20th-century art

Short description: none

Twentieth-century art—and what it became as modern art—began with modernism in the late nineteenth century.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 Some important movements
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Overview

Nineteenth-century movements of Post-Impressionism (Les Nabis), Art Nouveau and Symbolism led to the first twentieth-century art movements of Fauvism in France and Die Brücke ("The Bridge") in Germany. Fauvism in Paris introduced heightened non-representational colour into figurative painting. Die Brücke strove for emotional Expressionism. Another German group was Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"), led by Kandinsky in Munich, who associated the blue rider image with a spiritual non-figurative mystical art of the future. Kandinsky, Kupka, R. Delaunay and Picabia were pioneers of abstract (or non-representational) art. Cubism, generated by Picasso, Braque, Metzinger, Gleizes and others rejected the plastic norms of the Renaissance by introducing multiple perspectives into a two-dimensional image. Futurism incorporated the depiction of movement and machine age imagery. Dadaism, with its most notable exponents, Marcel Duchamp, who rejected conventional art styles altogether by exhibiting found objects, notably a urinal, and too Francis Picabia, with his Portraits Mécaniques.

Parallel movements in Russia were Suprematism, where Kasimir Malevich also created non-representational work, notably a black canvas. The Jack of Diamonds group with Mikhail Larionov was expressionist in nature.

* Henri Matisse, Woman with a Hat, 1905

* André Derain, Charing Cross Bridge, London, 1906, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.

* Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

* Georges Braque, Le Viaduc de L'Estaque (Viaduct at L'Estaque), 1908

* Jean Metzinger, Le goûter (Tea Time), 1911, Philadelphia Museum of Art. André Salmon dubbed this painting "The Mona Lisa of Cubism"

* Albert Gleizes, Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon, Paysage avec personnage, 1911

* Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art

* Wassily Kandinsky Composition VII, 1912

* František Kupka, Amorpha, Fugue in Two Colors, 1912

* Robert Delaunay, Le Premier Disque, 1912–13

* Giorgio de Chirico, Love Song 1914, Museum of Modern Art

* Kasimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915

Dadaism preceded Surrealism, where the theories of Freudian psychology led to the depiction of the dream and the unconscious in art in work by Salvador Dalí. Kandinsky's introduction of non-representational art preceded the 1950s American Abstract Expressionist school, including Jackson Pollock, who dripped paint onto the canvas, and Mark Rothko, who created large areas of flat colour. Detachment from the world of imagery was reversed in the 1960s by the Pop Art movement, notably Andy Warhol, where brash commercial imagery became a Fine Art staple. The majority of his art served as a critique of American consumer culture and its obsession with celebrity and wealth.[2] Warhol also minimised the role of the artist, often employing assistants to make his work and using mechanical means of production, such as silkscreen printing. Another pop artist, Keith Haring, used cartoons and graffiti as a means of political activism, fighting against the stigma surrounding gay men and drug addicts during the 1980 AIDS epidemic.[3] This marked a change from Modernism to Post-Modernism. Photorealism evolved from Pop Art and as a counter to Abstract Expressionists.

Subsequent initiatives towards the end of the century involved a paring down of the material of art through Minimalism, and a shift toward non-visual components with Conceptual art, where the idea, not necessarily the made object, was seen as the art. The last decade of the century saw a fusion of earlier ideas in work by Jeff Koons, who made large sculptures from kitsch subjects, and in the UK, the Young British Artists, where Conceptual Art, Dada and Pop Art ideas led to Damien Hirst's exhibition of a shark in formaldehyde in a vitrine.

## Some important movements

* Symbolism (arts)
* Divisionism
* Fauvism
* Cubism
* Futurism
* Cubo-Futurism
* Orphism
* Purism
* Synchromism
* Surrealism
* Suprematism
* Bauhaus
* Dadaism
* De Stijl
* Social Realism
* American Regionalism
* Butoh
* Biomorphism
* Abstract Expressionism
* Tachisme
* Lyrical Abstraction
* Informalism
* COBRA
* Outsider art (art brut)
* Fluxus
* Neo-Dada
* Rayonism
* Art Deco
* Color Field painting
* Arte Povera
* Zero Group
* Pop Art
* Photorealism
* Minimalism
* Conceptual art
* Neo-expressionism
* Appropriation art
* Installation art
* Digital art
* Op Art
* Modernism
* Late Modernism
* Remodernism
* Funk art

## See also

* History of painting
* Western painting
* List of modern artists
* 20th-century Western painting
* List of 20th-century women artists
* Contemporary art
* Postmodern art
* Classificatory disputes about art
* List of art movements

## References

1. ↑ "Modern Art – An Exploration of the 20th Century Modernist Movement". https://artincontext.org/modern-art/.
2. ↑ Mattick, Paul (1998-07-01). "The Andy Warhol of Philosophy and the Philosophy of Andy Warhol". Critical Inquiry 24 (4): 965–987. doi:10.1086/448903. ISSN 0093-1896. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/448903.
3. ↑ Martin, Colin (2019-10-01). "Art and activism in New York" (in English). The Lancet HIV 6 (10): e653–e654. doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30296-6. ISSN 2352-3018. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(19)30296-6/abstract.

