National University of San Marcos

Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos

Latin: Academia S. Marci Vrbis Regvm in Perv
Motto| Universidad del Perú,
Decana de América

Motto in English

| University of Peru,
Dean of America
Type| Public
Established| May 12, 1551
Rector| Dr. Orestes Cachay Boza

Academic staff

| 2005 (full time)
674 (part time)
Undergraduates| 17,596
Postgraduates| 2,198
Location|

Lima

Peru

[ ⚑ ] : 12°03′30″S 77°05′00″W﻿ / ﻿12.05833°S 77.0833333°W﻿ / -12.05833; -77.0833333
Campus| Urban
70 hectares (170 acres) (main campus)
|u}}rs|  Gold
Magenta
White
Steel blue
Mascot| Lion
Website| www.unmsm.edu.pe

The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university in Lima, capital of Peru. Also known as the "Dean university of the Americas", it is the first officially established (privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and the longest continuously operating university in the Americas.[1]

It is widely regarded as an influential institution of higher-education in the country. It consistently ranks among the top two universities in the country.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Its main campus, the University City, is located in Lima. It was chartered on May 12, 1551, by a royal decree signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, which makes it the oldest officially established university in the Americas.[8] San Marcos has 60 academic-professional schools,[9] organized into 20 faculties, and 6 academic areas. All of the faculties offer undergraduate and graduate degrees. The student body consists of over 30,000 undergraduate and 4,000 graduate students from all the country, as well as some international students. The university has a number of public institutions under its government such as the San Marcos Cultural Center and the Museum of Natural History of Lima.

It is also the only university in Peru with a Nobel Prize laureate among its alumni: Mario Vargas Llosa (Literature). San Marcos is also recognized for the quality of its curricular contents, a competitive admissions process, as well as for being a center of scientific research.[10] Several Peruvian and Latin American influential thinkers, researchers, scientists, politicians and writers have studied there, which underscores San Marcos' leading role as an educational institution in the history of Peru and the world.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Oldest university in America
* 2 Organisation
* 2.1 Government
* 2.2 Academic areas and faculties
* 3 Notable alumni and academics
* 4 Gallery
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 Notes
* 8 External links

## History

### Oldest university in America

Tower at the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, showing (right) the emblem of Harvard University‍--‌the oldest in the United States‍--‌and (left) that of University of San Marcos‍--‌the oldest in the Americas.

San Marcos is considered the oldest university in the American continent. It was officially established by a royal decree (signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) on May 12, 1551, and since then it has operated without interruption. Hence, it is locally known as the Dean of America ("dean" in the sense of "oldest member"). San Marcos also claims that according to the Archivo General de Indias, a Spanish repository of documents on the former colonies in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, there were no official Spanish records of any other university or higher-education institution before 1551.[1]

However, the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo was founded in 1538. It was not officially recognized by Royal Decree until 1558, and, as many other universities in the Americas closed during independence wars and other political conflicts, it was closed due to the occupations of the Dominican Republic by Haiti and then the United States.

## Organisation

### Government

The university was originally headed by members of the clergy. During the Enlightenment, Bourbon reforms transformed it into a secular institution. Nowadays, the university is governed by:

* The University Council
* The University Assembly (composed of professors and students, with the latter holding a third of the seats)
* The Rector (president)
* Two Vice-Rectors:
* Academic Vice-Rector
* Vice-Rector of investigation

### Academic areas and faculties

The original faculties at San Marcos were Theology, Arts (the old Scholastic term for what is now known as academic Philosophy) and Law; Jurisprudence, and Medicine were added later in the colonial period. The Faculty of Natural Sciences and the Faculty of Economics and Commerce were created in the mid-19th century. The Faculty of Science was subdivided by specialities in the 20th century. The Faculty of Theology was closed in 1935.

In the mid-1990s San Marcos' departments were grouped into four academic blocks. Nowadays, San Marcos' faculties are grouped into 6 academic areas.

