Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Short description: Laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Established| 1961; 65 years ago (1961)
Budget| $116 million (2021)

Field of research

| Fusion, Plasma Physics, Quantum Information Sciences, Microelectronics, Sustainability Sciences
Vice president| David J. McComas
Director| Steven Cowley[1]
Address| 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey
Location| Plainsboro Township, New Jersey, United States
[ ⚑ ] : 40°20′56″N 74°36′08″W﻿ / ﻿40.348825°N 74.602183°W﻿ / 40.348825; -74.602183

ZIP Code

| 08536
Campus| Forrestal Campus
Affiliations| United States Department of Energy

Operating agency

| Princeton University
Website| pppl.gov
Map

Location in New Jersey

The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory for plasma physics and nuclear fusion science. Its primary mission is research into and development of fusion as an energy source. It is known for the development of the stellarator and tokamak designs, along with numerous fundamental advances in plasma physics and the exploration of many other plasma confinement concepts.

PPPL grew out of the top-secret Cold War project to control thermonuclear reactions, called Project Matterhorn. The focus of this program changed from H-bombs to fusion power in 1951, when Lyman Spitzer developed the stellarator concept and was granted funding from the Atomic Energy Commission to study the concept. This led to a series of machines in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1961, after declassification, Project Matterhorn was renamed the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.[2]

PPPL's stellarators proved unable to meet their performance goals. In 1968, Soviet's claims of excellent performance on their tokamaks generated intense scepticism, and to test it, PPPL's Model C stellarator was converted to a tokamak. It verified the Soviet claims, and since that time, PPPL has been a worldwide leader in tokamak theory and design, building a series of record-breaking machines including the Princeton Large Torus, TFTR and many others. Dozens of smaller machines were also built to test particular problems and solutions, including the ATC, NSTX, and LTX.

PPPL is operated by Princeton University on the Forrestal Campus in Plainsboro Township, New Jersey.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Formation
* 1.2 Tokamak
* 1.3 Later designs
* 1.4 Research on artificial intelligence (AI) for fusion
* 2 Directors
* 3 Timeline of major research projects and experiments
* 4 Other domestic and international research activities
* 4.1 Plasma science and technology
* 4.2 Theoretical plasma physics
* 5 Transportation
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

### Formation

In 1950, John Wheeler was setting up a secret H-bomb research lab at Princeton University. Lyman Spitzer, Jr., an avid mountaineer, was aware of this program and suggested the name "Project Matterhorn".[3]

Spitzer, a professor of astronomy, had for many years been involved in the study of very hot rarefied gases in interstellar space. While leaving for a ski trip to Aspen in February 1951, his father called and told him to read the front page of the New York Times. The paper had a story about claims released the day before in Argentina that a relatively unknown German scientist named Ronald Richter had achieved nuclear fusion in his Huemul Project.[4] Spitzer ultimately dismissed these claims, and they were later proven erroneous, but the story got him thinking about fusion. While riding the chairlift at Aspen, he struck upon a new concept to confine a plasma for long periods so it could be heated to fusion temperatures. He called this concept the stellarator.

Later that year he took this design to the Atomic Energy Commission in Washington. As a result of this meeting and a review of the invention by scientists throughout the nation, the stellarator proposal was funded in 1951. As the device would produce high-energy neutrons, which could be used for breeding weapon fuel, the program was classified and carried out as part of Project Matterhorn. Matterhorn ultimately ended its involvement in the bomb field in 1954, becoming entirely devoted to the fusion power field.

