Catholic moral theology

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Catholic Church

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Overview

* Pope: Francis
* Hierarchy
* History (Timeline)
* Theology
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Background

* Jesus
* Crucifixion
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* Early Christianity
* Peter
* Paul
* Fathers
* History of the Catholic Church
* History of the papacy
* Ecumenical councils
* Magisterium
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* One true church
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Organisation

* Holy See
* Roman Curia
* College of Cardinals
* Ecumenical councils
* Episcopal polity
* Latin Church
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* Canon law

* Theologies
* Doctrine

God

* Trinity

* Father
* Son
* Holy Ghost

* Consubstantialitas
* Filioque
* Divinum illud munus
Divine Law

* Decalogus
* Ex Cathedra
* Deificatio

Realms beyond the States of the Church

* Heaven
* Purgatory
* Limbo
* Hell

Paschal mystery

* Passion of Jesus
* Crucifixion of Jesus
* Harrowing of Hell
* Resurrection
* Ascension

Blessed Virgin Mary

* Mariology
* Veneration
* Immaculate Conception
* Mater Dei
* Perpetual virginity
* Assumption
* Dormition
* Titles
* Queen
* Apparition
* Mediatrix

Salvation

* Baptism of desire
* Divine grace
* Outside the Church there is no salvation
* Infused righteousness
* Invincible ignorance
* Justification
* Means of grace
* Merit
* Mortal sin
* Satisfaction
* Moral influence
* Sanctification
* Synergism
* Venial sin

Ecclesiology

* College of Bishops
* Deposit of faith
* Infallibility of the Church
* Mystical Body of Christ
* Papal primacy
* People of God
* Perfect community
* Subsistit in

Other teachings

* Josephology
* Morality
* Body
* Lectures
* Sexuality
* Apologetics
* Amillennialism
* Original sin
* Hypostatic union
* Predestination
* Seven deadly sins
* Beatific vision
* Saints
* Dogma

Texts

* Bible

*     * Old Testament
* New Testament

* Official Bible

*     * Vulgate
* Sixtine Vulgate
* Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
* Nova Vulgata
* Peshitta

* Apostles' Creed
* Nicene Creed
* Athanasian Creed
* Catechism of the Catholic Church
* Papal bull
* Apostolic exhortation
* Epistula Encyclica

Philosophy

* Cardinal Virtues
* Just war
* Natural law
* Catholic ethics
* Personalism
* Probabilism
* Social teaching
* Philosophy of canon law
* Philosophers
* Virtue ethics

Schools

* Augustinianism
* Scholasticism
* Thomism
* Scotism
* Occamism
* Christian humanism
* Molinism
* Neo-scholasticism

Worship

* Liturgy
* Mass
* Divine Liturgy
* Holy Qurbana
* Divine Office
* Liturgical year

* Sacraments
* Baptism
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* Eucharist
* Confirmation
* Anointing of the Sick
* Matrimony
* Holy orders

* Prayer
* Devotions
* Bible
* Biblical canon

Rites

* Latin

* Roman
* Post-Vatican II
* Tridentine
* Anglican Use
* Zaire Use

* Gallican
* Ambrosian
* Braga
* Mozarabic

* Eastern

* Antiochene
* Maronite
* West Syriac
* Syro-Malankara

* Chaldean
* East Syriac
* Syro-Malabar

* Byzantine
* Armenian

* Alexandrian
* Ethiopic

Miscellaneous

* Antipopes
* Anti-Catholicism
* Criticism
* Deism/Pandeism
* Ecumenism
* Monasticism

Relations with:

* Islam
* Judaism
* Protestantism

Societal issues

* Art
* Evolution
* Health care
* HIV/AIDS
* Homosexuality
* Music
* Nazi Germany
* Politics (in the United States)
* Role in civilization
* Science
* Sex and gender roles
* Slavery
* the Age of Discovery

Links and resources

* Index
* Outline
* Glossary
* Category
* Media
* Templates
* WikiProject
* Book

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Part of a series on
Catholic philosophy

Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham

Ethics

* Cardinal virtues
* Just price
* Just war
* Probabilism
* Natural law
* Personalism
* Social teaching
* Virtue ethics

Schools

* Augustinianism
* Cartesianism
* Molinism
* Occamism
* Salamanca
* Scholasticism
* Neo-scholasticism
* Scotism
* Thomism

Philosophers

Ancient

* Ambrose
* Athanasius the Great
* Augustine of Hippo
* Clement of Alexandria
* Cyprian of Carthage
* Cyril of Alexandria
* Gregory of Nyssa
* Irenaeus of Lyons
* Jerome
* John Chrysostom
* John of Damascus
* Justin Martyr
* Origen
* Paul the Apostle
* Tertullian

Postclassical

* Pseudo-Dionysius
* Boethius
* Isidore of Seville
* Scotus Eriugena
* Bede
* Anselm of Canterbury
* Hildegard of Bingen
* Peter Abelard
* Symeon the New Theologian
* Bernard of Clairvaux
* Hugh of Saint Victor
* Thomas Aquinas
* Benedict of Nursia
* Pope Gregory I
* Peter Lombard
* Bonaventure
* Albertus Magnus
* Duns Scotus
* Roger Bacon
* Giles of Rome
* James of Viterbo
* Giambattista Vico
* Gregory of Rimini
* William of Ockham
* Catherine of Siena
* Paul of Venice

Modern

* Baltasar Gracián
* Erasmus of Rotterdam
* Thomas Cajetan
* Nicholas of Cusa
* Luis de Molina
* Teresa of Ávila
* Thomas More
* Francis de Sales
* Francisco de Vitoria
* Domingo de Soto
* Martín de Azpilcueta
* Tomás de Mercado
* Antoine Arnauld
* René Descartes
* Robert Bellarmine
* Ignacy Krasicki
* Hugo Kołłątaj
* François Fénelon
* Alphonsus Liguori
* Nicolas Malebranche
* Blaise Pascal
* Francisco Suárez
* Giovanni Botero

Contemporary

* Pope Benedict XVI
* Pope John Paul II
* Mortimer J. Adler
* G. E. M. Anscombe
* Robert Barron
* Hans Urs von Balthasar
* G. K. Chesterton
* Yves Congar
* Edward Feser
* Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
* Étienne Gilson
* René Girard
* Romano Guardini
* Dietrich von Hildebrand
* Faustina Kowalska
* Peter Kreeft
* Felicité de Lamennais
* Bernard Lonergan
* Marshall McLuhan
* Alasdair MacIntyre
* Gabriel Marcel
* Jacques Maritain
* Désiré Mercier
* Thomas Merton
* Oswald von Nell-Breuning
* John Henry Newman
* Erich Przywara
* Karl Rahner
* Antonio Rosmini
* Edith Stein
* Eleonore Stump
* Charles Taylor

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Catholic moral theology is a major category of doctrine in the Catholic Church, equivalent to a religious ethics. Moral theology encompasses Roman Catholic social teaching, Catholic medical ethics, sexual ethics, and various doctrines on individual moral virtue and moral theory. It can be distinguished as dealing with "how one is to act", in contrast to dogmatic theology which proposes "what one is to believe".

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Approaches to Catholic moral theology
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Description

Sources of Catholic moral theology include both the Old Testament and the New Testament, and philosophical ethics such as natural law that are seen as compatible with Catholic doctrine. Moral theology was mostly undifferentiated from theology in general during the patristic era, and is found in the homilies, letters and commentaries on Scripture of the early Church fathers. During the Middle Ages, moral theology developed in precision and scope through scholasticism. Much of the Catholic Church's current moral theology, especially regarding natural law, is based in the Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas, which is regarded as one of the best treatises of Catholic moral theology.[1]

Contemporary Catholic moral theology is developed by acts of the Magisterium, by the Pope, other bishops, and by the works of lay Catholic moral theologians, which include magisterial teachings, as well as (in some matters) theological opinions. Examples of Catholic moral theologians include St. Alphonsus Liguori (author of Moral Theology), Germain Grisez (author of The Way of the Lord Jesus) and John Finnis (author of Natural Law and Natural Rights). Moral theology tends to be advanced most authoritatively through official statements of doctrine, such as papal encyclicals, which are based on the dogmatic pronouncements of Ecumenical Councils (e.g., Vatican II), Sacred Scriptures, and Sacred Tradition. In addition, moral theologians publish their own works and write in a variety of journals devoted in whole, or in part to moral theology. These scholarly journals are helpful in making the theology of the Church more clear and accessible to others, and serve as a forum in which scholarly discussion of understanding and application of issues occurs. However, these journals per se do not add or remove anything from Catholic teaching.

The curriculum for formation of priests commonly includes required and elective courses in Catholic moral theology.

## Approaches to Catholic moral theology

* In a deontological approach, morality takes the form of a studying of "how one is to act" in relation to the laws established by the faith.
* In a teleological approach, "how one is to act" is related to the ultimate end which is again established by the faith.
* In a dialogical approach, morality follows the pattern of faith directly, the "how one is to act" is related to an encounter with God through faith.[2] Moral living is response to the Logos or Word of God. "Faith in the Logos...understands moral values as responsibility, as a response to the Word, and thus gives them their intelligibility as well as their essential orientation." [3]

## See also

* Catholic teachings on sexual morality
* Catholicism
* Christian theology
* Ten Commandments in Roman Catholicism
* Traditionalist Catholic

## References

1. ↑ Lehmkuhl, Augustinus. "Moral Theology." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 26 May 2019 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14601a.htm>.
2. ↑ Bernhard Häring, Free and faithful in Christ. Moral Theology for priests and laity, I/General Moral Theology. For freedom Christ has set us free (Gal 5,1), Slough 1978, focus on chapter 3
3. ↑ Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal (Pope Benedict XVI). Introduction To Christianity, 2nd Edition (Communio Books) (Kindle Locations 304-306). Ignatius Press.

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Seven virtues in Christian ethics

Four
cardinal virtues|

* Prudence (Prudentia)
* Justice (Iustitia)
* Fortitude (Fortitudo)
* Temperance (Temperantia)

* Sources: Plato
* Republic, Book IV
* Cicero
* Ambrose
* Augustine of Hippo
* Thomas Aquinas

Three
theological virtues|

* Faith (Fides)
* Hope (Spes)
* Love (Caritas)

* Sources: Paul the Apostle
* 1 Corinthians 13

Seven deadly sins|

* Lust (Luxuria)
* Gluttony (Gula)
* Greed (Avaritia)
* Sloth (Acedia)
* Wrath (Ira)
* Envy (Invidia)
* Pride (Superbia)

* Source: Prudentius, Psychomachia

* People: Evagrius Ponticus
* John Cassian
* Pope Gregory I
* Dante Alighieri
* Peter Binsfeld

Related concepts|

* Ten Commandments
* Great Commandment
* Eschatology
* Sin
* Original sin
* Old Covenant
* Hamartiology

* Christian philosophy

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Christian theology

Systematic|

| Scripture|

* Inspiration
* Preservation
* Canonics
* Biblical studies
* Exegesis
* Law and Gospel
* Hermeneutics

|

God|

* Attributes
* Patriology
* Christology
* Pneumatology
* Theocentricism
* Theology proper
* Immutability
* Impassibility

Trinity|

* Father
* Son (Hypostatic union
* Incarnation
* Jesus
* Logos
* Christocentric)
* Holy Spirit

Cosmology|

* Creation
* Angels
* Angelic hierarchy
* Humanity
* Fallen angels
* Satan
* Theodicy

Soteriology|

* Absolution
* Adoption
* Assurance
* Atonement
* Baptism
* Calling
* Conditional Security
* Conversion
* Divinization
* Election
* Eternal life
* Faith
* Forgiveness
* Glorification
* Grace
* Irresistible
* Prevenient
* Imputation
* Justification
* Means of grace
* Monergism
* Mortification
* Ordo salutis
* Perseverance
* Predestination
* Recapitulation
* Reconciliation
* Redemption
* Regeneration
* Repentance
* Resurrection
* Salvation
* Sanctification
* Synergism
* Theosis
* Union with Christ

