 2020-21 academic year (both campuses). There were 2,980 students in attendance at the Downers Grove campus, with 63% female, 37% male, 58% white, 27% Asian, 6% Hispanic or Latino, and 2% Black or African American.[2] At the Glendale campus, there were 3,927 students in attendance, with 57% female, 43% male, 59% white, 17% Asian, 10% Hispanic or Latino, and 3% Black or African American.[3]

Students at Midwestern University participate in numerous clubs on campus and an active student government association. There are several professional fraternities on campus. The behavioral medicine club hosts an improvisation show, which benefits charities.[50] Additional clubs and organizations on campus include:[51]

* American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
* American College of Osteopathic Family Physicians
* American Medical Association
* American Medical Women's Association
* American Pharmacists Association
* American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
* American Student Dental Association (ASDA)

* Asian Pacific American Medical Student Association
* Christian Medical and Dental Associations
* DOCARE
* Jewish Student Union
* Latter Day Saint Student Association
* Muslim Students' Association
* Primary Care Progress

|

## Alumni

More than 25,000 alumni have graduated from Midwestern University.[52] Notable alumni include:

* Clinton E. Adams – President and CEO of Rocky Vista University.[53][54]
* Ivan Edwards – ex-pastor, United States Air Force Reserve Flight surgeon, community activist, humanitarian, public speaker.[55][56]
* Victor Lindlahr – radio presenter and health food writer[57]
* Joseph Mercola – Internet business personality.[58]
* Rudy Moise – lawyer and politician[59][60]
* Douglas J. Robb – retired United States Air Force lieutenant general, prior Director of the Defense Health Agency, Command Surgeon of the Air Mobility Command (AMC) and of the United States Central Command (USCENTCOM).[61][62]
* Richard Scheuring – NASA flight surgeon.[63][64]
* Emily Temple-Wood – 2016 Wikimedian of the Year[65]
* James N. Weinstein – Microsoft executive and former president and CEO of Dartmouth-Hitchcock health system[66][67]

## See also

* List of dental schools in the United States
* List of medical schools in the United States
* List of optometry schools
* List of pharmacy schools in the United States

