Pacific Islands Families Study

The Pacific Islands Families Study is a long-running, cohort study of 1398 children (and their parents) of Pacific Islands origin born in Auckland, New Zealand during the year 2000. The cohort of participants was selected from babies born between 15 March 2000 and 17 December 2000 at Middlemore Hospital with at least one parent identifying as having Pacific Islands origin.[1][2]

The three overall objectives of the PIF Study are:

1. to provide information on Pacific peoples' health, and the cultural, economic, environmental and psychosocial factors that are associated with child health and development outcomes and family functioning,
2. to determine how such factors individually and interactively influence positive and negative child, parent and family outcomes over time,
3. to provide information that will help set quantifiable targets for Pacific peoples' health.

The study has collected data from mothers, fathers, children and teachers. Data collection phases have occurred at 6 weeks after birth, 12 months, 24 months, 4 years, 6 years and 9 years.

The study is administered within the Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences at Auckland University of Technology. Major funding has been provided by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology and the Health Research Council of New Zealand.

## Contents

* 1 Data Collection Phases
* 1.1 First Two Years of Life
* 1.2 Transition to School
* 1.3 Towards Adolescence
* 2 Key achievements
* 2.1 Retention of Participants
* 2.2 Publications of research results
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Data Collection Phases

### First Two Years of Life

At approximately 6 weeks after birth, data were collected from interviews of the primary caregiver (usually the birth mother) and the collateral caregiver (the partner of the primary, usually the father). Data were collected from 1376 families in relation to 1398 children (including 22 pairs of twins). The ethnic mix of the original cohort was 47% Samoan, 21% Tongan, 17% Cook Island Maori, 4% Niuean and 11% other Pacific or non-Pacific.

At 12 months of age, 1224 primary caregivers and 825 collateral caregivers were interviewed in relation to 1241 children. At 24 months, 1144 primary caregivers and 854 collateral caregivers were interviewed in relation to 1162 children.

Details of the first two years can be found in a technical report.[3]

### Transition to School

At the age of 4 years, data were collected from primary caregiver interviews and separate child assessments. At the age of 6 years, data were collected from primary caregiver interviews, collateral caregiver interviews, child assessments and teacher evaluations.

### Towards Adolescence

As each child turned 9, data were collected from primary caregiver interviews, child assessments and teacher child evaluations. As of June 2011[update], data on 11-year-olds are being collected from primary and collateral caregiver interviews, child assessments and teacher evaluations.

## Key achievements

### Retention of Participants

At 6 weeks of age, a total of 1,376 mothers (of 1398 children, including 22 pairs of twins) were interviewed. Of those, 1224 (89%) participated at 12-months and 1144 (83%) participated at 24-months. No important differential attrition was observed.[4]

### Publications of research results

Key findings for the first seven years are given in a summary of findings brochure.[5]

Research topics resulting from the study include post natal depression,[6] chronic middle ear disease,[7] intimate partner violence,[8] obesity,[9] gambling,[10] child behaviour,[11] mental health[12] and smacking.[13]

## References

1. ↑ "PIF Technical Report 2002". http://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/69123/pif_technical_report2002.pdf.
2. ↑ Paterson, J.; Percival, T.; Schluter, P.; Sundborn, G.; Abbott, M.; Carter, S.; Cowley-Malcolm, E.; Borrows, J. et al. (2007-09-10). "Cohort Profile: The Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study". International Journal of Epidemiology (Oxford University Press (OUP)) 37 (2): 273–279. doi:10.1093/ije/dym171. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 17846053. https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/37/2/273/786708.
3. ↑ "Technical Report 2 - First Two Years of Life". http://www.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/69118/piftechreport.pdf.
4. ↑ Paterson, J; Tukuitonga, C; Abbott, M; Feehan, M; Silva, P; Percival, T; Carter, S; Cowley-Malcolm, E et al. (2006-01-27). "Pacific Islands Families: First Two Years of Life Study—design and methodology". New Zealand Medical Journal (New Zealand Medical Association) 119 (1228): 63–80. ISSN 0028-8446. PMID 16462922. http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/119-1228/1814/.
5. ↑ Summary of findings 2000-2007
6. ↑ Factors associated with post natal depression among mothers of Pacific infants (Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry)
7. ↑ Paterson, J.E.; Carter, S.; Wallace, J.; Ahmad, Z.; Garrett, N.; Silva, P.A. (2006). "Pacific Islands families study: The prevalence of chronic middle ear disease in 2-year-old Pacific children living in New Zealand". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (Elsevier BV) 70 (10): 1771–1778. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.06.001. ISSN 0165-5876. PMID 16828885.
8. ↑ Paterson, Janis; Feehan, Michael; Butler, Sarnia; Williams, Maynard; Cowley-Malcolm, Esther Tumama (2007). "Intimate Partner Violence Within a Cohort of Pacific Mothers Living in New Zealand". Journal of Interpersonal Violence (SAGE Publications) 22 (6): 698–721. doi:10.1177/0886260507300596. ISSN 0886-2605. PMID 17515431.
9. ↑ Rush, E C; Paterson, J; Obolonkin, V V; Puniani, K (2007-10-30). "Application of the 2006 WHO growth standard from birth to 4 years to Pacific Island children". International Journal of Obesity (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 32 (3): 567–572. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803751. ISSN 0307-0565. PMID 17968380.
10. ↑ "Gambling Among Pacific Mothers Living in New Zealand". International Gambling Studies.
11. ↑ Paterson, Janis; Carter, Sarnia; Gao, Wanzhen; Perese, Lana (2007). "Pacific Islands Families Study: behavioral problems among two-year-old Pacific children living in New Zealand". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (Wiley) 48 (5): 514–522. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01716.x. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 17501733.
12. ↑ "Maternal Mental Health and Child Behaviour Problems at 2 years findings from the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.
13. ↑ Schluter, PJ; Sundborn, G; Abbott, M; Paterson, J (2007-12-14). "Smacking—are we being too heavy-handed? Findings from the Pacific Islands Families Study". The New Zealand Medical Journal 120 (1267): U2860. ISSN 1175-8716. PMID 18157186. http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1267/2860/.

## External links

* List of Publications
* Oral health differences between Pacific islands (NZ Herald)
* Three-quarters of parents smack - study (NZ Herald)
* Samoan mothers manage to avoid the blues (NZ Herald)

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