Hamartiology|

* Adam
* Anthropology
* The Fall
* Incurvatus in se
* Original sin
* Sin
* Theodicy
* Total depravity

Ecclesiology|

* Sacrament
* Eucharist
* Missiology
* Polity (Congregational
* Episcopal
* Presbyterian)
* Synod
* Conciliarity

Eschatology|

* Summary of differences
* Historicism
* Idealism
* Dispensationalism
* Futurism
* Preterism
* Millenarianism (Pre- / Post- / A-millennialism)
* Adventism
* Antichrist
* Apocalypse
* Apocalypticism
* Covenant / New Covenant theology
* End times
* Heaven
* Hell
* Last Judgment
* Millennialism
* New Jerusalem
* Rapture
* Second Coming
* Soul sleep
* Tribulation
* War in Heaven

Historical|

* History of Christian theology
* Calvinist–Arminian debate
* Apostolic Age
* Canon
* Patristics
* Caesaropapism
* Semipelagianism
* Iconoclasm
* Scholasticism
* Thomism
* Conciliarism
* Renaissance
* Reformation
* Counter-Reformation
* Pietism
* Great Awakenings

Practical|

* Apologetics
* Biblical law
* Education
* Ethics
* Homiletics
* Liturgics
* Missiology
* Moral
* Pastoral
* Polemics
* Political
* Public

By tradition|

Catholic Church

* Absolution
* Apostolic succession
* Assumption of Mary
* Christian humanism
* Traditionalism
* Ecumenical Councils
* Filioque
* Immaculate Conception
* Indulgences
* Infant baptism
* Josephology
* Liturgy
* Mariology
* Mass
* Modernism
* Natural law
* Papal infallibility
* Priesthood
* Purgatory
* Quartodecimanism
* Real presence
* Sacerdotalism
* Sacrament
* Sainthood
* Scotism
* Thomism
* Transubstantiation
* Ultramontanism
* Veneration

Eastern Orthodox Church

* Apophatic theology
* Cataphatic theology
* Economy
* Essence–energies
* Gnomic will
* Metousiosis
* Phronema
* Phyletism
* Proskynesis
* Sobornost
* Symphonia
* Tabor Light
* Theoria
* Theosis
* Theotokos

Oriental Orthodoxy

* Miaphysitism
* Monophysitism
* Monoenergism
* Monothelitism
* Aphthartodocetism

Protestantism

| General|

* Adiaphora
* Assurance
* Believer's baptism
* Protestant ecclesiology (Branch theory)
* Priesthood of all believers

|

Anglican|

* Anglo-Catholicism
* Evangelical Catholic
* High church
* Latitudinarian
* Low church

Wesleyan–Arminian|

* Christian perfection
* Conditional election
* Conditional preservation of the saints
* Imparted righteousness
* Lordship salvation
* Prevenient grace
* Total depravity
* Unlimited atonement

Lutheran|

* Two kingdoms
* Loci Theologici
* Theology of the Cross
* Confessional Lutheranism
* Haugean
* Lutheran orthodoxy
* Lutheran scholasticism
* Neo-Lutheranism

Reformed (Calvinist)|

* Christian reconstructionism
* Covenant theology
* Free Grace
* Monergism
* Predestination
* Five solae (Sola fide
* Sola gratia
* Sola scriptura
* Soli Deo gloria
* Solus Christus)
* Supersessionism
* Total depravity
* TULIP

Pentecostalist|

* Baptism with the Holy Spirit
* Faith healing
* Glossolalia

Other|

* Adventism
* Anabaptism
* Dispensationalism
* Evangelicalism
* Fundamentalism
* Messianic Judaism
* Pietism
* Prosperity theology
* Restorationism

* Outline of Christian theology
* Christianity portal

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