Code of conduct

Short description: Set of rules

File:Wikipedia Day NYC 2025 -50.jpgCode of conduct of the Wikimedia Foundation, displayed at an event in New York.

A code of conduct is a set of rules outlining the norms, rules, and responsibilities or proper practices of an individual party or an organization.

## Contents

* 1 Companies' codes of conduct
* 1.1 Accountants' code of conduct
* 2 Personal Codes of Conduct
* 3 Codes of conduct in practice
* 4 Examples
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Companies' codes of conduct

A company code of conduct is a set of rules which is commonly written for employees of a company, which protects the business and informs the employees of the company's expectations. It is appropriate for even the smallest of companies to create a document containing important information on expectations for employees.[1] The document does not need to be complex or have elaborate policies.

Failure of an employee to follow a company's code of conduct can have negative consequences. In Morgan Stanley v. Skowron, 989 F. Supp. 2d 356 (S.D.N.Y. 2013), applying New York's faithless servant doctrine, the court held that a hedge fund's employee engaging in insider trading in violation of his company's code of conduct, which also required him to report his misconduct, must repay his employer the full $31 million his employer paid him as compensation during his period of faithlessness.[2][3][4][5]

### Accountants' code of conduct

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In its 2007 International Good Practice Guidance, "Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations", provided[who?] the following working definition: "Principles, values, standards, or rules of behaviour that guide the decisions, procedures, and systems of an organization in a way that (a) contributes to the welfare of its key stakeholders, and (b) respects the rights of all constituents affected by its operations."

## Personal Codes of Conduct

While codes of conduct are commonly associated with organizations and institutions, individuals can also develop a personal code of conduct, to guide their behavior, decision-making, and responses to adversity. These personal codes can typically reflect a person's core values, ethical principles, and practise aspirational virtues - such as courage, honesty, discipline, or resilience.[6][7][8]

Historically, figures like Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, through his philosophical reflections in Meditations, or the samurai class, through the Bushidō code, adhered to personal codes that shaped their worldview and conduct. In contemporary settings, individuals may adopt a personal code of conduct to uphold integrity, cultivate psychological resilience, or navigate unpredictable or stressful environments. Such self-imposed frameworks of rules can offer a structured psychological anchor by reinforcing a sense of agency and control.[9]

Psychological research suggests that individuals with a higher internal locus of control, defined as the belief that one can influence outcomes through their own actions, are generally more resilient and motivated in the face of adversity. Studies on learned helplessness and control have demonstrated that perceived control is closely linked to psychological well-being and adaptive coping behaviors. Developing and consistently adhering to a personal code may support an internal locus of control by encouraging deliberate, value-driven responses to life’s challenges. Writing down one’s personal code and reviewing it regularly can further reinforce commitment, aid in goal-setting, and improve behavioral consistency.[8][9]

## Codes of conduct in practice

A code of conduct can be an important part in establishing an inclusive culture, but it is not a comprehensive solution on its own. An ethical culture is created by the organization's leaders who manifest their ethics in their attitudes and behaviour.[10] Studies of codes of conduct in the private sector show that their effective implementation must be part of a learning process that requires training, consistent enforcement, and continuous measurement/improvement:[11] simply requiring members to read the code is not enough to ensure that they understand it and will remember its contents.[12] Castellano et al. describe Tom Morris' book If Aristotle Ran General Motors as "compelling" and "persuasive" in arguing that in addition to codes of conduct and ethical guidelines, the creation of an ethical workplace climate requires "socially harmonious relationships" to be embedded in practice.[13] The proof of effectiveness is when employees/members feel comfortable enough to voice concerns and believe that the organization will respond with appropriate action.[14]

## Examples

Template:Excessive examples

* Banking Code[15]
* Bushido
* Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief
* International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers
* Code of Conduct for Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
* Code of Hammurabi
* Code of the United States Fighting Force
* Code of Service Discipline
* Declaration of Geneva
* Declaration of Helsinki
* Don't be evil
* Eight precepts
* Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct
* Five Pillars of Islam
* Five precepts
* Golden Rule
* Geneva Conventions
* Hippocratic Oath
* ICC Cricket Code of Conduct
* International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICOC or Hague Code of Conduct)
* Izzat
* Journalist's Creed
* Kapu
* Moral Code of the Builder of Communism
* Pāṭimokkha
* Pirate code
* Rule of Saint Benedict
* Ten Commandments
* Ten precepts (Taoism)
* Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues
* Uniform Code of Military Justice
* Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
* Yamas

## See also

* Programming ethics

## References

1. ↑ "Building a compliance department". 26 July 2021. https://legal.thomsonreuters.com/en/insights/articles/building-a-compliance-department.
2. ↑ Glynn, Timothy P.; Arnow-Richman, Rachel S.; Sullivan, Charles A. (2019). Employment Law: Private Ordering and Its Limitations. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. ISBN 978-1543801064. https://books.google.com/books?id=3RaGDwAAQBAJ&q="faithless+servant"&pg=PA472.
3. ↑ Jerin Matthew (December 20, 2013). "'Faithless' Ex-Morgan Stanley Fund Manager Ordered to Repay $31m to Former Employer". https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/faithless-ex-morgan-stanley-fund-manager-ordered-repay-31m-former-employer-1429819.
4. ↑ Henning, Peter J. (December 23, 2013). "The Huge Costs of Being a 'Faithless Servant'". https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/12/23/the-huge-costs-of-being-a-faithless-servant/.
5. ↑ "Morgan Stanley seeks $10.2 million from convicted former trader". GreenwichTime. January 15, 2013. https://www.greenwichtime.com/news/article/Morgan-Stanley-seeks-10-2-million-from-convicted-4193127.php.
6. ↑ Dates, Eric (2024-11-07). "Developing Your Personal Code of Ethics Examples" (in en-US). https://www.v-comply.com/blog/sample-personal-code-of-ethics-examples/.
7. ↑ Magazine, Brainz (2021-12-09). "Self-Discipline – A Code Of Conduct" (in en). https://www.brainzmagazine.com/post/self-discipline-a-code-of-conduct.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fox, Erica Ariel. "You Need A Personal Code Of Conduct. Here's Why." (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericaarielfox/2022/02/16/you-need-a-personal-code-of-conduct-heres-why/.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Seligman, Martin E. P.; Ph.D, Fox Leadership Professor of Psychology Martin E. P. Seligman (1975) (in en). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-0751-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=De12AQAACAAJ.
10. ↑ McMillan, Michael (2012-02-20). "Codes of Ethics: If You Adopt One, Will They Behave?". https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/investor/2012/02/20/codes-of-ethics-if-you-adopt-one-will-they-behave/.
11. ↑ Doig, Alan; Wilson, John (1998). "Business Ethics: A European Review Volume 7, Issue 3, July 1998". Business Ethics: A European Review 7 (3): 140–149. doi:10.1111/1467-8608.00100.
12. ↑ ACC. "Top Ten Tips for Developing an Effective Code of Conduct". http://www.acc.com/legalresources/publications/topten/codeofconduct.cfm.
13. ↑ Castellano, J. F., Rosenzweig, K. and Roehm, H. A., How Corporate Culture Impacts Unethical Distortion of Financial Numbers, Management Accounting Quarterly, Summer 2004, accessed 7 January 2023
14. ↑ Barman, Tanya; White, Samantha (June 2014). "Implementing an effective corporate ethics policy". http://www.cgma.org/magazine/issues/2014/jun/20149701.html.
15. ↑ Koh, Benjamin; McConnell, Pat (October 25, 2018). "Bank codes of conduct: add bars to the window dressing and make them legally binding". http://theconversation.com/bank-codes-of-conduct-add-bars-to-the-window-dressing-and-make-them-legally-binding-105391. Retrieved April 18, 2024.

## External links

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Social and environmental accountability

Ethics and
principles|

* Aarhus Convention
* Corporate accountability / behaviour / social responsibility
* Ethical banking
* Ethical code
* Extended producer responsibility
* Organizational ethics
* Organizational justice
* Principles for Responsible Investment
* Social responsibility
* Stakeholder theory
* Sullivan principles
* Transparency (behavioral
* social)
* UN Global Compact

Social
accounting|

* Double bottom line
* Ethical positioning index
* Higg Index
* Impact assessment (environmental
* equality
* social)
* ISO 26000
* ISO 45001
* Genuine progress indicator
* Performance indicator
* SA8000
* Social return on investment
* Whole-life cost

Environmental
accounting|

* Carbon accounting
* Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
* Emission inventory
* Environmental full-cost accounting / impact assessment / management system / profit-and-loss account
* ISO 14000
* ISO 14031
* Life-cycle assessment
* Pollutant release and transfer register
* Sustainability accounting / measurement / metrics and indices / standards and certification / supply chain
* Toxics Release Inventory
* Triple bottom line

Reporting|

* Global Reporting Initiative
* GxP guidelines
* Sustainability reporting

Auditing|

* Community-based monitoring
* Environmental (certification)
* Fair trade (certification)
* ISO 19011

Related|

* Bangladesh Accord
* Benefit corporation
* Child labour
* Community interest company
* Conflict of interest
* Disasters
* Disinvestment
* Eco-labeling
* Environmental pricing reform
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* Ethical consumerism
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* Environment portal
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