## References

1. ↑ As of June 30, 2020.  ﻿U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20﻿ (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 19, 2021. https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Documents/Research/2020-NTSE-Public-Tables--Endowment-Market-Values--FINAL-FEBRUARY-19-2021.ashx. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Midwestern University-Downers Grove". U.S. Department of Education, Institute for Education Sciences. https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=midwestern+university&s=IL&l=94&ct=2&id=143853#enrolmt.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Midwestern University-Glendale". U.S. Department of Education, Institute for Education Sciences. http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=midwestern&s=AZ&l=94&ct=2&id=423643.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "History". Illinois Osteopathic Medical Society. https://ioms.org/about-us/history.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Our History". Midwestern University. https://www.midwestern.edu/about/who-we-are/our-history.xml.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "U.S. Osteopathic Medical Schools". American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medical School. https://www.aacom.org/docs/default-source/data-and-trends/u-s-osteopathic-medical-schools-by-year-of-inaugural-class.pdf?sfvrsn=dc9e2997_16.
7. ↑ Kantzavelos, Maria (July 25, 2020). "University Becomes a Regular Neighbor". Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-07-25-0007250340-story.html.
8. ↑ Gonzales, Angela (November 3, 1996). "Midwestern plans full pharmacy school". Phoenix Business Journal. https://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/stories/1996/11/04/newscolumn2.html.
9. ↑ Larkin, Malinda (July 27, 2016). "Strong one-health foundation at Midwestern: University well-versed at establishing professional health care programs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/160815f.aspx.
10. ↑ Anderson, Helen (March 1, 1998). "MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY QUIETLY GOES ABOUT SCHOOLING HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS". Chicago Tribune.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Rhodes, Dawn (July 10, 2014). "Midwestern University expanding Downers Grove campus". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/downers-grove/ct-midwestern-plan-downers-grove-tl-0717-20140711-story.html.
12. ↑ "Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine". Midwestern University. https://www.midwestern.edu/academics/our-colleges/arizona-college-of-osteopathic-medicine.xml.
13. ↑ Corbett, Peter (June 4, 2015). "Midwestern University adds Glendale campus programs". The Republic. http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/glendale/2015/06/04/midwestern-university-expands-medical-programs-glendale-campus/28471041/.
14. ↑ "Midwestern University Introduces the Arizona College of Podiatric Medicine" (in en). https://www.midwestern.edu//about/mwu-now/news/midwestern-university-introduces-the-arizona-college-of-podiatric-medicine.xml.
15. ↑ "Green Landscaping: Greenacres". EPA. https://archive.epa.gov/greenacres/web/html/index-2.html#Midwestern_University.
16. ↑ "Conservation and Native Landscaping Awards". http://www.chicagowilderness.org/?page=CNLA.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Multispecialty Clinics". DWL Architects. http://www.dwlarchitects.com/projects/midwestern-university-multispecialty-medical-clinic-downers-grove-illinois/.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Blair-Smith, Jill (July 25, 2013). "Midwestern University Welcomes Community to New Medical Campus". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/downers-grove/community/chi-ugc-article-midwestern-university-welcomes-community-to-n-2013-07-25-story.html.
19. ↑ Wright, Lesley (June 3, 2014). "Midwestern University opens first AZ vet school in Glendale". The Republic (AZ Central). https://eu.azcentral.com/story/news/local/glendale/2014/06/03/midwestern-university-opens-first-az-vet-school/9900441/.
20. ↑ Angela Gonzales (March 7, 2012). "Midwestern to spend $90M on state's first veterinary school". Phoenix Business Journal. http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2012/03/07/midwestern-to-spend-90m-on-states.html.
21. ↑ Larki, Malinda (July 1, 2013). "Midwestern closer to accreditation". AVMA News. https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/130701v.aspx.
22. ↑ Gonzales, Angela (June 22, 2015). "Midwestern University opens companion animal clinic to the public". Arizona Business Journal. http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/blog/health-care-daily/2015/06/midwestern-university-opens-companion-animal.html.
23. ↑ Wright, Lesley (June 3, 2014). "Midwestern University opens first AZ vet school in Glendale". The Republic. http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/glendale/2014/06/03/midwestern-university-opens-first-az-vet-school/9900441/.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 "Statement of Accreditation Status: Midwestern University". Higher Learning Commission. https://www.hlcommission.org/component/directory/?Action=ShowBasic&Itemid=&instid=2094&lang=en.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Midwestern University-Downers Grove: Programs". National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=midwestern+university&s=IL&l=94&ct=2&id=143853#programs.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Midwestern University-Glendale: Programs". National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=midwestern&s=AZ&l=94&ct=2&id=423643#programs.
27. ↑ Prozialeck, WC; Edwards, JR (1 September 2018). "The One Health Initiative as a Basis for Research Development in the Department of Pharmacology at Midwestern University.". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 118 (9): 610–616. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2018.135. PMID 30178051.
28. ↑ "Kingman Regional Medical Center launches research study of COVID-19 spread". The Miner. September 12, 2020. https://kdminer.com/news/2020/sep/12/kingman-regional-medical-center-launches-research-/.
29. ↑ "Research 2017: COMPLEMENTARY / NUTRITION RESEARCH". Diabetes Research and Education Foundation. https://diabetesaction.org/research-2017?rq=Midwestern University.
30. ↑ https://www.midwestern.edu/Documents-/About/ORSP Research Report Q4 2020-2021 Final.pdf [bare URL PDF]
