National Institute for Space Research

Short description: Brazilian space technology organization

National Institute for Space Research
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais

Abbreviation| INPE
Formation| April 22, 1971
Legal status| Active
Purpose| Space research
Headquarters| São José dos Campos,
São Paulo
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 23°12′25″S 45°51′37″W﻿ / ﻿23.20694°S 45.86028°W﻿ / -23.20694; -45.86028

Official language

| Portuguese

Director

| Gilvan Sampaio de Oliveira

Parent organization

| Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations

Budget

| R$79.9 million (2021)[1]
Website| www.inpe.br
Part of the satellite testing facility at INPE An Anechoic chamber at INPE

The National Institute for Space Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE) is a research unit of the Brazil ian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations, the main goals of which are fostering scientific research and technological applications and qualifying personnel in the fields of space and atmospheric sciences, space engineering, and space technology. While INPE is the civilian research center for aerospace activities, the Brazilian Air Force 's General Command for Aerospace Technology is the military arm. INPE is located in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Directors
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## History

On August 13, 1961, President Jânio Quadros signed a decree which created the Organizing Group for the National Commission on Space Activities (COGNAE).[2] This group would give rise to the current National Institute for Space Research. COGNAE, which shortly after became known as CNAE, started its activities by stimulating, coordinating and supporting studies on space related areas, besides breeding a team of skilled researchers and establishing cooperation with leading nations on the space area. On April 22, 1971, the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) was created, subordinated to the National Research Council (CNPq). Its first Director was the electronic engineer Fernando de Mendonça. INPE would be the main civilian executive organ for space research development in accordance with the directives of the Brazilian Commission for Space Activities (COBAE), an advisory organ to the President. Until the mid-Seventies, the main projects carried out by INPE included the usage of meteorological, communications and earth observation satellites. This engendered other projects such as:

* MESA – reception and interpretation of meteorological satellite images
* SERE – use of satellite remote sensing technique and aircraft earth resources monitoring
* SACI – improved the educational system through broadcasting, using a geostationary communications satellite

INPE entered a new era when the Brazilian government approved the Complete Brazilian Space Mission (MECB) at the end of the 1970s. The institute, besides research and applications, started the development of the space technology for specific needs, essential for a country of continental dimensions with immense uninhabited areas. On March 15, 1985, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) was created and INPE became part of it as an independent organ of the Direct Administration. During the 1980s, INPE started developing priority programs such as:

* Complete Brazilian Space Mission (MECB)
* China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program (CBERS)
* Amazon Research Program (AMZ)
* Center for Weather Forecast and Climatic Studies (CPTEC)

It also kept track of other countries' research on the space area, facilitating collaboration and partnership with them. During this period it also established its Integration and Tests Laboratory (LIT) which develops highly specialized activities essential to the Brazilian Space Program. In the 1990s, the first Brazilian satellite (SCD-1) was launched. Since 1994, the Brazilian Space Agency has been responsible for Brazil's space program. INPE works in close cooperation with the agency. In 1998, the second Brazilian satellite (SCD-2) was successfully launched, performing even better than the first one. CBERS 1 was launched in 1999, CBERS 2 in 2003 and CBERS 2B in 2007. In August 2019, the chief of the agency, Ricardo Galvão, was fired by science minister Marcos Pontes after a period where Galvão had a public argument with Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro over the validity of data from DETER, a satellite system monitoring deforestation. Bolsonaro stated that the data had been altered to attack his government and Galvão called him a coward in response.[3]

## Directors

#  | Dircetor  | Period  | Note

|
|
|

1 |

Fernando de Mendonça

| 1963 - 1976  | 1st director from INPE.[4]
2 |

Nelson de Jesus Parada

| 1976 - 1985  | [5]
3 |

Marco Antonio Raupp

| 1985 - 1989  | [6]
4 |

Márcio Nogueira Barbosa

| 1989 - 2001  | He left the institute to take up a post at UNESCO.[7][8]
— |

Volker Kirchhoff

| 2001 - 2001  | Interim Director.[9][10]
5 |

Luiz Carlos Moura Miranda

| 2001 - 2005  | Assuming post in 2001,[10] resigned on 26 April 2005[11] after a dispute over funding.[12]
— |

Leonel Perondi

| 2005 - 2005  | Interim Director.[13]
6 |

Gilberto Câmara

| 2005 - 2012  | [11][14]
7 |

Leonel Perondi

| 2012 - 2016  | [13][15]
8 |

Ricardo Galvão

| 2016 - 2019  | Assuming post in 2016,[15] he was exonerated in 2019 after publicly defending INPE's work against the Jair Bolsonaro Controversies surrounding the Jair Bolsonaro government (pt) in the context of Amazon deforestation, specifically during the 2019 fires.[16] Within the internal regulations the replacement occurred due to "a situation of loss of confidence".[17]
— |

