Law without the state

Law without the state (also called transnational stateless law, stateless law, or private legal orderings) is law made primarily outside of the power of a state. Such law may be established in several ways:

* It may emerge in systems such as existed in feudal Europe prior to the emergence of the modern nation state with the treaty of Westphalia.[1][2]
* It can be established as customary law such as that practiced by indigenous communities.[3][4]
* Non-state actors may create it,[5][6] for instance in the form of "soft law".
* According to various anarchist theories, it could result from how a society would organize itself without formal government.[7]

## References

1. ↑ Berman, Harold J. (1983). Law and Revolution: the Formation of the Western Legal Tradition.
2. ↑ Emily Kadens, 'Myth of the Customary Law Merchant' (2011) 90 Texas Law Review 1153.
3. ↑ van Schooten, H.; Verschuuren, J. (2008). International Governance and Law: State Regulation and Non-state Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
4. ↑ JC Bekker Seymour's Customary Law in Southern Africa 5 ed (1989).
5. ↑ Schultz, Thomas (2014). Transnational Legality: Stateless Law and International Arbitration. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641956.003.0004.
6. ↑ Schultz, Thomas (2007). "Private legal systems: what cyberspace might teach legal theorists". Yale Journal of Law and Technology 10 (151).
7. ↑ Chartier, Gary (2012). "Anarchy and Legal Order: Law and Politics for a Stateless Society". Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/anarchy-and-legal-order-law-and-politics-for-a-stateless-society/.

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