31. ↑ "Midwestern University-Downers Grove". U.S. Department of Education, Institute for Education Sciences. https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=midwestern&s=AZ&l=94&ct=2&id=423643#accred.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Search DDS/DMD Programs". American Dental Association. http://www.ada.org/267.aspx.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "WestAccredited PT & PTA Programs Directory". Council on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. http://www.capteonline.org/apta/directories/accreditedschools.aspx?type=PT&navID=10737421958&LOC=CA&STYPE=PT&ID=89557E3E-D387-444A-A0DD-ACD9DFED80C1.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Accredited Programs". Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant. http://www.arc-pa.org/accreditation/accredited-programs/.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "OT Master's-Level Programs - Accredited". American Occupational Therapy Association. http://www.aota.org/Education-Careers/Find-School/AccreditEntryLevel/OTMasters.aspx.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Search Accredited Programs". American Psychological Association. http://www.apa.org/ed/accreditation/programs/.
37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "CAA Accredited Program Listing". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. https://apps.asha.org/eweb/CAAawp/CAA-Accredited-Programs.pdf.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Accredited Programs". American Optometric Association. http://www.aoa.org/x12702.xml.
39. ↑ "Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy". Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. https://www.acpe-accredit.org/faq-item/Midwestern-University-Chicago-College-of-Pharmacy/.
40. ↑ "List of Accredited Programs". Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs. https://www.coacrna.org/programs-fellowships/crna-school-search/.
41. ↑ "Detailed PharmD Accreditation History". https://www.acpe-accredit.org/faq-item/Midwestern-University-College-of-Pharmacy-Glendale/.
42. ↑ "Accredited Programs". American Veterinary Medical Association. https://www.avma.org/ProfessionalDevelopment/Education/Accreditation/Colleges/Documents/colleges_accredited.pdf.
43. ↑ "List of Podiatric Medical Colleges | CPME". https://www.cpme.org/colleges/content.cfm?ItemNumber=2425&navItemNumber=2240.
44. ↑ "Downers Grove, IL Campus". https://www.midwestern.edu//campus-life/downers-grove-il-campus.
45. ↑ Gonzales, Angela (October 6, 2015). "Midwestern University signs residency deal with Iasis hospital to ease physician shortage". Phoenix Business Journal (American City Business Journals). https://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/blog/health-care-daily/2015/10/midwestern-university-signs-residency-deal-with.html.
46. ↑ "Facilities at Glendale". https://www.midwestern.edu/campus-life/glendale-az-campus/campus-facilities.
47. ↑ "Eye Institute opens at Midwestern University in Downers Grove". My Suburban Life (Shaw Media Digital). January 22, 2016. http://www.mysuburbanlife.com/2016/01/15/eye-institute-opens-at-midwestern-university-in-downers-grove/aaa45zs/.
48. ↑ "Midwestern University Clinics". Midwestern University. http://www.mwuclinics.com.
49. ↑ "Midwestern to host veterinary medicine open house". Glendale Independent. February 25, 2020. https://www.yourvalley.net/glendale-independent/stories/midwestern-to-host-veterinary-medicine-open-house,142315.
50. ↑ Blairsmith, Jill (April 17, 2014). "Community Invited to Free Improv Night at Midwestern University". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/downers-grove/community/chi-ugc-article-community-invited-to-free-improv-night-at-mid-2014-04-17-story.html.
51. ↑ "Student Activities Office". Midwestern University. https://www.midwestern.edu/downers_grove_campus/student_services/student_activities_office.html.
52. ↑ "Alumni Directory". Midwestern University. https://www.midwestern.edu/alumni/alumni-directory.xml.
53. ↑ "RVU president honored for his leadership in medical education". The DO (American Osteopathic Association). September 17, 2016. https://thedo.osteopathic.org/2016/09/rvu-president-honored-for-his-leadership-in-medical-education/.
54. ↑ "Clinton E. Adams, DO, FACHE". Rocky Vista University. http://www.rvu.edu/faculty/clinton-adams/.
55. ↑ "Ivan Edwards, D.O., AZCOM Class of '04" (in en). https://www.midwestern.edu/ivan-edwards.
56. ↑ "Alamo Wing flight surgeon receives prestigious fellowship" (in en-US). 29 September 2021. https://www.afrc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2793892/alamo-wing-flight-surgeon-receives-prestigious-fellowship/.
57. ↑ Cox, Jim. (2006). Radio Speakers: Narrators, News Junkies, Sports Jockeys, Tattletales, Tipsters, Toastmasters and Coffee Klatch Couples who Verbalized the Jargon of the Aural Ether from the 1920s to the 1980s: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. p. 175. ISBN:978-0786427802
58. ↑ Smith, Bryan (January 31, 2012). "Dr. Mercola: Visionary or Quack?" (in en). http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/February-2012/Dr-Joseph-Mercola-Visionary-or-Quack/.
59. ↑ "Dr. Rudolph Moise – Black History Month Profile". Miami's Community Newspapers. February 1, 2017. https://communitynewspapers.com/coral-gables-news/dr-rudolph-moise-black-history-month-profile/.
60. ↑ Mayo, Christina (October 27, 2016). "He bought a pint of whiskey for an old man. That led to a lifetime of granting wishes". Miami Herald. https://www.miamiherald.com/living/helping-others/article110749987.html.
61. ↑ "LIEUTENANT GENERAL (DR.) DOUGLAS J. ROBB" (in en-US). https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/108038/lieutenant-general-dr-douglas-j-robb/.
62. ↑ "Lt. Gen. (Dr.) Douglas J. Robb | IBM Center for The Business of Government". https://www.businessofgovernment.org/bio/lt-gen-dr-douglas-j-robb.
63. ↑ "Dr. Richard A. Scheuring, DO". US News. https://health.usnews.com/doctors/richard-scheuring-876147.
64. ↑ "Richard A. Scheuring, D.O. A Date with Destiny". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/stars/profiles/scheuring.html.D.O.+A+Date+with+Destiny&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft_id=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/stars/profiles/scheuring.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Organization:Midwestern_University">
65. ↑ Brown, Leslie (September 24, 2019). "Correcting Wikipedia's bias against women scientists". The DO (American Osteopathic Association). https://thedo.osteopathic.org/2019/09/correcting-wikipedias-bias-against-women-scientists/.
66. ↑ Wolfe, Rob (December 6, 2016). "Weinstein to Step Down at Dartmouth-Hitchcock". Valley News. https://www.vnews.com/Dartmouth-Hitchcock-CEO-Retires-6697056.
67. ↑ "Dr. James N. Weinstein, DO". US News. https://health.usnews.com/doctors/james-weinstein-10772.

## Further reading

* Berchtold, Theodore (1975). To Teach, to Heal, to Serve!: The Story of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine: the First 75 Years (1900-1975) (First ed.). pp. 239.

## External links

* Official website

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*[D.O.]: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine