Polish Space Agency

Short description: Polish state space agency

Not to be confused with Pölsa or Polsat.

Polish Space AgencyPolska Agencja Kosmiczna (Polish)

Logo

Agency overview
Abbreviation| POLSA
Formed| 26 September 2014; 11 years ago (2014-09-26)
Type| Space agency
Headquarters| Gdańsk, Poland
Official language| Polish
Administrator| Marta Ewa Wachowicz[1]
Owner| Poland
Annual budget| PLN42.7 million (US$FXConvert/Wordify error: cannot parse value "Undefined year """)[2] (2021)
Website| polsa.gov.pl

The Polish Space Agency (POLSA; Polish: Polska Agencja Kosmiczna, PAK) is the space agency of Poland, administered by the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology. It is a member of the European Space Agency. The agency is focused on developing satellite networks and space technologies in Poland.[3] It was established on 26 September 2014,[3] and its headquarters are located in Gdańsk.[4]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Background
* 1.2 POLSA
* 2 Crewed space program
* 2.1 Axiom 4 and Ignis
* 2.2 Artemis 6
* 3 Domestic satellites
* 3.1 EagleEye
* 3.2 PIAST
* 3.3 Camilla
* 3.4 MikroSAR
* 4 International cooperation
* 4.1 China
* 4.2 BlueBon
* 4.3 United States
* 5 Management
* 6 See also
* 7 References

## History

### Background

During the Cold War era, Poland's space activities were heavily influenced by its relationship with the Soviet Union and its membership in the Warsaw Pact. The Polish People's Republic participated in the Interkosmos programme, a Soviet initiative to include Eastern Bloc allies and other countries in space research and exploration.[5] Through the Interkosmos programme, Polish scientists played key roles in developing satellite technology.[6] The Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences was founded in 1976. One key milestone was the travel of General Mirosław Hermaszewski to the Soviet space station Salyut 6 in 1978, being the first Polish national to travel to space.[7]

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Poland took steps towards developing an independent space sector, signing a co-operation agreement with the European Space Agency on the peaceful use of outer space in 1994, which was later expanded on in 2002.[8] Joining the European Union in 2004 and becoming a co-operating state in 2007 led to Poland's increasing participation in ESA programmes, and in July 2012 the ESA Council agreed to Poland joining the European Space Agency. The country officially became the 20th member of the ESA in November of the same year.[9]

The first Polish satellite, PW-Sat, was developed by students at the Warsaw University of Technology and launched in February 2012, with the goal of finding low-cost solutions for de-orbiting satellites.[10] In the following years, the nanosatellites Lem (2013) and Heweliusz (2014) were put into orbit as part of the BRITE programme by the Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences.[9]

### POLSA

On September 26, 2014, an act was passed by the Sejm establishing the Polish Space Agency (POLSA)[11] as a branch of the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology. It started operating with a full team at the end of 2015. In November 2014, professor Marek Banaszkiewicz, who previously served as director of the Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences, became the first President of the newly-formed agency albeit in an interim capacity.[12][13][14] The vice-president for science became professor Marek Moszyński from the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology of the Gdańsk University of Technology, and the Vice-President for Defense - General Lech Majewski. POLSA participates in a number of international programmes, such as the ESA's Space Situational Awareness Programme, focused on monitoring space debris and other objects approaching Earth; and the ENTRUSTED project, focused on providing secure satellite communication for and between government agencies within EU member states.[9][15]

Banaszkiewicz would be replaced by Grzegorz Brona on 28 March, 2018 an industry veteran for 30 years had previously worked for CERN and had been the CEO of Creotech Instruments, Poland's leading satellite manufacturer.[16] Brona would suddenly resign on 3 April, 2019 without giving a reason why and declined to comment on his resignation to Polish media.[17] He would be replaced by Michał Szaniawski in an interim capacity having previously been the vice-president of the Industrial Development Agency and an advisor to the Minister of Entrepreneurship and Technology.[18][19] He would be replaced by Grzegorz Wrochna on 18 February, 2021, who had previously been Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and a veteran of CERN and the National Centre for Nuclear Research.[20]