Darcton Policarpo Damião

| 2019 - 2020  | Interim Director.[18][19]
9 |

Clezio Marcos de Nardin

| 2020 - 2023  | In office between 2020[19] and 2023.[20]
— |

Gilvan Sampaio de Oliveira

| 2023  | Interim director.[21]

## See also

* Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA)
* Experimento Tokamak Esférico (ETE)
* Institute of Aeronautics and Space
* Marcos Pontes, the first Brazilian astronaut
* List of Brazilian satellites

## References

1. ↑ Salvador Nogueira (August 17, 2020). "Agência Espacial Brasileira zera orçamento do Inpe para pesquisa em 2021" (in pt). https://valor.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2020/08/17/agencia-espacial-brasileira-zera-orcamento-do-inpe-para-pesquisa-em-2021.ghtml.
2. ↑ INPE. "História" (in pt). http://www.inpe.br/institucional/sobre_inpe/historia.php.
3. ↑ Brazilian institute head fired after clashing with nation’s president over deforestation data. Science (4 August 2019). Retrieved 23 August 2019.
4. ↑ "Cientista Fernando de Mendonça conhece o Observatório da Indústria da FIEC" (in pt-br). 2019-10-02. https://www1.sfiec.org.br/fiec-noticias/search/128244/cientista-fernando-de-mendonca-conhece-o-observatorio-da-industria-da-fiec. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
5. ↑ "Nelson de Jesus Parada" (in pt-br). https://bv.fapesp.br/pt/pesquisador/687179/nelson-de-jesus-parada/. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
6. ↑ "INPE/MCTI lamenta falecimento do ex Ministro Marco Antonio Raupp" (in pt-br). 2021-07-24. http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=5895. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
7. ↑ "Márcio Barbosa assume a direção do INPE" (in pt-br). 1989-01-30. http://md-m09.sid.inpe.br/col/sid.inpe.br/md-m09/2011/08.23.14.20/doc/INFORME INPE EM DIA janeiro 1989 edi��o espacial.pdf. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
8. ↑ "Diretor do Inpe assume cargo na Unesco" (in pt-br). 2000-11-30. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/vale/vl3011200011.htm. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
9. ↑ "FHC indica diretor interino do Inpe" (in pt-br). 2001-02-22. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe2202200103.htm. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Novo diretor do INPE toma posse hoje" (in pt-br). 2001-10-29. https://mundogeo.com/2001/10/29/novo-diretor-do-inpe-toma-posse-hoje/. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Comitê de Busca inicia trabalho de escolha do novo diretor" (in pt-br). 2005-05-11. http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=299. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
12. ↑ "Disputa por verba derruba diretor do Inpe" (in pt-br). 2005-04-28. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe2804200501.htm. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Leonel Perondi é o novo diretor do INPE" (in pt-br). 2012-05-14. http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=2905. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
14. ↑ "DISCURSO DE POSSE DO NOVO DIRETOR DO INPE" (in pt-br). 2005-12-12. http://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=545. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "INPE has a new director" (248 ed.). October 2016. https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/inpe-has-a-new-director/. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
16. ↑ "Ricardo Magnus Osório Galvão: The physicist who would not bend" (293 ed.). July 2020. https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/ricardo-magnus-osorio-galvao-the-physicist-who-would-not-bend/. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
17. ↑ "Diretor do Inpe diz que discurso sobre Bolsonaro 'causou constrangimento' e será exonerado" (in pt-br). 2019-08-02. https://g1.globo.com/natureza/noticia/2019/08/02/serei-exonerado-diz-diretor-do-inpe.ghtml. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
18. ↑ "Nomeação de diretor interino do Inpe é publicada em 'Diário Oficial'" (in pt-br). 2019-08-14. https://g1.globo.com/natureza/noticia/2019/08/14/nomeacao-de-diretor-interino-do-inpe-e-publicada-em-diario-oficial.ghtml. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Conheça a trajetória de Clezio Marcos De Nardin, o novo diretor do Inpe" (in pt-br). 2020-08-02. https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Sociedade/noticia/2020/10/conheca-trajetoria-de-clezio-marcos-de-nardin-o-novo-diretor-do-inpe.html. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
20. ↑ "MCom e MCTI terão ampla troca de cargos, com exonerações de Lula". 2023-01-02. https://www.telesintese.com.br/mcom-e-mcti-terao-ampla-troca-de-cargos-com-exoneracoes-de-lula/.
21. ↑ INPE [@inpe_mct] (2023-01-04). "INPE no Twitter". https://twitter.com/inpe_mct/status/1610624478094000128.