In 1958, this magnetic fusion research was declassified following the United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. This generated an influx of graduate students eager to learn the "new" physics, which in turn influenced the lab to concentrate more on basic research.[5]

The early figure-8 stellarators included: Model-A, Model-B, Model-B2, Model-B3.[6] Model-B64 was a square with round corners, and Model-B65 had a racetrack configuration.[6] The last and most powerful stellarator at this time was the "racetrack" Model C (operating from 1961 to 1969).[7]

### Tokamak

By the mid-1960s it was clear something was fundamentally wrong with the stellarators, as they leaked fuel at rates far beyond what theory predicted, rates that carried away energy from the plasma that was far beyond what the fusion reactions could ever produce. Spitzer became extremely skeptical that fusion energy was possible and expressed this opinion in very public fashion in 1965 at an international meeting in the UK. At the same meeting, the Soviet delegation announced results about 10 times better than any previous device, which Spitzer dismissed as a measurement error.

At the next meeting in 1968, the Soviets presented considerable data from their devices that showed even greater performance, about 100 times the Bohm diffusion limit. An enormous argument broke out between the AEC and the various labs about whether this was real. When a UK team verified the results in 1969, the AEC suggested PPPL to convert their Model C to a tokamak to test it, as the only lab willing to build one from scratch, Oak Ridge, would need some time to build theirs. Seeing the possibility of being bypassed in the fusion field, PPPL eventually agreed to convert the Model C to what became the Symmetric Tokamak (ST), quickly verifying the approach.

Two small machines followed the ST, exploring ways to heat the plasma, and then the Princeton Large Torus (PLT) to test whether the theory that larger machines would be more stable was true. Starting in 1975, PLT verified these "scaling laws" and then went on to add neutral beam injection from Oak Ridge that resulted in a series of record-setting plasma temperatures, eventually topping out at 78 million kelvins, well beyond what was needed for a practical fusion power system. Its success was major news.

With this string of successes, PPPL had little trouble winning the bid to build an even larger machine, one specifically designed to reach "breakeven" while running on an actual fusion fuel, rather than a test gas. This produced the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, or TFTR, which was completed in 1982. After a lengthy breaking-in period, TFTR began slowly increasing the temperature and density of the fuel, while introducing deuterium gas as the fuel. In April 1986, it demonstrated a combination of density and confinement, the so-called fusion triple product, well beyond what was needed for a practical reactor. In July, it reached a temperature of 200 million kelvins, far beyond what was needed. However, when the system was operated with both of these conditions at the same time, a high enough triple product and temperature, the system became unstable. Three years of effort failed to address these issues, and TFTR never reached its goal.[8] The system continued performing basic studies on these problems until being shut down in 1997.[9] Beginning in 1993, TFTR was the first in the world to use 1:1 mixtures of deuterium–tritium. In 1994 it yielded an unprecedented 10.7 megawatts of fusion power.[9]

### Later designs

In 1999, the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), based on the spherical tokamak concept, came online at the PPPL.

In 2015, PPPL completed an upgrade to NSTX to produce NSTX-U that made it the most powerful experimental fusion facility, or tokamak, of its type in the world.[10]

In 2024, the lab announced MUSE, a new stellarator. MUSE uses rare-earth permanent magnets with a field strength that can exceed 1.2 teslas. The device uses quasiaxisymmetry, a subtype of quasisymmetry. The research team claimed that its use of quasisymmetry was more sophisticated than prior devices.[11] Also in 2024, PPL announced a reinforcement learning model that could forecast tearing mode instabilities up to 300 milliseconds in advance. That is enough time for the plasma controller to adjust operating parameters to prevent the tear and maintain H-mode performance.[12][13]

### Research on artificial intelligence (AI) for fusion

PPPL is also leading the Simulation, Technology, and Experiment Leveraging Learning-Accelerated Research enabled by AI (STELLAR-AI ): a high performance computing platform for fusion energy simulations that will include CPUs, GPUs, and QPUs. The platform is a part of the DOE's national Genesis Mission.[14] STELLAR-AI will be used for both tokamak and stellarator research, as it is being used to make a digital twin of NSTX-U and for a separate project known as StellFoundry. PPPL's StellFoundry project is using AI to expedite stellarator design, so that the configurations that are ideal for producing the temperatures, pressures and stability needed for efficient energy production via fusion.[15]

The Lab also conducts AI for fusion research on tokamaks at other facilities. PPPL researchers were involved in experiments where they successfully demonstrated the use of their machine learning system on DIII-D and KSTAR, using it to suppress instabilities known as edge localize modes while maintaining plasma performance.[16] The Lab's researchers were also involved in a project to create an AI system that provide missing sensor data. The system, known as Diag2Diag, offers more detailed data than the real-world sensor could have provided and could ultimately reduce the cost of commercial fusion systems by reducing the number of diagnostics required.[17][18] Other AI research at PPPL includes improved models for plasma heating[19][20] and better identification methods for the magnetic shadows in fusion reactors.[21][22]

## Directors

The following persons served as the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory director:[23]

No. | Image  | Director  | Term start  | Term end  | Refs.

|
|
|
|
|

1  | 70px  | Lyman Spitzer[lower-alpha 1] | 1951  | 1961  |
2  |  | Melvin B. Gottlieb[lower-alpha 2] | 1961  | 1980  |
3  | 70px  | Harold Fürth | 1981  | 1990  |
4  |  | Ronald C. Davidson | 1991  | December 31, 1996  | [9][25]
interim  |  | John A. Schmidt  | January 1, 1997  | June 30, 1997  | [9]
5  |  | Robert J. Goldston  | July 1, 1997  | 2008  | [26][27][28]
6  |  | Stewart C. Prager  | 2008  | September 26, 2016  | [29][30][31]
interim  |  | Terrence K. Brog  | September 26, 2016  | September 2017  | [32]
interim  |  | Richard J. Hawryluk  | September 2017  | June 30, 2018  | [33]
7  | 70px  | Steven Cowley  | July 1, 2018  | present  | [34]

Table notes:

1. ↑ Spitzer was director of Project Matterhorn
2. ↑ In 1961 Gottlieb became the first director of the renamed Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.[24]

## Timeline of major research projects and experiments

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width:25 fontsize:9 textcolor:black anchor:from align:left color:dir shift:(0,-4) bar:dir
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from:1961  till:1980  color: dir2  text: "Gottlieb"
from:1981  till:1990  text: "Fürth"
from:1991  till:1996  color: dir2  text: "Davidson"
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from:2018  till:end   text: "Cowley"

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bar:fusion1  from:1970  till:1974  shift:(0,-4)  color:tok  text: "Symmetric Tokamak"
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bar:fusion1  from:1982  till:1997  shift:(0,-4)  color:tok  text: "Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor"
bar:fusion1  from:1999  till:end   shift:(0,-4)  color:sphtok  text: "National Spherical Torus Experiment"

width:25 fontsize:10 textcolor:black anchor:from align:left color:other barset:other
bar:fusion3  from:1971  till:1976  shift:(0,-4)  color:sphe  text: "Floating Multipole-1"
bar:fusion4  from:1972  till:1976  shift:(0,-4)  color:tok   text: "Adiabatic Toroidal Compressor"
bar:fusion5  from:1978  till:1983  shift:(0,-4)  text: "Poloidal Divertor Experiment"
bar:fusion6  from:1984  till:1992  shift:(0,-4)  text: "Princeton Beta Experiment"
bar:fusion3  from:2005  till:2008  shift:(0,-4)  color:sphtok  text: "Current Drive Experiment"
bar:fusion4  from:2008  till:end   shift:(0,-4)  color:sphtok  text: "Lithium Tokamak Experiment"
bar:fusion5  from:1995  till:end   shift:(0,-4)  text: "Magnetic Reconnection Experiment"
bar:fusion6  from:1999  till:end   shift:(0,-4)  text: "Hall Thruster Experiment"
from:2008  till:end   shift:(0,-4)  text: "Field Reversed Configuration"

</timeline>

## Other domestic and international research activities

Laboratory scientists are collaborating with researchers on fusion science and technology at other facilities, including DIII-D in San Diego, EAST in China, JET in the United Kingdom, KSTAR in South Korea, the LHD in Japan, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device in Germany, and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in France.[35]

