Xiph.Org Foundation

Short description: Nonprofit organization that produces free multimedia formats and software tools

Xiph.Org Foundation

Founded| 1994; 32 years ago (1994)
Founder| Christopher Montgomery
Type| 501(c)(3)
Location|

* Somerville, Massachusetts, United States

Area served

| Worldwide
Products| Free multimedia formats, libraries, and streaming software

Key people

| Christopher Montgomery, Jack Moffitt, Ralph Giles (Theora), Jean-Marc Valin (Speex, CELT, Opus),[1] Josh Coalson (FLAC), Michael Smith, Timothy B. Terriberry[2][3][4][5]
Website| xiph.org

Xiph.Org Foundation is a nonprofit organization that produces free multimedia formats and software tools. It focuses on the Ogg family of formats, the most successful of which has been Vorbis, an open and freely licensed audio format and codec designed to compete with the patented WMA, MP3 and AAC. As of 2013, development work was focused on Daala, an open and patent-free video format and codec designed to compete with VP9 and the patented High Efficiency Video Coding.

In addition to its in-house development work, the foundation has also brought several already-existing but complementary free software projects under its aegis, most of which have a separate, active group of developers. These include Speex, an audio codec designed for speech, and FLAC, a lossless audio codec.

The Xiph.Org Foundation has criticized Microsoft and the RIAA for their lack of openness.[6] They state that if companies like Microsoft had owned patents on the Internet, then other companies would have tried to compete, and "The Net, as designed by warring corporate entities, would be a battleground of incompatible and expensive 'standards' had it actually survived at all." They also criticize the RIAA for their support of projects such as the Secure Digital Music Initiative.

In 2008, the Free Software Foundation listed the Xiph.Org projects as High Priority Free Software Projects.[7]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Xiph.Org Foundation projects
* 2.1 OpenCodecs
* 2.2 QuickTime Components
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## History

Chris Montgomery, creator of the Ogg container format, founded the Xiphophorus company and later the Xiph.Org Foundation.[8] The first work that became the Ogg media projects started in 1994.[9] The name "Xiph" abbreviates the original organizational name, "Xiphophorus", named after the common swordtail fish, Xiphophorus hellerii.[10] It was officially incorporated on 15 May 1996 as Xiphophorus, Inc.[11] The name "Xiphophorus company" was used until 2002,[12][13][14] when it was renamed to Xiph.Org Foundation.[15]

In 1999, the Xiphophorus company defined itself on its website as "a distributed group of Free and Open Source programmers working to protect the foundations of Internet multimedia from domination by self-serving corporate interests."[16]

In 2002, the Xiph.Org Foundation defined itself on its website as "a non-profit corporation dedicated to protecting the foundations of Internet multimedia from control by private interests."[15]

In March 2003, the Xiph.Org Foundation was recognized by the IRS as a 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Organization,[17] which means that U.S. citizens can deduct donations made to Xiph.Org from their taxes.

## Xiph.Org Foundation projects

* Ogg – a multimedia container format, a reference implementation, and the native file and stream format for the Xiph.org multimedia codecs
* Vorbis – a lossy audio compression format and codec
* Theora – a lossy video coding format and codec
* FLAC – a lossless audio compression format and software
* Speex – a lossy speech encoding format and software (deprecated)
* CELT – an ultra-low delay lossy audio compression format that has been merged into Opus, and is now obsolete
* Opus – a low delay lossy audio compression format originally intended for VoIP
* Tremor – an integer-only implementation of the Vorbis audio decoder for embedded devices (software)
* OggPCM – an encapsulation of PCM audio data inside the Ogg container format
* Skeleton – a structuring information for multi-track Ogg files (a logical bitstream within an Ogg stream)[18]
* RTP payloads – containers for Vorbis, Theora, Speex and Opus.
* CMML – an XML-based markup language for time-continuous data (a timed text codec; deprecated)
* Ogg Squish – a lossless audio compression format and software (discontinued)
* Tarkin – an experimental lossy video coding format; no stable release (discontinued)[19]
* Daala – a video coding format and codec[20]
* Kate – an overlay codec that can carry animated text and images.
* libao – an audio-output library that operates on different platforms[21]
* Annodex – an encapsulation format, which interleaves time-continuous data with CMML markup in a streamable manner
* Icecast – an open source multi-platform streaming server (software)
* Ices – a source client for broadcasting in Ogg Vorbis or MP3 format to an icecast2 server (software)
* IceShare – an unfinished peercasting system for Ogg multimedia (no longer maintained)
* cdparanoia – an open source CD Audio extraction tool that aims to be bit-perfect (currently unmaintained)
* XSPF – an XML Shareable Playlist Format

### OpenCodecs

OpenCodecs is a software package for Windows adding DirectShow filters for the Theora and WebM codecs. It adds Theora and WebM support to Windows Media Player and enables HTML5 video in Internet Explorer. It consists of:

* dshow, Xiph's DirectShow filters for their suite of Ogg formats, including Theora and Vorbis
* webmdshow, the DirectShow filter for WebM maintained by the WebM project
* An ActiveX plugin adding HTML5 video capability to Internet Explorer older than version 9

### QuickTime Components

Xiph QuickTime Components are implementations of the Ogg container along with the Speex, Theora, FLAC and Vorbis codecs for QuickTime. It allows users to use Ogg files in any application that uses QuickTime for audio and video file support, such as iTunes and QuickTime Player.

Since QuickTime Components do not function in macOS Sierra and above, the project was discontinued in 2016.[22]

## References

1. ↑ Xiph.Org people.xiph.org - personal webspace of the xiphs - Jean-Marc Valin, Retrieved 2009-09-11
2. ↑ Timothy B. Terriberry (2009). "people.xiph.org - Timothy B. Terriberry, Ph.D.". Xiph.Org. http://people.xiph.org/~tterribe/index.html.
3. ↑ "Summer of Code Mentoring". Xiph.Org. 2009. http://wiki.xiph.org/Summer_of_Code_Mentoring#What_criteria_did_you_use_to_select_these_individuals_as_mentors.3F_Please_be_as_specific_as_possible..
4. ↑ "Minutes of the Xiph.org Monthly Meeting for May 2003". 2003-05-10. http://www.xiph.org/minutes/2003/may/.
5. ↑ "Minutes of the Xiph.org Monthly Meeting for September 2003". Xiph.Org. 2003-09-16. http://www.xiph.org/minutes/2003/september/.
6. ↑ "About". http://xiph.org/about.
7. ↑ "High Priority Free Software Projects". Free Software Foundation. http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html.
8. ↑ "Xiph.org: Contact information". Xiph.org. http://www.xiph.org/contact/.
9. ↑ "A Challenger to MP3?". Tristan Louis. 2001-01-16. http://www.tnl.net/who/bibliography/vorbis.php.
10. ↑ "naming". Xiph.org. http://xiph.org/xiphname.
11. ↑ "XIPHOPHORUS, INC. :: Massachusetts (US)". https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ma/000537262.
12. ↑ Brian Zisk (2000-04-19). "vorbis - Dvorak Interviews Monty". http://lists.xiph.org/pipermail/vorbis/2000-April/012573.html.
13. ↑ Advogado (2000-04-04). "Interview: Christopher Montgomery of Xiphophorus". Advogado. http://www.advogato.org/article/56.html.
14. ↑ Xiphophorus company (2001-12-12). "Xiphophorus home". http://www.xiph.org/index.html.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Xiph.org Foundation (2002-11-27). "Xiph.org home". http://www.xiph.org/.
16. ↑ Xiphophorus company (1999-11-28). "Xiphophorus home". http://xiph.org/.
17. ↑ Xiph.Org (2003-03-24) Speex reaches 1.0; Xiph.Org now a 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Organization, Retrieved 2009-09-01
18. ↑ "Ogg Skeleton 4 - XiphWiki". https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/Ogg_Skeleton.
19. ↑ Michael Smith (2005-08-29) Tarkin, vorbis-dev mailinglist, Retrieved 2009-09-06
20. ↑ "Xiph.org :: daala video". https://xiph.org/daala/.
21. ↑ "libao: a cross platform audio library". Xiph.Org. http://www.xiph.org/ao/. "Libao is a cross-platform audio library that allows programs to output audio using a simple API on a wide variety of platforms."
22. ↑ "XiphQT discontinued". 13 June 2016. https://www.xiph.org/quicktime/.