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Modernism

Milestones|

* Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe (1862–1863)
* Olympia (1863)
* A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886)
* Mont Sainte-Victoir (1887)
* The Starry Night (1889)
* Ubu Roi (1896)
* Verklärte Nacht (1899)
* Le bonheur de vivre (1905–1906)
* Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
* The Dance (1909–1910)
* The Firebird (1910)
* Afternoon of a Faun (1912)
* Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (1912)
* The Rite of Spring (1913)
* In Search of Lost Time (1913–1927)
* The Metamorphosis (1915)
* Black Square (1915)
* Fountain (1917)
* The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)
* Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921)
* Ulysses (1922)
* The Waste Land (1922)
* The Magic Mountain (1924)
* Battleship Potemkin (1925)
* The Sun Also Rises (1926)
* The Threepenny Opera (1928)
* The Sound and the Fury (1929)
* Un Chien Andalou (1929)
* Villa Savoye (1931)
* The Blue Lotus (1936)
* Fallingwater (1936)
* Waiting for Godot (1953)

Literature|

* Guillaume Apollinaire
* Djuna Barnes
* Tadeusz Borowski
* André Breton
* Mikhail Bulgakov
* Anton Chekhov
* Joseph Conrad
* Alfred Döblin
* E. M. Forster
* William Faulkner
* Gustave Flaubert
* Ford Madox Ford
* André Gide
* Knut Hamsun
* Jaroslav Hašek
* Ernest Hemingway
* Hermann Hesse
* James Joyce
* Franz Kafka
* Arthur Koestler
* D. H. Lawrence
* Wyndham Lewis
* Thomas Mann
* Katherine Mansfield
* Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
* Guy de Maupassant
* Robert Musil
* Katherine Anne Porter
* Marcel Proust
* Gertrude Stein
* Italo Svevo
* Virginia Woolf

Poetry|

* Anna Akhmatova
* Richard Aldington
* W. H. Auden
* Charles Baudelaire
* Luca Caragiale
* Constantine P. Cavafy
* Blaise Cendrars
* Hart Crane
* H.D.
* Robert Desnos
* T. S. Eliot
* Paul Éluard
* Odysseas Elytis
* F. S. Flint
* Stefan George
* Max Jacob
* Federico García Lorca
* Amy Lowell
* Robert Lowell
* Mina Loy
* Stéphane Mallarmé
* Marianne Moore
* Wilfred Owen
* Octavio Paz
* Fernando Pessoa
* Ezra Pound
* Lionel Richard
* Rainer Maria Rilke
* Arthur Rimbaud
* Giorgos Seferis
* Wallace Stevens
* Dylan Thomas
* Tristan Tzara
* Paul Valéry
* William Carlos Williams
* W. B. Yeats

Visual art|

* Josef Albers
* Jean Arp
* Balthus
* George Bellows
* Umberto Boccioni
* Pierre Bonnard
* Georges Braque
* Constantin Brâncuși
* Alexander Calder
* Mary Cassatt
* Paul Cézanne
* Marc Chagall
* Giorgio de Chirico
* Camille Claudel
* Joseph Cornell
* Joseph Csaky
* Salvador Dalí
* Edgar Degas
* Raoul Dufy
* Willem de Kooning
* Robert Delaunay
* Charles Demuth
* Otto Dix
* Theo van Doesburg
* Marcel Duchamp
* James Ensor
* Max Ernst
* Jacob Epstein
* Paul Gauguin
* Alberto Giacometti
* Vincent van Gogh
* Natalia Goncharova
* Julio González
* Juan Gris
* George Grosz
* Raoul Hausmann
* Jacques Hérold
* Hannah Höch
* Edward Hopper
* Frida Kahlo
* Wassily Kandinsky
* Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
* Paul Klee
* Oskar Kokoschka
* Pyotr Konchalovsky
* André Lhote
* Fernand Léger
* Franz Marc
* Albert Marque
* Jean Marchand
* René Magritte
* Kazimir Malevich
* Édouard Manet
* Henri Matisse
* Colin McCahon
* Jean Metzinger
* Joan Miró
* Amedeo Modigliani
* Piet Mondrian
* Claude Monet
* Henry Moore
* Edvard Munch
* Emil Nolde
* Georgia O'Keeffe
* Méret Oppenheim
* Francis Picabia
* Pablo Picasso
* Camille Pissarro
* Man Ray
* Odilon Redon
* Pierre-Auguste Renoir
* Auguste Rodin
* Henri Rousseau
* Egon Schiele
* Georges Seurat
* Paul Signac
* Alfred Sisley
* Edward Steichen
* Alfred Stieglitz
* Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
* Édouard Vuillard
* Grant Wood
* Lin Fengmian