PPPL manages the U.S. ITER project activities together with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Savannah River National Laboratory. The lab delivered 75% of components for the fusion energy experiment's electrical network in 2017 and has been leading the design and construction of six diagnostic tools for analyzing ITER plasmas. The PPPL physicist Richard Hawryluk served as ITER Deputy Director-General from 2011 to 2013. In 2022, PPPL staff developed with researchers from other national labs and universities over several months a US ITER research plan during the joint Fusion Energy Sciences Research Needs Workshop.[36]

Staff are applying knowledge gained in fusion research to a number of theoretical and experimental areas including materials science, solar physics, chemistry, and manufacturing. PPPL also aims to speed the development of fusion energy through the development of an increased number of public-private partnerships.[37][38][39]

### Plasma science and technology

* Beam Dynamics and Nonneutral Plasma
* Laboratory for Plasma Nanosynthesis (LPN)[40]

### Theoretical plasma physics

* DOE Scientific Simulation Initiative
* U.S. MHD Working Group
* Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) Theory Consortium
* Tokamak Physics Design and Analysis Codes
* TRANSP Code
* National Transport Code Collaboration (NTCC) Modules Library

## Transportation

Tiger Transit's Route 3 runs to Forrestal Campus and terminates at PPPL.

## See also

* Project Sherwood
* National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX)