## External links

* Sofia Moutinho; Herton Escobar (2022-05-26). "Falling Star". Science 376 (6596). https://www.science.org/content/article/brazil-s-space-research-institute-source-national-pride-struggling-survival.
* Caminhos para o Espaço. Editora Contexto. 1991. pp. 112. http://mtc-m16.sid.inpe.br/rep/sid.inpe.br/marciana/2004/10.19.12.41?metadatarepository=sid.inpe.br/marciana/2004/10.19.12.41.46&ibiurl.backgroundlanguage=pt-BR&ibiurl.requiredsite=mtc-m16.sid.inpe.br+800&requiredmirror=sid.inpe.br/banon/2003/08.15.17.40.18&searchsite=bibdigital.sid.inpe.br:80&searchmirror=sid.inpe.br/bibdigital@80/2006/04.07.15.50.13.

* v
* t
* e

Public-sector space agencies

Africa|

| Pan-African
and pan-Arab|

* RASCOM
* Arabsat

|

National|

* ASAL
* EgSA
* NARSS
* ESSTI
* GSSTC
* KSA
* NASRDA
* SANSA

Americas|

| North America|

* CSA
* NASA
* NESDIS
* OSC
* FAA/AST
* FCC
* USSF
* USSPACECOM
* NRO

|

Latin America
and the Caribbean|

* ALCE
* AEM
* CONAE
* ABE
* AEB
* DCTA
* INPE
* ITA
* CCE
* ABAE
* IVIC

Asia|

| Pan-Asian|

* APSCO

|

Central Asia|

* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VK
* TNSA1

East Asia|

* CNSA
* SASTIND
* CASC
* CALT
* CAST
* CCF
* CGWIC
* PLAASF
* CASIC
* JAXA
* ISAS
* JSS
* NICT
* NATA
* KASA
* KARI
* KASI
* SaTReC
* TASA

South Asia|

* SPARRSO
* ISRO2
* Antrix Corp
* DoS
* NRSC
* NSIL
* DSA
* SUPARCO

Southeast Asia|

* BRIN
* ORPA
* INASA
* MYSA
* PhilSA
* SSTL
* GISTDA
* VNSC

West Asia|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* NSSA
* NEHSA
* ISA
* ISRC
* ISA
* NCSR
* SSA
* KACST-SRI
* SSA2
* GORS
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* UAESA (MBRSC)

Europe|

| Pan-European|

* CEN/CENELEC
* CEPT
* ETSI
* Eurocontrol
* ECAC
* ESA
* ECSS
* ESTEC
* EAC
* ESRIN
* ECSAT
* ESAC
* ESOC
* ESTRACK
* Guiana Space Centre
* EUMETSAT
* EUTELSAT IGO
* ESO

|

EU and EEA|

* DG DEFIS
* EUSPA
* EU SatCen
* EASA
* BEREC
* ALR2
* BELSPO
* BIRA-IASB
* SRTI2
* CSO2
* DTU Space
* ESO1
* CNES2
* AAE
* CdE
* DLR2
* HSA
* HSO2
* ASI
* LSA
* LSO1
* SRON
* NSO
* NOSA
* POLSA2
* CBK PAN
* UKE
* KRRiT
* ORO
* ULC
* PTSPACE
* ROSA2
* INTA
* AEC
* EAE
* AEE
* SNSA

Other|

* ArmCosmos1
* MAKA1
* BSA1
* KazCosmos1
* Roscosmos1
* SRI
* VVKO
* SSO
* TUA
* TÜBİTAK UZAY
* SSAU1
* UKSA2

Oceania|

* ASA
* CSIRO
* NZSA

World|

* CCSDS
* CEOS
* COSPAR
* IPDA
* Cospas-Sarsat
* GEO
* GSC
* IADC
* ICSMD
* IMSO
* ISECG
* ISS MCB
* ITSO
* Intersputnik
* ODCWG
* ITU-R
* UNCOPUOS
* UNOOSA
* UNOSAT

Former|

* BNSC
* KCST
* INCOSPAR
* LAPAN
* NAL
* NASDA
* SSP
* MOM
* Interkosmos

* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program
* 2 Preceded by Interkosmos participation

0.00

(0 votes)

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Organization:National_Institute_for_Space_Research&oldid=3864395"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template