Music|

* George Antheil
* Milton Babbitt
* Jean Barraqué
* Béla Bartók
* Alban Berg
* Luciano Berio
* Nadia Boulanger
* Pierre Boulez
* John Cage
* Elliott Carter
* Aaron Copland
* Heitor Villa-Lobos
* Henry Cowell
* Henri Dutilleux
* Morton Feldman
* Henryk Górecki
* Josef Matthias Hauer
* Paul Hindemith
* Arthur Honegger
* Charles Ives
* Leoš Janáček
* György Ligeti
* Witold Lutosławski
* Olivier Messiaen
* Luigi Nono
* Harry Partch
* Krzysztof Penderecki
* Sergei Prokofiev
* Luigi Russolo
* Erik Satie
* Pierre Schaeffer
* Arnold Schoenberg
* Dmitri Shostakovich
* Richard Strauss
* Igor Stravinsky
* Karol Szymanowski
* Edgard Varèse
* Anton Webern
* Kurt Weill
* Iannis Xenakis

Theatre|

* Edward Albee
* Maxwell Anderson
* Jean Anouilh
* Antonin Artaud
* Samuel Beckett
* Bertolt Brecht
* Anton Chekhov
* Friedrich Dürrenmatt
* Jean Genet
* Maxim Gorky
* Walter Hasenclever
* Henrik Ibsen
* William Inge
* Eugène Ionesco
* Alfred Jarry
* Georg Kaiser
* Maurice Maeterlinck
* Vladimir Mayakovsky
* Arthur Miller
* Seán O'Casey
* Eugene O'Neill
* John Osborne
* Luigi Pirandello
* Erwin Piscator
* George Bernard Shaw
* August Strindberg
* John Millington Synge
* Ernst Toller
* Frank Wedekind
* Thornton Wilder
* Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz

Film|

* Ingmar Bergman
* Anton Giulio Bragaglia
* Luis Buñuel
* Marcel Carné
* Charlie Chaplin
* René Clair
* Jean Cocteau
* Maya Deren
* Alexander Dovzhenko
* Carl Theodor Dreyer
* Viking Eggeling
* Sergei Eisenstein
* Jean Epstein
* Robert J. Flaherty
* Abel Gance
* Isidore Isou
* Buster Keaton
* Lev Kuleshov
* Fritz Lang
* Marcel L'Herbier
* Georges Méliès
* F. W. Murnau
* Georg Wilhelm Pabst
* Vsevolod Pudovkin
* Jean Renoir
* Walter Ruttmann
* Victor Sjöström
* Josef von Sternberg
* Dziga Vertov
* Jean Vigo
* Robert Wiene

Dance|

* George Balanchine
* Merce Cunningham
* Clotilde von Derp
* Sergei Diaghilev
* Isadora Duncan
* Michel Fokine
* Loie Fuller
* Martha Graham
* Hanya Holm
* Doris Humphrey
* Léonide Massine
* Vaslav Nijinsky
* Alwin Nikolais
* Alexander Sakharoff
* Ted Shawn
* Anna Sokolow
* Ruth St. Denis
* Helen Tamiris
* Charles Weidman
* Mary Wigman

Architecture|

* Marcel Breuer
* Gordon Bunshaft
* Jack Allen Charney
* Walter Gropius
* Hector Guimard
* Raymond Hood
* Victor Horta
* Friedensreich Hundertwasser
* Philip Johnson
* Louis Kahn
* Le Corbusier
* Adolf Loos
* Konstantin Melnikov
* Erich Mendelsohn
* Pier Luigi Nervi
* Richard Neutra
* Oscar Niemeyer
* Hans Poelzig
* Antonin Raymond
* Gerrit Rietveld
* Eero Saarinen
* Rudolf Steiner
* Edward Durell Stone
* Louis Sullivan
* Vladimir Tatlin
* Paul Troost
* Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
* Frank Lloyd Wright