## Notable alumni and academics

Class of Jurisprudence and Law of 1896 posing in front of department's water fountain

* Carlos Monge Medrano, physician
* Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto, first female physician in Peru
* Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, engineer and scientist
* José María Arguedas, novelist and anthropologist
* Jorge Basadre, historian
* Luis Bedoya Reyes, attorney, congressman, Mayor of Lima and founder of the Christian People's Party
* G. E. Berrios, professor of psychiatry at the University of Cambridge
* Bertha Bouroncle, physician
* Alfredo Bryce Echenique, novelist
* Carlos Bustamante, biophysicist
* Daniel Alcides Carrión, medical student and pioneer in medical research
* Ramiro Castro de la Mata Caamaño, scientist
* Carlos Manuel Chavez, heart surgeon
* José Santos Chocano, poet
* Antonio Cornejo-Polar, literary critic
* Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, revolutionary thinker, founder of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA)
* Cayetano Heredia, physician
* Mariano Iberico Rodríguez, philosopher
* Francisco Miró Quesada Cantuarias, philosopher and logician
* Bernardo O'Higgins, military officer and first President of Chile
* Valentín Paniagua Corazao, former President of Peru
* Hugo Pesce, physician and leprosy specialist
* Luis Alberto Sánchez, writer and statesman
* Manuel Scorza, novelist
* Julio C. Tello, archaeologist
* Abraham Valdelomar, poet and short-story writer
* Mario Vargas Llosa, novelist, Nobel Prize in Literature (2010)
* Federico Villarreal, scientist and mathematician

## Gallery

* Oil painting commemorating the foundation of the University of Lima (later named San Marcos), officially the first university in Peru and America, and his manager Friar Tomas of San Martin

* The historic chapter house at the Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo, where the University of San Marcos began its operations

* Drawing showing the old facade of the premises where the University of San Marcos functioned throughout the Peruvian viceroyalty. Later this place would be transferred to the nascent Congress of Peru.

* The First Constitutional Congress of Peru was chaired by Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza and held in the chapel of the University of San Marcos on September 20, 1822.

The First Constitutional Congress of Peru was chaired by Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza and held in the chapel of the University of San Marcos on September 20, 1822.

* Local University of San Marcos in 1920, the famous "Casona de San Marcos is currently the Centro Cultural de San Marcos

* Welcome Mural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, as he mentioned the official date of its foundation: May 12 of 1551

* La Casona de San Marcos, used as the cultural center

* Jorge Basadre building, used for administrative functions

* Main library

* San Marcos University Press

* San Marcos University Gym

* San Marcos University Stadium

* Metallica concert at University of San Marcos

* Monument of Fray Tomas de San Martín

* Main auditorium

* San Marcos University Clinic

* Institute Tropical Medicine

* Museum of Natural History

## See also

* Casona de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
* List of colonial universities in Latin America
* History of the National University of San Marcos seal

## References

* Cayo Códova, Percy (2004) (in es). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO III: República. Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-03-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=gUaTPgAACAAJ&dq=enciclopedia tematica del peru.
* Del Busto Duthurburu, José Antonio (2004) (in es). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO II: Conquista y Virreinato. Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-02-X. https://books.google.com/books?id=gEaTPgAACAAJ&dq=enciclopedia tematica del peru.
* De León Pinelo, Antonio (1631) (in es). Por la real Universidad y escuelas generales de S. Marcos de la ciudad de Lima, en las provincias del Perú. Madrid, España.
* Eguiguren Escudero, Luis Antonio (1949, 1959, 1951) (in es). Diccionario histórico-cronológico de la Real y Pontifica Universidad de San Marcos y sus colegios. Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
* Eguiguren Escudero, Luis Antonio (1951) (in es). Historia de la Universidad. La universidad en el Siglo XVI. Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
* García Cáceres, Uriel (2004) (in es). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO XII: Salud. Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-12-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=Y73yJwAACAAJ&dq=bibliogroup:"Enciclopedia+temática+del+Perú".
* {{cite book

|author    = García Zárate, Óscar Augusto [compilador]
|title     = Hacia una nueva universidad en el Perú
|url       = http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/Bibvirtual/books/Educación/nueva_universidad/contenido.htm
|year      = 2003
|publisher = Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM
|language  = es