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Multimedia compression and container formats

Video
compression|

| ISO, IEC, MPEG|

* MJPEG
* Motion JPEG 2000
* MPEG-1
* MPEG-2
* Part 2
* MPEG-4
* Part 2 / ASP
* Part 10 / AVC
* MPEG-H
* Part 2 / HEVC
* MPEG-I
* Part 3 / VVC

|

ITU-T, VCEG|

* H.120
* DCT
* H.261
* H.262
* H.263
* H.264 / AVC
* H.265 / HEVC
* H.266 / VVC
* DV

SMPTE|

* VC-1
* VC-2
* VC-3
* VC-5

TrueMotion|

* TrueMotion S
* DCT
* VP3
* VP6
* VP7
* VP8
* VP9
* AV1

Others|

* Apple Video
* AVS
* Bink
* Cinepak
* Daala
* DVI
* EVC
* FFV1
* Huffyuv
* Indeo
* Lagarith
* Microsoft Video 1
* MSU Lossless
* OMS Video
* Pixlet
* ProRes 422
* ProRes 4444
* QuickTime
* Animation
* Graphics
* RealVideo
* RTVideo
* SheerVideo
* Smacker
* Sorenson Video/Spark
* Theora
* Thor
* WMV
* XEB
* YULS

Audio
compression|

| ISO, IEC, MPEG|

* MPEG-1 Layer II
* Multichannel
* MPEG-1 Layer I
* MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
* AAC
* HE-AAC
* AAC-LD
* MPEG Surround
* MPEG-4 ALS
* MPEG-4 SLS
* MPEG-4 DST
* MPEG-4 HVXC
* MPEG-4 CELP
* MPEG-D USAC
* MPEG-H 3D Audio

|

ITU-T|

* G.711
* A-law
* µ-law
* G.718
* G.719
* G.722
* G.722.1
* G.722.2
* G.723
* G.723.1
* G.726
* G.728
* G.729
* G.729.1

IETF|

* Opus
* iLBC
* Speex
* Vorbis

3GPP|

* AMR
* AMR-WB
* AMR-WB+
* EVRC
* EVRC-B
* EVS
* GSM-HR
* GSM-FR
* GSM-EFR

ETSI|

* AC-3
* AC-4
* DTS

Others|

* ACELP
* ALAC
* Asao
* ATRAC
* AVS
* CELT
* Codec 2
* DRA
* FLAC
* iSAC
* Monkey's Audio
* TTA
* True Audio
* MT9
* Musepack
* OptimFROG
* OSQ
* QCELP
* RCELP
* RealAudio
* RTAudio
* SD2
* SHN
* SILK
* Siren
* SMV
* SVOPC
* TwinVQ
* VMR-WB
* VSELP
* WavPack
* WMA
* MQA
* aptX
* aptX HD
* aptX Low Latency
* aptX Adaptive
* LDAC
* LHDC
* LLAC

Image
compression|

| IEC, ISO,
IETF, W3C,
ITU-T, JPEG|

* CCITT Group 4
* DCT
* HEIF
* HEVC
* JPEG
* JPEG XR
* JPEG XT
* TIFF/EP
* Arithmetic
* JBIG
* JBIG2
* JPEG-LS
* JPEG 2000
* LZ
* GIF
* PNG
* TIFF
* TIFF/IT

|

Others|

* APNG
* BPG
* DjVu
* EXR
* FLIF
* ICER
* MNG
* PGF
* QTVR
* WBMP
* WebP

Containers|

| ISO, IEC|

* MPEG-ES
* MPEG-PES
* MPEG-PS
* MPEG-TS
* ISO base media file format
* MPEG-4 Part 14 (MP4)
* Motion JPEG 2000
* MPEG-21 Part 9
* MPEG media transport

|

ITU-T|

* H.222.0
* T.802

IETF|

* RTP
* Ogg

SMPTE|

* GXF
* MXF

Others|

* 3GP and 3G2
* AMV
* ASF
* AIFF
* AVI
* AU
* BPG
* Bink
* Smacker
* BMP
* DivX Media Format
* EVO
* Flash Video
* IFF
* M2TS
* Matroska
* WebM
* QuickTime File Format
* RatDVD
* RealMedia
* RIFF
* WAV
* MOD and TOD
* VOB, IFO and BUP

Collaborations|

* NETVC
* MPEG LA
* HEVC Advance

Methods|

* Discrete cosine transform
* DCT
* MDCT
* Entropy
* Arithmetic
* Huffman
* Modified
* FFT
* LPC
* ACELP
* CELP
* LSP
* WLPC
* Lossless
* Lossy
* LZ
* DEFLATE
* LZW
* PCM
* A-law
* µ-law
* ADPCM
* DPCM
* Transform
* Wavelet
* Daubechies
* DWT
* Transform

Lists|

* Comparison of audio coding formats
* Comparison of video codecs
* List of codecs