## References

1. ↑ "10 Questions for Steven Cowley, New Director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory | Princeton Plasma Physics Lab". https://www.pppl.gov/news/press-releases/2018/06/10-questions-steven-cowley-new-director-princeton-plasma-physics.
2. ↑ Tanner, Earl C. (1977) Project Matterhorn: an informal history Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, p. 77, OCLC 80717532.
3. ↑ "Timeline". https://www.pppl.gov/about/history/timeline.
4. ↑ Burke, James (1999) The Knowledge Web: From Electronic Agents to Stonehenge and Back – And Other Journeys Through Knowledge Simon & Schuster, New York, pp. 241–242, ISBN 0-684-85934-3.
5. ↑ Bromberg, Joan Lisa (1982) Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, p. 97, ISBN 0-262-02180-3.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Highlights in Early Stellarator Research at Princeton. Stix. 1997". http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf.
7. ↑ Yoshikawa, S.; Stix, T.H. (1985-09-01). "Experiments on the Model C stellarator". Nuclear Fusion 25 (9): 1275–1279. doi:10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/047. ISSN 0029-5515. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/047.
8. ↑ Meade, Dale (September 1988). "Results and Plans for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor". Journal of Fusion Energy 7 (2–3): 107. doi:10.1007/BF01054629. Bibcode: 1988JFuE....7..107M.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Staff (1996) "Fusion Lab Planning Big Reactor's Last Run", The Record, 22 December 1996, p. N-07.
10. ↑ "National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U)". https://www.pppl.gov/nstx.
11. ↑ Paul, Andrew (2024-04-05). "Stellarator fusion reactor gets new life thanks to a creative magnet workaround" (in en-US). https://www.popsci.com/environment/stellarator-fusion-reactor/.
12. ↑ "AI can predict and prevent fusion plasma instabilities in milliseconds" (in en). March 4, 2024. https://www.ans.org/news/article-5835/ai-can-predict-and-prevent-fusion-plasma-instabilities-in-milliseconds/.
13. ↑ Seo, Jaemin; Kim, SangKyeun; Jalalvand, Azarakhsh; Conlin, Rory; Rothstein, Andrew; Abbate, Joseph; Erickson, Keith; Wai, Josiah et al. (2024). "Avoiding fusion plasma tearing instability with deep reinforcement learning" (in en). Nature 626 (8000): 746–751. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07024-9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 10881383. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07024-9.
14. ↑ "PPPL-led STELLAR-AI to advance fusion research" (in en). https://www.ans.org/news/2026-01-28/article-7714/ppplled-stellarai-to-advance-fusion-research/.
15. ↑ "Bringing fusion energy to the grid using artificial intelligence | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory" (in en). https://www.pppl.gov/news/2026/bringing-fusion-energy-grid-using-artificial-intelligence.
16. ↑ "AI approach elevates plasma performance and stability across fusion devices | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory" (in en). https://www.pppl.gov/news/2024/ai-approach-elevates-plasma-performance-and-stability-across-fusion-devices.
17. ↑ "New AI enhances the view inside fusion energy systems | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory" (in en). https://www.pppl.gov/news/2025/new-ai-enhances-view-inside-fusion-energy-systems.
18. ↑ Jalalvand, Azarakhsh; Kim, SangKyeun; Seo, Jaemin; Hu, Qiming; Curie, Max; Steiner, Peter; Nelson, Andrew Oakleigh; Na, Yong-Su et al. (2025-09-26). "Multimodal super-resolution: discovering hidden physics and its application to fusion plasmas" (in en). Nature Communications 16 (1): 8506. doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63492-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 41006246. PMC 12475251. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63492-1.
19. ↑ "New AI models of plasma heating lead to important corrections in computer code used for fusion research | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory" (in en). https://www.pppl.gov/news/2024/new-ai-models-plasma-heating-lead-important-corrections-computer-code-used-fusion.
