Rajas

Rajas (Sanskrit: रजस्) is one of the three Guṇas (tendencies, qualities, attributes), a philosophical and psychological concept developed by the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy.[1][2] The other two qualities are Sattva (goodness, balance) and Tamas (destruction, chaos). Rajas is innate tendency or quality that drives motion, energy and activity.[3][4]

Rajas is sometimes translated as passion, where it is used in the sense of activity, without any particular value and it can contextually be either good or bad.[1][2] Rajas helps actualize the other aforementioned two gunas.[5][6]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Discussion
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Description

In Samkhya philosophy, a guṇa is one of three "tendencies, qualities": sattva, rajas and tamas. This category of qualities have been widely adopted by various schools of Hinduism for categorizing behavior and natural phenomena. The three qualities are:

* Sattva is the quality of balance, harmony, goodness, purity, universalizing, holistic, constructive, creative, building, positive attitude, luminous, serenity, being-ness, peaceful, virtuous.[4][7][8]
* Rajas is the quality of passion, activity, neither good nor bad and sometimes either, self-centeredness, egoistic, individualizing, driven, moving, dynamic.[9][10]
* Tamas is the quality of imbalance, disorder, chaos, anxiety, impure, destructive, delusion, negative, dull or inactive, apathy, inertia or lethargy, violent, vicious, ignorant.[11]

In Indian philosophy, these qualities are not considered as present in either-or fashion. Rather, everyone and everything has all three, only in different proportions and in different contexts.[12] The living being or substance is viewed as the net result of the joint effect of these three qualities.[9][12]

According to Samkya school, no one and nothing is either purely Sattvik or purely Rajasik or purely Tamasik.[9] One's nature and behavior is a complex interplay of all of these, with each guna in varying degrees. In some, the conduct is Rajasik with significant influence of Sattvik guna, in some it is Rajasik with significant influence of Tamasik guna, and so on.[9]

## Discussion

Rajas is that quality or attribute in a substance (Prakriti) or individual which promotes or upholds the activity of the other aspects of nature (prakriti) such as one or more of the following:

1. action,
2. change, mutation;
3. passion, excitement;
4. birth, creation, generation.

If a person or thing tends to be extremely active, excitable, or passionate, that person or thing could be said to have a preponderance of rajas. It is contrasted with the quality of tamas, which is the quality of inactivity, darkness, and laziness, and with sattva, which is the quality of purity, clarity, calmness and creativity. Rajas is viewed as being more positive than tamas, and less positive than sattva, except, perhaps, for one who has "transcended the gunas" and achieved equanimity in all fields of relative life.[13]

## See also

* Samkhyakarika (verses 12 to 14 discuss Sattva, Rajas and Tamas)

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gerald James Larson (2001). Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 10–18, 49, 163. ISBN 978-81-208-0503-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih2aGLp4d1gC.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 James G. Lochtefeld, Rajas, in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, Vol. 2, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 9780823931798, pages 546-547
3. ↑ Gerald James Larson (2001). Classical Sāṃkhya: An Interpretation of Its History and Meaning. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 244. ISBN 978-81-208-0503-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih2aGLp4d1gC.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ian Whicher (1998), The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana, State University of New York Press, pages 86-87, 124-125, 163-167, 238-243
5. ↑ Autobiography Of A Yogi, Paramahansa Yogananda, Self Realization Fellowship, 1973, p. 22
6. ↑ Maharishi Mahesh Yogi on the Bhagavad Gita Translation and Commentary, Arkana, 1990 p. 236
7. ↑ Alter, Joseph S., Yoga in modern India, 2004 Princeton University Press, p 55
8. ↑ Mikel Burley (2007). Classical Samkhya and Yoga: An Indian Metaphysics of Experience. Routledge. pp. 101–105, 120–122, 167, 185. ISBN 978-1-134-15978-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=K3B9AgAAQBAJ.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Alban Widgery (1930), The principles of Hindu Ethics, International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 40, No. 2, pages 234-237
10. ↑ Ian Whicher (1998), The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana, State University of New York Press, pages 63, 124-129, 138, 188-190
11. ↑ Ian Whicher (1998), The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana, State University of New York Press, pages 63, 110-112, 124-126, 163, 188
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 James G. Lochtefeld, Sattva, in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, Vol. 2, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 9780823931798, page 265
13. ↑ Maharishi Mahesh Yogi on the Bhagavad Gita Translation and Commentary, 1990 pp. 221–223