* González Vigil, Ricardo (2004) (in es). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO XIV: Literatura. Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-14-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=UEAhOQAACAAJ&dq=bibliogroup:"Enciclopedia+temática+del+Perú".
* Higgins, James (2005). Lima: A cultural history. Nueva York, EEUU: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517890-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=YErY-1GD7o8C&pg=PA141&dq.
* Maticorena Estrada, Miguel (2000) (in es). San Marcos de Lima, Universidad Decana de América, una argumentación histórica-jurídica y el derecho indiano. Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
* Porras Barrenechea, Raúl (2010) (in es). San Marcos y la cultura peruana: Mito, tradición e historia del Perú.. Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM.
* Sánchez Sánchez, Luis Alberto (1961) (in es). La universidad no es una isla... Un estudio, un plan, y tres discursos. Lima, Perú: Ediciones Perú. https://books.google.com/books?id=RPQEAQAAIAAJ&q=La+universidad+no+es+una+isla...+Un+estudio,+un+plan,+y+tres+discursos&dq=La+universidad+no+es+una+isla...+Un+estudio,+un+plan,+y+tres+discursos.
* Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (2007) (in es). Catálogo Universitario y Prospecto de Admisión 2008-II. Lima, Perú: Centro de Producción e Imprenta de la UNMSM.
* Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (2010) (in es). Catálogo Universitario y Prospecto de Admisión 2011-I. Lima, Perú: Centro de Producción e Imprenta de la UNMSM.
* Valcárcel Esparza, Carlos Daniel (1981) (in es). Historia de la Universidad de San Marcos (1551–1980). Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia. https://books.google.com/books?id=dtpPAAAAMAAJ&q=Historia+de+la+Universidad+de+San+Marcos+(1551-1980&dq=Historia+de+la+Universidad+de+San+Marcos+(1551-1980.
* Valcárcel Esparza, Carlos Daniel (2001) (in es). San Marcos, Universidad Decana de América ([http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtual/books/historia/san_marcos/Indice.htm digitalizado)]. Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM. ISBN 9972-46-140-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=QTJcOL4xyu8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Valcárcel,+Carlos+Daniel#v=onepage&q&f=false.
* López Soria, José Ignacio (2004) (in es). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO XI: Ciencia y Tecnología. Lima, Perú: Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. ISBN 9972-752-11-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=Yb3yJwAACAAJ&dq=bibliogroup:"Enciclopedia+temática+del+Perú".
* Peña Rodríguez, Víctor Antonio (2002) (in es). La Producción científica en San Marcos (1995-2001). Lima, Perú: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM. http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtual/libros/Educación/Produc_cienti/Portada.htm.
* Summerfield, Carol J. (1998). International Dictionary of University Histories. Chicago, Illinois, EEUU: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1-884964-23-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=6x3S8eM3spAC&pg=PA293&dq#v=onepage&q&f.

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtual/libros/historia/San_marcos/Fund_Uni_Sto_Domin.htm
2. ↑ "Ranking universitario en el Perú". Asamblea Nacional de Rectores (ANR) and UNESCO. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104082709/http://www.cgci.udg.mx/boletines/biblioVirtual/pdf/rankinguniv-peru.pdf. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
3. ↑ "QS Latin American University Rankings 2013". http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/latin-american-university-rankings/2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
4. ↑ "University Ranking by Academic Performance (2013): Top Perú". URAP Center. http://www.urapcenter.org/2013/country.php?ccode=PE&rank=all. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
5. ↑ "Ranking Web of Universities: Peru". Webometrics. http://www.webometrics.info/en/Latin_America/Peru. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
6. ↑ "SIR World Report 2013". SCImago. Archived from the original on August 16, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130816151657/http://www.scimagoir.com/pdf/SIR Global PER 2013 O.pdf. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
7. ↑ "UNMSM recibe acreditación internacional ". Peru21. Accessed April 26, 2011. (in Spanish)
8. ↑ "Foundation of the University of Lima". San Marcos National University. Accessed August 22, 2009. (in Spanish)
9. ↑ http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/sanmarcosaldia/semanarios/165.pdf
10. ↑ Ranking and research supported by: UNESCO and Asamblea Nacional de Rectores, 2007

## External links

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