20. ↑ Sánchez-Villar, Á.; Bai, Z.; Bertelli, N.; Bethel, E.W.; Hillairet, J.; Perciano, T.; Shiraiwa, S.; Wallace, G.M. et al. (2024-08-12). (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Citoid/WMF (mailto:noc@wikimedia.org)&ssu=&ssv=&ssw=&ssx=eyJfX3V6bWYiOiI3ZjkwMDA3ZTZmOTdiYy1mNjk0LTQ4MzEtOTMwYS01OTY0ZWFlZTI1N2ExLTE3NzAxMjg0NzU1NDcwLTAwMjE2ZjQ4MTc4ZThlYTgwMDgxMCIsInV6bXgiOiI3ZjkwMDA5Y2VmZTlmOC1mNDM3LTRmOGQtYjdlMy04NzlhNTA3NDNmOGMxLTE3NzAxMjg0NzU1NDcwLWJiNDQ2NWM4MWZmZGFmODUxMCIsInJkIjoiaW9wLm9yZyJ9 "Real-time capable modeling of ICRF heating on NSTX and WEST via machine learning approaches". Nuclear Fusion 64 (9): 096039. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ad645d. ISSN 0029-5515. https://validate.perfdrive.com/fb803c746e9148689b3984a31fccd902/?ssa=1af35443-96e5-4b1f-9bd7-d4efead4bab7&ssb=20808275581&ssc=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/ad645d&ssi=1c1381ec-cnvj-47ff-86ec-1f92e0f0a0c1&ssk=botmanager_support@radware.com&ssm=17098571354796396103786844098971&ssn=b0ebce7e20c872c1b78e9effdeb2dbcdd38c7e6f97bc-f694-4831-999195&sso=1965d30a-5964eaee257af1d86945ebf12ebeb8f98564825c0c56edce&ssp=00473350121770118884177016495367193&ssq=57895992847504088738928475983053431201269&ssr=MjA4LjgwLjE1My43Mg==&sst=Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/110.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Citoid/WMF (mailto:noc@wikimedia.org)&ssu=&ssv=&ssw=&ssx=eyJfX3V6bWYiOiI3ZjkwMDA3ZTZmOTdiYy1mNjk0LTQ4MzEtOTMwYS01OTY0ZWFlZTI1N2ExLTE3NzAxMjg0NzU1NDcwLTAwMjE2ZjQ4MTc4ZThlYTgwMDgxMCIsInV6bXgiOiI3ZjkwMDA5Y2VmZTlmOC1mNDM3LTRmOGQtYjdlMy04NzlhNTA3NDNmOGMxLTE3NzAxMjg0NzU1NDcwLWJiNDQ2NWM4MWZmZGFmODUxMCIsInJkIjoiaW9wLm9yZyJ9.
21. ↑ "Finding the shadows in a fusion system faster with AI | Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory" (in en). https://www.pppl.gov/news/2025/finding-shadows-fusion-system-faster-ai.
22. ↑ Corona, D.; d'Abusco, M. Scotto; Churchill, M.; Munaretto, S.; Kleiner, A.; Wingen, A.; Looby, T. (2025-08-01). "Shadow masks predictions in SPARC tokamak plasma-facing components using HEAT code and machine learning methods". Fusion Engineering and Design 217. doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115010. ISSN 0920-3796. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920379625002108.
23. ↑ "History". https://www.pppl.gov/history.cfm.
24. ↑ Bromberg, Joan Lisa (1982). Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 130. ISBN 0-262-02180-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=ECOvgg7b3MQC&pg=PA130.
25. ↑ "Davidson Stepping Down at PPPL". Fusion Power Associates. October 18, 1996. https://aries.pppl.gov/FPA/ARC96/fpn19.shtml.
26. ↑ Stern, Robert (December 15, 2007). "Princeton fusion center to lose influential leader". The Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey): p. 20.
27. ↑ "Professor Robert J. Goldston to Lead Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory". Princeton University. June 26, 1997. https://pr.princeton.edu/news/97/q2/0626goldston.html.
28. ↑ Cliatt, Cass (December 13, 2007). "PPPL Director Goldston to step down, search begins for successor". Princeton University. https://www.princeton.edu/news/2007/12/13/pppl-director-goldston-step-down-search-begins-successor.
29. ↑ "Press Release, Prager to lead DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory". http://media-newswire.com/release_1068963.html.
30. ↑ Stevens, Ruth (July 18, 2008). "Prager to lead DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory". Princeton University. https://www.princeton.edu/news/2008/07/18/prager-lead-does-princeton-plasma-physics-laboratory.
31. ↑ "Stewart Prager Steps Down as Director of PPPL". Fusion Power Associates. September 26, 2016. https://qedfusion.org/FPA/ARC16/fpn16-33.shtml.
32. ↑ Bernard, Larry (September 26, 2016). "PPPL Director Stewart Prager Steps Down". https://www.pppl.gov/news/2016/09/pppl-director-stewart-prager-steps-down.
33. ↑ DeVoe, Jeanne Jackson (September 8, 2017). "PPPL has a new interim director and is moving ahead with construction of prototype magnets". https://www.pppl.gov/news/2017/09/pppl-has-new-interim-director-and-moving-ahead-construction-prototype-magnets.
34. ↑ "Steven Cowley named director of DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory". 2018-05-16. https://www.princeton.edu/news/2018/05/16/steven-cowley-named-director-does-princeton-plasma-physics-laboratory.
35. ↑ "ITER and other Collaborations". https://www.pppl.gov/research/iter-and-other-collaborations.
36. ↑ "Fusion Energy Sciences Research Needs Workshop". https://www.iterresearch.us/.
37. ↑ "Future entrepreneurs get outside their comfort zone in Energy I-Corps workshop". https://innovation.princeton.edu/news/2021/future-entrepreneurs-get-outside-their-comfort-zone-energy-i-corps-workshop.
38. ↑ "New public-private partnership comes to PPPL through a novel program to speed the development of fusion energy". https://www.newswise.com/doescience/new-public-private-partnership-comes-to-pppl-through-a-novel-program-to-speed-the-development-of-fusion-energy/?article_id=764674.
39. ↑ "Princeton Plasma Physics Lab Teams Up With Tech Start-Up". https://www.miragenews.com/princeton-plasma-physics-lab-teams-up-with-tech-939175/.
40. ↑ "Laboratory for Plasma Nanosynthesis (LPN)", Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, accessed 16 May 2018.

