Nine Schools of Thought

Short description: Classical Chinese philosophical schools

The Nine Schools of Thought were the primary schools during the Hundred Schools of Thought period of China during the Eastern Zhou dynasty. They were:[1]

* Confucianism (as interpreted by Mencius and others),
* Legalism,
* Taoism,
* Mohism,
* Agriculturalism,
* two strains of Diplomatists,
* the Logicians,
* Sun Tzu's Militarists
* Naturalists

Although only the first three of these went on to receive imperial patronage in later dynasties, doctrines from each influenced the others and Chinese society in sometimes unusual ways. The Mohists, for instance, found little interest in their praise of meritocracy but much acceptance for their mastery of defensive siege warfare; much later, however, their arguments against nepotism were used in favor of establishing the imperial examination system.

## References

1. ↑ Companion Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy. Routledge Companion Encyclopaedias (1st ed.). Routledge. 1997. p. 466. ISBN 9780415035354. https://books.google.com/books?id=xIwrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA466&dq="nine+schools+of+thought".

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Chinese philosophy

Schools of Thought|

* Agriculturalism
* Confucianism
* Taoism
* Han learning
* Huang-Lao
* Legalism
* Mohism
* Neo-Confucianism
* Neo-Taoism
* New Confucianism
* Chinese Marxist Philosophy
* School of Diplomacy
* School of Names
* School of Naturalists
* Yangism

See also: Nine Schools of Thought and Hundred Schools of Thought

Philosophers|

* Confucius
* Gaozi
* Gongsun Long
* Han Feizi
* Huan Tan
* Huang Zongxi
* Jin Yuelin
* Laozi
* Li Si
* Lu Jiuyuan
* Mencius
* Mozi
* Shang Yang
* Su Qin
* Sunzi
* Tu Weiming
* Wang Chong
* Wang Fuzhi
* Wang Yangming
* Xu Xing
* Xunzi
* Yang Zhu
* Zhang Yi
* Zhu Xi
* Zhuangzi
* Zou Yan

Concepts|

* Dào: Way
* Dé: Virtue
* Fǎ: Model
* Jiān ài: Universal Love
* Jing: Reverence
* Jìngzuo: Meditation
* Lĭ: Ritual propriety
* Li: Law
* Mìng: Mandate or fate
* Qì: Energy
* Qing: Essence
* Rén: Humaneness
* Shén: Spirit
* Si: Reflection
* Tǐ: Substance
* Tiān: Divine force
* Wú wéi: Nonaction
* Xiào: Filial piety
* Xin: Disposition or intuition
* Xing: Human nature
* Yì: Righteousness
* Yīnyáng: Interdependent opposites
* Yòng: Function
* Zhèngmíng: Rectification of names
* Zhì: Intention or will; Wisdom or cleverness
* Zìrán: Self-so or natural

Topics|

* Aesthetics
* Epistemology
* Ethics (Role ethics
* State consequentialism)
* Logic
* Metaphysics
* Political philosophy
* Social philosophy
* Theology

Regional schools|

* Lingnan Confucianism

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