See Compression methods for techniques and Compression software for codecs

* v
* t
* e

Free and open-source software

General|

* Alternative terms for free software
* Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
* Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
* Free software
* Free software project directories
* Gratis versus libre
* Long-term support
* Open-source software
* Open-source software development
* Outline

Software
packages|

* Audio
* Bioinformatics
* Codecs
* Collaboration
* Configuration management
* Device drivers
* Graphics
* Wireless
* Geophysics
* Health
* Mathematics
* Operating systems
* Programming languages
* Routing
* Statistics
* Television
* Video games
* Web applications
* Content management systems
* E-commerce
* Word processors
* Android apps
* iOS apps
* Commercial
* Trademarked
* Formerly proprietary

Community|

* Free software movement
* History
* Open-source-software movement
* Organizations
* Events

Licenses|

* AFL
* Apache
* APSL
* Artistic
* Beerware
* Boost
* BSD
* CC0
* CDDL
* EPL
* Free Software Foundation
* GNU GPL
* GNU LGPL
* ISC
* MIT
* MPL
* Ms-PL/RL
* Python
* Python Software Foundation License
* Sleepycat
* Unlicense
* WTFPL
* zlib

| Types and
standards|

* Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
* Contributor License Agreement
* Copyleft
* Debian Free Software Guidelines
* Definition of Free Cultural Works
* Free license
* The Free Software Definition
* The Open Source Definition
* Open-source license
* Permissive software license
* Public domain
* Viral license

|

Challenges|

* Digital rights management
* Firmware security
* Hardware restrictions
* License proliferation
* Mozilla software rebranding
* Proprietary device drivers
* Proprietary firmware
* Proprietary software
* SCO/Linux controversies
* Secure boot
* Software patents
* Software security
* Trusted Computing

Related topics|

* Forking
* GNU Manifesto
* Microsoft Open Specification Promise
* Open-core model
* Open-source hardware
* Shared Source Initiative
* Source-available software
* The Cathedral and the Bazaar
* Revolution OS

*   * Category
* Commons
* WikiProject
* Book

* v
* t
* e

Media player software

Free software

| Windows|

* Media Player Classic
* MediaPortal
* Mpxplay

|

Linux|

| active|

* cmus
* Kaffeine
* Music on Console
* Noise
* Parole
* Rhythmbox
* GNOME Videos
* Xine
* XMMS2

|

inactive|

* JuK
* Muine
* Ogle DVD Player
* XMMS
* QuuxPlayer
* Baudline
* Helix

Cross-platform|

| active|

* Amarok
* Audacious
* DeaDBeeF
* Exaile
* ffplay
* Kodi
* Mpg123
* MPlayer/mpv (IINA, SMPlayer)
* Emby
* Music Player Daemon
* MusikCube
* qmmp
* Quod Libet
* VLC

|

inactive|

* Banshee
* Miro
* Nightingale
* Songbird
* Zinf
* Clementine

Freeware

| Windows|

* Adobe Media Player
* AIMP
* Dell MediaDirect
* foobar2000
* GOM Player
* Groove Music
* jetAudio
* KMPlayer
* MadCat Media Browser
* Media Go
* MediaMonkey
* Microsoft Movies & TV
* Microsoft Photos
* Mod4Win
* MusicBee
* MusikCube
* InterActual Player
* PotPlayer
* QuickTime
* Quintessential Player
* Style Jukebox
* Winamp

|

Cross-platform|

* Boxee
* DivX Player
* iTunes
* Plex
* QuickTime
* RealPlayer

Commercial (proprietary)

| Windows|

* CD Player
* Connect Player
* DVD Player
* JRiver Media Center
* PowerDVD
* TotalMedia Theatre
* SonicStage
* WinDVD
* Windows Media Center
* Windows Media Player
* Yahoo! Music Jukebox

|

macOS|

* DVD Player
* Front Row
* Peel

Mobile|

* CoreAVC CorePlayer
* Core Pocket Media Player
* doubleTwist
* RealPlayer
* TuneWiki
* Winamp

Lists

* Video players
* Audio players
* Free software audio players
* Portable media players
* Personal video recorders

* v
* t
* e

Xiph.Org Foundation

Ogg Project|

* Vorbis
* Daala
* Theora
* FLAC
* Opus
* CELT
* Speex
* Tremor
* OggPCM
* Ogg Writ

Other projects|

* XSPF
* Annodex
* cdparanoia
* Icecast

Related articles|

* Chris Montgomery
* CMML
* Ogg page
* Ogg Squish
* Use of Ogg formats in HTML5
* Vorbis comment

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