Wrochna would be abruptly dismissed from his post as POLSA President on March 11, 2025, due to his mishandling of the Starlink 11-4 Falcon 9 booster spinning out of control over Poland and disintegrating into several large chunks on February 19.[21][22][23] The day after the crash POLSA had issued a statement that they “constantly monitor and analyzes threats in outer space originating from artificial objects, including rockets” and claimed to have adequately warned the government about the uncontrolled re-entry, however, the Ministry of Development and Technology disputed this alleging "irregularities that occurred in the process of reporting by the Polish Space Agency" with Krzysztof Paszyk urgently summoning Wrocha for an explanation.[23] Paszyk also claimed that POLSA's earlier statement that they adequately warned the government "did not reflect the assessment of the situation resulting from the reports sent by the Agency and could have misled the public."[23] On February 28 POLSA issued a formal apology, stating that they sent the report to the wrong email at the Ministry of National Defence.[23] Shortly after on March 2 POLSA's main servers where hacked in a cyberattack only being restored on March 5, just 6 days before Wrocha was dismissed.[23]

It would take until April 29th for a new President to be named, Dr. Marta Ewa Wachowic, a PhD in space physics who had been instrumental in getting POLSA formed as an independent agency in 2014.[24] Between 2015 and 2018, she led the Department of Strategy and International Cooperation at POLSA seeking to support Poland’s space sector in international economic cooperation.[24] Upon her appointment, her boss Krzysztof Paszyk stated "True, Copernicus wasn’t a woman… but the new President of POLSA, the Polish Space Agency, is. And I’m incredibly proud of that."[24]

## Crewed space program

### Axiom 4 and Ignis

On August 9, 2023 POLSA signed a deal with Axiom Space to send a Polish astronaut to the International Space Station aboard Axiom Mission 4, with the candidate being Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, then the only Polish member of the European Space Agency's Astronaut Corps. He would become the first Polish national in space since Mirosław Hermaszewski flight with Soyuz 30.[25] Shortly after POLSA contributed €200 million to the ESA, an increase from their expected contribution of €132 million as POLSA announced they seek to control a 3% stake in the European space market by 2030.[26]

On February 5, 2025, it was officially announced that Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski became a member of the Axiom 4 crew as part of the standalone mission Ignis, a joint venture between POLSA and the ESA.[27] Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk announced at the mission's unveiling that "Space is no longer just a realm of imagination. It is becoming a domain where Polish ambitions will also be present."[28] Ingis included 13 Polish scientific experiments covering topics such as the effects of microgravity on the human immune system, the development of cosmic radiation sensors, and the stability of nanomaterials in space conditions.[28]

Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski launched to space on 25 June 2025 aboard Crew Dragon Grace on their third launch attempt on June 25, 2025 at 06:31:53 UTC (2:31:52 a.m. EDT).[29][30] After 18 days at the ISS, Grace undocked on July 14, 2025, 11:15 UTC, commencing a 22-hour return back to Earth.[31] The spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego on July 15, 2025 at 09:31:36 UTC (2:31:41 am PDT).[32]

### Artemis 6

On 30 September 2023, Wrochna announced that POLSA aims to send a crewed mission to the Moon by 2030, presumably on Artemis 6. He also announced that Poland will be developing native launch capabilities, as well as native satellites to help the Polish economy.[33][34] From 19 to 21 June, 2023, POLSA hosted a conference of Artemis Accord signatories in Gdańsk where Poland was one of the two co-chairs of the "Emerging Space Actors Working Group" alongside Brazilian Space Agency.[35]

## Domestic satellites

On March 6, 2018 the POLSA announced that they were planning on investing 1.43 billion zł over an eight-year period as part of the "National Space Program" project which would allow POLSA to coordinate with preexisting private space entities in Poland. The founding would have also funded an astronomical observation satellite, a SAR microsatellite, and a number of other R&D projects. Piotr Suszyński, the vice president for defense at POLSA, also stated that the project would promote international cooperation with the European Space Agency (ESA). However, POLSA's funding request would not pass.[36]

On March 18, 2022, POLSA signed a letter of intent with Virgin Orbit in a bid to secure a domestic launch capability. POLSA planned on launching a series of microsatellites, however, the Russian invasion of Ukraine shuttered any plans to use Russian rockets to launch the probes. Wrochna also explained that Poland has no physical location for a traditional vertical launch pad, as any typical space launch will cause debris to fall on populated areas. Virgin's Orbit, and by extension LauncherOne, were defunct before a Polish flight could take place.[37]