Related|

* American modernism
* Armory Show
* Art Deco
* Art Nouveau
* Ashcan School
* Avant-garde
* Ballets Russes
* Bauhaus
* Buddhist modernism
* Constructivism
* Cubism
* Dada
* Degenerate art
* De Stijl
* Der Blaue Reiter
* Die Brücke
* Ecomodernism
* Expressionism
* Expressionist music
* Fauvism
* Fourth dimension in art
* Fourth dimension in literature
* Futurism
* Grosvenor School of Modern Art
* Hanshinkan Modernism
* High modernism
* Imagism
* Impressionism
* Incoherents
* International Style
* Late modernism
* Late modernity
* Lettrism
* List of art movements
* List of avant-garde artists
* List of modernist poets
* Lyrical abstraction
* Minimalism
* Modern art
* Modernity
* Neo-Dada
* Neo-primitivism
* New Objectivity
* Orphism
* Post-Impressionism
* Postminimalism
* Postmodernism
* Reactionary modernism
* Metamodernism
* Remodernism
* Romanticism
* Second Viennese School
* Structural film
* Surrealism
* Symbolism
* Synchromism
* Tonalism
* Warsaw Autumn

* v
* t
* e

Western Art movements

Medieval|

* Early Christian
* Migration Period
* Anglo-Saxon
* Visigothic
* Pre-Romanesque
* Insular
* Viking
* Byzantine
* Merovingian
* Carolingian
* Ottonian
* Romanesque
* Norman-Sicilian
* Gothic (International Gothic)

Renaissance|

* Italian Renaissance
* Early Netherlandish
* German Renaissance
* Antwerp Mannerists
* Danube school
* High Renaissance
* Venetian painting
* Romanism
* Mannerism
* Fontainebleau
* Northern Mannerism

17th century|

* Baroque
* Caravaggisti
* Classicism
* Dutch Golden Age
* Flemish Baroque

18th century|

* Rocaille
* Rococo
* Neoclassicism
* Romanticism

19th century|

* Naïve
* Nazarene
* Realism / Realism
* Historicism
* Biedermeier
* Barbizon school
* Pre-Raphaelites
* Academic
* Hudson River School
* Aestheticism
* Art pottery
* Macchiaioli
* Peredvizhniki
* Impressionism
* Heidelberg School
* Decadent
* Symbolism
* Art Nouveau
* Post-Impressionism
* Neo-Impressionism
* Pointillism
* Cloisonnism
* Les Nabis
* Synthetism
* Costumbrismo

20th century|

* Arts and Crafts
* Incoherents
* Fauvism
* Die Brücke
* Cubism
* Expressionism
* Neue Künstlervereinigung München
* Futurism
* Metaphysical art
* Rayonism
* Der Blaue Reiter
* Orphism
* Synchromism
* Vorticism
* Suprematism
* Ashcan
* Dada
* De Stijl
* Purism
* Bauhaus
* Kinetic art
* New Objectivity
* Grosvenor School
* Neues Sehen
* Surrealism
* Neo-Fauvism
* Precisionism
* Scuola Romana
* Art Deco
* International Typographic Style
* Social realism
* Abstract expressionism
* Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
* Color Field
* Lyrical abstraction
* Tachisme
* COBRA
* Action painting
* New media art
* Letterist International
* Pop art
* Situationist International
* Lettrism
* Neo-Dada
* Op art
* Nouveau réalisme
* Art & Language
* Conceptual art
* Land art
* Systems art
* Video art
* Minimalism
* Fluxus
* Photorealism
* Performance art
* Installation art
* Endurance art
* Outsider art
* Neo-expressionism
* Lowbrow
* Young British Artists
* Amazonian pop art

21st century|

* Art intervention
* Hyperrealism
* Neo-futurism
* Stuckism
* Sound art
* Superstroke
* Superflat
* Relational art
* Walking art

Related|

* Avant-garde
* Feminist art movement (in the US)
* Modern art
* Modern sculpture
* Modernism
* Late modernism
* Postmodern art
* Western painting

List of art movements Category:Art movements

* v
* t
* e

History of 20th century

* Events
* Timeline

Decades and years|

* 1900s
* 1910s
* 1920s
* 1930s
* 1940s
* 1950s
* 1960s
* 1970s
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000

Topics|

* Art
* theatre
* Christianity
* Literature
* Music
* classical
* Philosophy
* Science

Lists|

* State leaders: 1901–1950
* 1951–2000
* Earthquakes
* Lunar eclipses
* Solar eclipses
* Volcanic eruptions

* Category

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