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* Project Matterhorn Publications and Reports, 1951–1958. Princeton University Library Digital Collections
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* Prospect House
* Residential Colleges
* Butler
* Forbes
* Mathey
* Rockefeller
* Whitman
* Wilson
* Graduate
* The Hedgehog and the Fox
* Walter Lowrie House
* Washington Road Elm Allée

Princetoniana|

* Lists of people
* American Whig-Clisophic Society
* Nobel laureates
* Presidents
* Evelyn College for Women
* FitzRandolph Gate
* Newman Day
* "Old Nassau"
* Princeton Club of New York
* Princeton Law School
* Reunions
* Jane Eliza Procter Fellowship

Presidents|

* Dickinson
* Burr
* Edwards
* Davies
* Finley
* Witherspoon
* Smith
* Green
* Carnahan
* Maclean
* McCosh
* Patton
* Wilson
* Hibben
* Dodds
* Goheen
* Bowen
* Shapiro
* Tilghman
* Eisgruber

Publications|

* The Daily Princetonian
* The Princeton Tory
* The Nassau Weekly
* Princeton Alumni Weekly
* Princeton Tiger Magazine
* Princeton University Press

Organizations|

* AlumniCorps
* American Whig-Cliosophic Society
* Footnotes
* Orchestra
* Glee Club
* Katzenjammers
* Nassoons
* Theatre Intime
* Tigertones
* Triangle Club
* Two Dickinson Street Co-op
* WPRB

Athletics|

| Sports|

* Ivy League
* Big Three
* Princeton Tigers
* Basketball
* Men's
* Women's
* Football
* Ice Hockey
* Men's
* Women's
* Lacrosse
* Men's
* Women's
* Rugby
* Men's soccer

|

Facilities|

* Hobey Baker Rink
* Bill Clarke Field
* Class of 1952 Stadium
* Dillon Gymnasium
* Jadwin Gymnasium
* University Field (defunct)
* Palmer Stadium (defunct)
* Princeton University Stadium
* Roberts Stadium
* Shea Rowing Center

Rivalries|

* 1869 New Jersey vs. Rutgers football game
* 1922 Princeton vs. Chicago football game
* Rutgers–Princeton Cannon War

Spirit|

* The First Game
* "Princeton Cannon Song"
* Princeton University Band
* Winged football helmet

Related|

* In popular culture

See also
Princeton, New Jersey

* v
* t
* e

Agencies under the United States Department of Energy

* Headquarters: James V. Forrestal Building

* Dan Brouillette, Secretary of Energy
* Vacant, Deputy Secretary of Energy

Deputy Secretary of Energy|

* Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
* Energy Information Administration
* Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

Under Secretary of Energy
for Energy and Environment|

* Office of Electricity
* Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security|

* National Nuclear Security Administration

Under Secretary of Energy for Science|

* Office of Science
* OSTI

Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy|

Office of Nuclear Energy

Power Marketing Administration|

* Bonneville Power Administration
* Southeastern Power Administration
* Southwestern Power Administration
* Western Area Power Administration

National Laboratory System|

* Ames
* Argonne
* NBL
* CNM
* APS
* ATLAS
* EMC
* Berkeley
* ALS
* MF
* NCEM
* NERSCC
* ESN
* JGI
* Brookhaven
* AGS
* CFN
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* NSLS II
* RHIC
* Fermilab
* TeV
* Idaho
* RESL
* JLab
* Livermore
* NARAC
* NIF
* Los Alamos
* DARHTF
* NETL
* Albany
* NREL
* Oak Ridge
* SNS
* CNMS
* HFIR
* NCCS
* Pacific Northwest
* EMSL
* PPPL
* NSTX
* TFTR
* SRNL
* Sandia
* Z
* SLAC
* SSRL

Energy Department Facilities and Reservations|

* Fernald NLO
* Hanford
* K-25
* Kansas City Plant
* Nevada Test Site
* Area 19
* Area 20
* NHHOR
* Pantex
* Rocky Flats
* SSFL
* ETEC
* SRE
* SRS
* SPR
* WIPP
* Y-12
* Yucca Mountain

Independent Agency|

* Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

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