### EagleEye

On March 2, 2023, POLSA's vice-president Michal Wiercinski attended Australian International Airshow in order to win not only a launch site for future Polish missions, likely the RAAF Woomera Range Complex, but also to win over subcontractors to design Polish satellites, namely the EagleEye Earth observation spacecraft. This comes as tensions flare between Poland, and NATO against Russia, and the CSTO, as Poland sees the development of Earth observation satellites as an issue of national security.[38] EagleEye would be launched on the Transporter-11 Falcon 9 mission, being the first Polish Satellite developed by POLSA.[39]

### PIAST

The PIAST constellation are a group of three identical 6U Earth Observation nanosatellites announced in 2021 and developed by a consortium led by Creotech Instruments guided by the Military University of Technology and operated by POLSA.[40] The project cost ~zł70 million, 40% of which was allocated to Creotech for the manufacturing and is expected to have a five-meter resolution.[41][42] The satellites will be used for targeting for JASSM-ER missiles or ATACMS missiles.[43] Additionally, they will also be used to coordinate troop movements and management of missions.[44] The constellation was planned to be launched in the second half of 2024,[40] however, that would be delayed to the first half of 2025,[45] before ultimately being launched on 28 November, 2025.[46]

### Camilla

On October 31, 2023, POLSA announced a partnership with the ESA which would see a Polish satellite constellation launched by 2027. The constellation will consist of at least four satellites, three optoelectronic and one radar, and is expected to cost $87 million. The satellites will be designed and manufactured in conjunction with the ESA. The goal of the constellation is in the monitoring and management of land use, agriculture, the environment, infrastructure, water, and emergencies. These will be the first ever civilian Polish governmental satellites, with the constellation using the working name Camilla.[47]

### MikroSAR

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2025)

|

## International cooperation

### China

On July 4, 2016, POLSA announced that they were signing a letter of cooperation with the Chinese National Space Administration to foster developments in science and technology in the two countries and promoting cooperation between Polish and Chinese technology developers. Additionally, the deal outlined Polish experiments being potentially launched on Chinese rockets, and potential Polish experiments to Tiangong-2.[48] On September 16, 2016, POLSA announced that a joint Polish-Swiss payload POLAR, designed to study gamma radiation bursts, was launched to Tiangong-2 with "satisfactory results" and behavior "as expected."[49][50] Tiangong-2 was never designed for permanent habitation and was de-orbited in 2019.[51]

In 2021 when China announced their new Tiangong station one of its planned payloads would be a Polish National Centre for Nuclear Research follow-up experiment, POLAR-2, to be sent to the station by 2024.[52] However, the other partner on POLAR, the University of Geneva, expressed doubts on if the project would ever actually be sent into orbit, citing difficulty sending electronics into China, as well as a general increase in geopolitical tensions between Europe and China.[52] The payload is currently still scheduled to be launched, albeit delayed, to some time in 2027 as of November 20, 2025.[53]

### BlueBon

On November 1, TelePIX, a South Korean space startup announced they will be working with the Polish nanosatellite company SatRevolution, in conjunction with the South Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and POLSA, to develop a 6U CubeSat named BlueBon. Its main payload is a 3.8-meter optical camera to collect Earth observation data.[54] BlueBon would launch on January 14 2025 onboard the Falcon 9 Transporter-12.[55]

### United States

Main article: Astronomy:Artemis Accords

On October 26, 2021, Poland became the 13th nation to join the Artemis Accords, collaborating with NASA to return men to the Moon by 2025 as part of the Artemis program. Grzegorz Wrochna, then-President of POLSA, stated that although joining the accord does not guarantee a Polish astronaut will go to the Moon, it will ensure greater cooperation with global aerospace efforts, and will ensure that "Polish equipment, Polish instruments will fly to the moon and to other bodies."[56][57] As part of the Artemis program, Polish firm Vigo Photonics developed the infrared radiation detectors for the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, while the PAN Nuclear Physics Institute developed ionizing radiation detectors.[58]

At the Space Symposium 38 in Colorado Springs on April 19, 2023, U.S. Army general James H. Dickinson signed a treaty with POLSA president Grzegorz Wrochna for Poland to join the Space Situational Awareness Programme.[59]

## Management

* President: Marta Ewa Wachowicz (from 29 April 2025)
* Vice-President: Col. Marcin Mazur (since 22 November 2021)[60]
* Vice-President: Michał Wierciński, PhD (since 25 February 2022)[61]

