Parliament of Scholars

Parliament of ScholarsCoined by| Huang Zongxi (1610-1695)

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Origin| Waiting for the Dawn
Translator| Ted de bary (1919-2017)
Essence| Confucian upper house

Parliament of Scholars[1] (Chinese: 学者议会[2]) is a term used by William Theodore de Bary[3] in his translation of Huang Zongxi's Waiting for the Dawn, [4] and Daniel A. Bell translated this term into "House of Scholars", [5] which was later called the Xianshiyuan[6] (literally, "House of Virtue and Talent").[7]

The proposal to establish a "Parliament of Scholars", which is a Confucian upper house, was first put forward by Huang Zongxi.[8] It is made up of representatives elected on the basis of competitive examinations from the Confucian classics, among other things.[9]

## Evaluation

A Chinese scholar argued that Huang Zongxi's proposal for a Parliament of Scholars was only one step away from the modern representative system.[10]

## References

1. ↑ Stephen Macedo (26 August 1999). Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford University Press. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-19-028511-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=y2RMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT91.
2. ↑ Stephen C． Angle (15 January 2014). "The Confucian Virtue–Ritual–Politics Model: Progressive Confucianism's Perspective on Political Philosophy". ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303299745_rujiade_dexing_-_li_-_zhengzhi_moshi_
_jinburuxueshijiaoxiadezhengzhizhexue.
3. ↑ Daniel A. Bell (8 May 2000). East Meets West: Human Rights and Democracy in East Asia. Princeton University Press. pp. 305–. ISBN 1-4008-2355-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=lR_5Shx8y90C&pg=PA305.
4. ↑ Daniel A. Bell (10 January 2009). Beyond Liberal Democracy: Political Thinking for an East Asian Context. Princeton University Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 1-4008-2746-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=eowWZSvloqcC&pg=PA164.
5. ↑ Daniel A. Bell (March 13, 1997). "An Asian Democracy For the 21st Century". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB858191276340899000.
6. ↑ Daniel A. Bell; Chenyang Li (12 August 2013). The East Asian Challenge for Democracy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-107-03839-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=4dE0AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69.
7. ↑ E. Leib; B. He (2 October 2006). The Search for Deliberative Democracy in China. Springer. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-0-312-37615-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=P2yHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11.
8. ↑ Wai Fong Foong (1999). The New Asian Way: Rebuilding Asia Through Self-reliance. Pelanduk Publications. pp. 255–. ISBN 978-967-978-692-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=i7SzAAAAIAAJ.
9. ↑ Sungmoon Kim (21 April 2016). Public Reason Confucianism: Democratic Perfectionism and Constitutionalism in East Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-1-107-10622-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=DsPgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5.
10. ↑ Xia Yong (22 June 2011). The Philosophy of Civil Rights in the Context of China. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 128–. ISBN 90-04-19599-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=fDXO_lsajJEC&pg=PA128.

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