Orthant

In two dimensions, there are four orthants (called quadrants)

In geometry, an orthant[1] or hyperoctant[2] is the analogue in n-dimensional Euclidean space of a quadrant in the plane or an octant in three dimensions.

In general an orthant in n-dimensions can be considered the intersection of n mutually orthogonal half-spaces. By independent selections of half-space signs, there are 2n orthants in n-dimensional space.

More specifically, a closed orthant in Rn is a subset defined by constraining each Cartesian coordinate to be nonnegative or nonpositive. Such a subset is defined by a system of inequalities:

ε1x1 ≥ 0  ε2x2 ≥ 0  · · · εnxn ≥ 0,

where each εi is +1 or −1\.

Similarly, an open orthant in Rn is a subset defined by a system of strict inequalities

ε1x1 > 0  ε2x2 > 0  · · · εnxn > 0,

where each εi is +1 or −1.

By dimension:

* In one dimension, an orthant is a ray.
* In two dimensions, an orthant is a quadrant.
* In three dimensions, an orthant is an octant.

John Conway and Neil Sloane defined the term n-orthoplex from orthant complex as a regular polytope in n-dimensions with 2n simplex facets, one per orthant.[3]

The nonnegative orthant is the generalization of the first quadrant to n-dimensions and is important in many constrained optimization problems.

## See also

* Cross polytope (or orthoplex) – a family of regular polytopes in n-dimensions which can be constructed with one simplex facets in each orthant space.
* Measure polytope (or hypercube) – a family of regular polytopes in n-dimensions which can be constructed with one vertex in each orthant space.
* Orthotope – generalization of a rectangle in n-dimensions, with one vertex in each orthant.

## References

1. ↑ Roman, Steven (2005). Advanced Linear Algebra (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-24766-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=FV_s8W58D4UC&pg=PA394.
2. ↑ Weisstein, Eric W.. "Hyperoctant". http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Hyperoctant.html.
3. ↑ Conway, J. H.; Sloane, N. J. A. (1991). "The Cell Structures of Certain Lattices". in Hilton, P.; Hirzebruch, F.; Remmert, R.. Miscellanea Mathematica. Berlin: Springer. pp. 89–90. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76709-8_5. ISBN 978-3-642-76711-1.

## Further reading

* The facts on file: Geometry handbook, Catherine A. Gorini, 2003, ISBN 0-8160-4875-4, p.113

zh:卦限

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthant. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Orthant&oldid=3432826"