## See also

* KP Labs: a private firm from Gliwice that created the Intuition-1 satellite
* HYPE: a nanosat created by students at the AGH University of Krakow

## References

1. ↑ "New President of the Polish Space Agency". 30 April 2025. https://defence24.com/defence-policy/new-president-of-the-polish-space-agency.
2. ↑ Ustawa budżetowa na rok 2021 z dnia 20 stycznia 2021 r., Journal of Laws, 2021, position 190.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 21 października 2020 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy o Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej, Journal of Laws, 2020, position 1957.
4. ↑ "Sejm: Polska Agencja Kosmiczna będzie miała siedzibę w Gdańsku" (in pl). 2014-09-27. http://naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,402014,sejm-polska-agencja-kosmiczna-bedzie-miala-siedzibe-w-gdansku.html.
5. ↑ "Yu.A. Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Center". http://www.gctc.su/main.php?id=235.
6. ↑ "Polish Space Agency pursues task of developing country's space expertise - Room: The Space Journal" (in en-US). https://room.eu.com/article/polish-space-agency-pursues-task-of-developing-countrys-space-expertise.
7. ↑ "Mirosław Hermaszewski. Pierwszy Polak w kosmosie [POSŁUCHAJ \- Historia - polskieradio.pl"] (in pl-PL). https://polskieradio.pl/39/156/artykul/874685,miroslaw-hermaszewski-pierwszy-polak-w-kosmosie-posluchaj.
8. ↑ "Radio Polonia - Poland becomes cooperating member of ESA". https://www2.polskieradio.pl/eo/print.aspx?iid=81306.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "2012-2022: Poland – 10 years in the European Space Agency - POLSA - Polska Agencja Kosmiczna" (in en-US). 2022-03-21. https://polsa.gov.pl/en/news/2012-2022-poland-10-years-in-the-european-space-agency/.
10. ↑ "PW-Sat, Poland's first satellite launched into orbit". 2012-10-03. http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/PW_Sat_Poland_first_satellite_launched_into_orbit_999.html.
11. ↑ "Nowy wiceprezes Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej" (in pl). 2021-11-22. https://polsa.gov.pl/wydarzenia/nowy-wiceprezes-polskiej-agencji-kosmicznej/.
12. ↑ Zacher, Iga. "Marek Banaszkiewicz will lead POLSA". https://kosmonauta.net/2015/07/marek-banaszkiewicz-will-lead-polsa/.
13. ↑ "Szef Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej: agencja może przynieść Polsce korzyści" (in pl). 2015-02-09. http://naukawpolsce.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,403735,szef-polskiej-agencji-kosmicznej-agencja-moze-przyniesc-polsce-korzysci.html.
14. ↑ "Prof. Marek Banaszkiewicz Prezesem Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej" (in pl). 2014-12-14. http://www.mg.gov.pl:80/node/22308.
15. ↑ "About - ENTRUSTED". https://entrusted.eu/about-entrusted/entrusted.
16. ↑ Moroz, Michał. "Grzegorz Brona appointed as the new director of the Polish Space Agency". https://kosmonauta.net/2018/03/grzegorz-brona-appointed-as-the-new-director-of-the-polish-space-agency/.
17. ↑ Burtan, Grzegorz. "Dyrektor Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej nagle odwołany. Wiemy, co dalej z instytucją". https://tech.wp.pl/dyrektor-polskiej-agencji-kosmicznej-nagle-odwolany-wiemy-co-dalej-z-instytucja,6366359691028097a.
18. ↑ Kanawka, Krzysztof. "Michal Szaniawski appointed as new head of POLSA". https://kosmonauta.net/2019/10/michal-szaniawski-appointed-as-new-head-of-polsa/.
19. ↑ "Grzegorz Brona zrezygnował z prezesury PAK. Michał Szaniawski p.o. Prezesa PAK". https://www.urania.edu.pl/wiadomosci/grzegorz-brona-zrezygnowal-z-prezesury-pak-michal-szaniawski-po-prezesa-pak.
20. ↑ "Grzegorz Wrochna nowym prezesem Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej". https://bank.pl/grzegorz-wrochna-nowym-prezesem-polskiej-agencji-kosmicznej/.
21. ↑ Webster, Eve (19 February 2025). "SpaceX rocket debris crashes into Poland". https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62z3vxjplpo.
22. ↑ Dossett, Julian (20 February 2025). "SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket debris creates dramatic fireball over Europe, crashes in Poland (video)". https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/spacex-falcon-9-rocket-debris-creates-dramatic-fireball-over-europe-crashes-in-poland.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 "Polish Space Agency President Sacked Over Falcon 9 Debris Controversy". 11 March 2025. https://europeanspaceflight.com/polish-space-agency-president-sacked-over-falcon-9-debris-controversy/.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Parsonson, Andrew (2 May 2025). "New Polish Space Agency Chief Named After Abrupt Exit of Predecessor". https://europeanspaceflight.com/new-polish-space-agency-chief-named-after-abrupt-exit-of-predecessor/.
25. ↑ Foust, Jeff (18 August 2023). "Poland signs agreement to fly astronaut on Axiom Space ISS mission". https://spacenews.com/poland-signs-agreement-to-fly-astronaut-on-axiom-space-iss-mission/.
26. ↑ Rzhevkina, Anna. "Poland signals stellar ambitions as it increases its contribution to the European Space Agency" (in en). https://sciencebusiness.net/news/aerospace/poland-signals-stellar-ambitions-it-increases-its-contribution-european-space-agency?check_logged_in=1.
27. ↑ "ignis". https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ignis.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 ""Ignis" Mission: Poland's Historic Leap into Space". https://www.gov.pl/web/primeminister/ignis-mission-polands-historic-leap-into-space.
29. ↑ "Ax-4 Launch". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6791.
30. ↑ "ignis" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ignis.
31. ↑ Dinner, Josh (July 14, 2025). "Private Ax-4 astronauts depart ISS after unexpected extended stay" (in en). https://www.space.com/space-exploration/private-spaceflight/private-ax-4-astronauts-depart-iss-after-unexpected-extended-stay-video.
32. ↑ Dinner, Josh (July 15, 2025). "Private Ax-4 astronauts splash down aboard SpaceX capsule to conclude ISS mission (video)" (in en). https://www.space.com/space-exploration/private-spaceflight/private-ax-4-astronauts-splash-down-aboard-spacex-capsule-to-conclude-iss-mission.
33. ↑ "In 10 years, Poles will be on the moon: POLSA president". https://tvpworld.com/72768637/in-10-years-poles-will-be-on-the-moon-polsa-president.
34. ↑ "Poland aims for the moon in next decade". 20 September 2023. https://spacewatch.global/2023/09/poland-aims-for-the-moon-in-next-decade/.
35. ↑ "Poland Hosts Talks on the Artemis Space Program". https://polsa.gov.pl/news/poland-hosts-talks-on-the-artemis-space-program/.
36. ↑ Adamowski, Jarosław (6 March 2018). "Polish Space Agency eyes $420M program to develop satellites, space R&D". https://spacenews.com/polish-space-agency-eyes-420m-program-to-develop-satellites-space-rd/.
37. ↑ Adamowski, Jarosław (18 March 2022). "Poland, Virgin Orbit partner on Eastern Europe satellite launch initiative". https://spacenews.com/poland-virgin-orbit-partner-on-eastern-europe-launch-initiative/.
38. ↑ Magnuson, Stew. "AVALON NEWS: Polish Space Agency Seeking Partnerships 'Down Under'". https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2023/3/2/polish-space-agency-seeking-partnerships-down-under.
39. ↑ "Historic milestone for Polish space science as they successfully launch Eagleeye satellite". Associated Press. 18 August 2024. https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/08/18/historic-milestone-for-polish-pace-science-as-they-successfully-launch-eagleeye-satellite.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "The First Commercial Order For Creotech's HyperSat Smallsat Platform Is Received". https://news.satnews.com/2021/10/19/the-first-commercial-order-for-creotechs-hypersat-smallsat-platform-is-received/.
41. ↑ Adamowski, Jarosław. "Polish Armed Forces enlist industry consortium for imaging nanosatellites". https://spacenews.com/polish-armed-forces-enlist-industry-consortium-for-imaging-nanosatellites/.
42. ↑ Gizmajer, Marek (26 September 2024). "Cosmic progress as Poland rockets into space age". https://polandweekly.com/2024/09/26/cosmic-progress-as-poland-rockets-into-space-age/.
43. ↑ "Polish constellation of observation microsatellites for security and defense purposes – key agreement signed". 25 June 2021. https://ilot.lukasiewicz.gov.pl/en/polish-constellation-of-observation-microsatellites-for-security-and-defense-purposes-key-agreement-signed/.
44. ↑ "PIAST and MILGEOMED projects at Military University of Technology". https://scienceinpoland.pl/en/news/news,95255,piast-and-milgeomed-projects-military-university-technology.html.
45. ↑ "Creotech Instruments reaches another milestone in PIAST project". https://creotech.pl/news/creotech-reaches-another-milestone-in-piast-project/.
46. ↑ "Poland's PIAST satellites establish two-way contact after Falcon 9 launch". https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3614420,poland’s-piast-satellites-establish-twoway-contact-after-falcon-9-launch.
47. ↑ Ptak, Alicja (31 October 2023). "Poland signs agreement to launch first satellite constellation". https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/10/31/poland-signs-agreement-to-launch-first-satellite-constellation/.
48. ↑ Berger, Brian (4 July 2016). "Poland signs space partnership deal with China, eyes increased industry cooperation". https://spacenews.com/poland-signs-space-partnership-deal-with-china-eyes-increased-industry-cooperation/.
49. ↑ "Polskie urządzenia poleciały w kosmos razem z chińskim modułem orbitalnym". https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news,411180,polskie-urzadzenia-polecialy-w-kosmos-razem-z-chinskim-modulem-orbitalnym.html.
50. ↑ Produit, N.; Bao, T. W.; Batsch, T.; Bernasconi, T.; Britvich, I.; Cadoux, F.; Cernuda, I.; Chai, J. Y. et al. (1 January 2018). "Design and construction of the POLAR detector". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 877: 259–268. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.053. ISSN 0168-9002. Bibcode: 2018NIMPA.877..259P. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168900217310239. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
51. ↑ Liptak, Andrew (20 July 2019). "China has deorbited its experimental space station". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/20/20701831/china-tiangong-2-deorbited-experimental-space-station.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Chiny budują stację kosmiczną. Eksperci alarmują: niepokój wzbudza możliwość rozwoju technologii wojskowych". https://polskieradio24.pl/artykul/2838113,chiny-buduja-stacje-kosmiczna-eksperci-alarmuja-niepokoj-wzbudza-mozliwosc-rozwoju-technologii-wojskowych.
53. ↑ Hulsman, Johannes; Azzarello, Philipp; Bayer, Joerg; Cadoux, Franck; Celato, Mariachiara; De Angelis, Nicolas; Favre, Yannick; Feder, Aaron et al. (2025). "POLAR-2 – Latest Developments of the Next Generation GRB Polarimeter". Proceedings of 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2025). p. 687. doi:10.22323/1.501.0687.
54. ↑ "TelePIX, South Korean Startup, Signs Deal to Provide Earth Observation Imagery Data from its BlueBon Satellite". PR Newswire (Press release). Retrieved 12 February 2024.
55. ↑ Jong-hyun, Lee (5 February 2025). "Telepix launches world's first blue carbon monitoring satellite BlueBON". https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-science/2025/02/05/K4WGXDBLPJE23CDKTMLKYK5S44/.
56. ↑ "Poland Signs Artemis Accords at IAC". 26 October 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/poland-signs-artemis-accords-at-iac/.
57. ↑ Foust, Jeff (27 October 2021). "Poland signs Artemis Accords". https://spacenews.com/poland-signs-artemis-accords/.
58. ↑ "Cosmic progress as Poland rockets into space age". 26 September 2024. https://polandweekly.com/2024/09/26/cosmic-progress-as-poland-rockets-into-space-age/.
59. ↑ "USSPACECOM, Polish Ministry of National Defence, and Polish Space Agency Sign Space Situational Awareness Sharing Agreement". 19 April 2023. https://www.spoc.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3369538/usspacecom-polish-ministry-of-national-defence-and-polish-space-agency-sign-spa.
60. ↑ "Obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" (in pl). 2020-10-21. https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20200001957/T/D20201957L.pdf.
61. ↑ "Powołano nowego wiceprezesa Polskiej Agencji Kosmicznej" (in pl). 2021-03-02. https://www.urania.edu.pl/wiadomosci/powolano-nowego-wiceprezesa-polskiej-agencji-kosmicznej.

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish Space Agency. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Organization:Polish_Space_Agency&oldid=4187467"