* v
* t
* e

Hinduism topics

* Glossary

Philosophy|

| Concepts|

* Brahman
* Om
* Ishvara
* Atman
* Maya
* Karma
* Saṃsāra

* Puruṣārthas
* Dharma
* Artha
* Kama
* Moksha

* Niti
* Ahimsa
* Asteya
* Aparigraha
* Brahmacharya
* Satya
* Dāna
* Damah
* Dayā
* Akrodha

|

Schools|

* Āstika: Samkhya
* Yoga
* Nyaya
* Vaisheshika
* Mīmāṃsā
* Vedanta
* Dvaita
* Advaita
* Vishishtadvaita
* Nāstika: Charvaka

Texts|

| Classification|

* Śruti
* Smriti

|

Vedas|

* Rigveda
* Yajurveda
* Samaveda
* Atharvaveda

Divisions|

* Samhita
* Brahmana
* Aranyaka

Upanishads|

* Aitareya
* Kaushitaki
* Brihadaranyaka
* Isha
* Taittiriya
* Katha
* Maitri
* Shvetashvatara
* Chandogya
* Kena
* Mundaka
* Mandukya
* Prashna

Upavedas|

* Ayurveda
* Dhanurveda
* Natya Shastra
* Sthapatyaveda

Vedanga|

* Shiksha
* Chandas
* Vyākaraṇa
* Nirukta
* Kalpa
* Jyotisha

Other|

* Bhagavad Gita
* Agamas
* Itihasas
* Ramayana
* Mahabharata
* Puranas
* Minor Upanishads
* Arthashastra
* Dharmaśāstra
* Manusmriti
* Nāradasmṛti
* Yājñavalkya Smṛti
* Sutras
* Stotras
* Subhashita
* Tantras
* Yoga Vasistha
* Yoga Sutras of Patanjali

Deities|

* Trimurti
* Brahma
* Vishnu
* Shiva
* Ishvara
* Devi
* Deva
* Saraswati
* Lakshmi
* Parvati
* Shakti
* Durga
* Kali
* Ganesha
* Kartikeya
* Ayyappan
* Rama
* Krishna
* Hanuman
* Prajapati
* Rudra
* Indra
* Agni
* Dyaus
* Bhumi
* Varuna
* Vayu

Practices|

| Worship|

* Temple
* Murti
* Puja
* Bhakti
* Japa
* Bhajan
* Naivedhya
* Yajna
* Homa
* Tapas
* Dhyana
* Tirthadana

|

Sanskaras|

* Garbhadhana
* Pumsavana
* Simantonayana
* Jatakarma
* Namakarana
* Nishkramana
* Annaprashana
* Chudakarana
* Karnavedha
* Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
* Upanayana
* Keshanta
* Ritushuddhi
* Samavartanam
* Vivaah
* Antyesti

Varnashrama|

* Varna
* Brahmin
* Kshatriya
* Vaishya
* Shudra

* Ashrama
* Brahmacharya
* Grihastha
* Vanaprastha
* Sannyasa

Festivals|

* Diwali
* Holi
* Shivaratri
* Raksha Bandhan
* Navaratri
* Durga Puja
* Ramlila
* Vijayadashami (Dasara)
* Ganesh Chaturthi
* Rama Navami
* Janmashtami
* Onam
* Pongal
* Makar Sankranti
* New Year
* Bihu
* Gudi Padwa
* Pahela Baishakh
* Puthandu
* Vaisakhi
* Vishu
* Ugadi
* Kumbha Mela
* Ratha Yatra
* Teej
* Vasant Panchami
* Others

Other|

* Svādhyāya
* Namaste
* Bindi
* Tilaka

Related|

* Hindus
* Denominations
* Law
* Calendar
* Criticism
* Hindu gurus and sants
* Hindu studies
* Iconography
* Mythology
* Nationalism
* Hindutva
* Persecution
* Pilgrimage sites
* Glossary
* Hinduism by country

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

Indian philosophy

Topics|

* Atheism
* Atomism
* Idealism
* Logic
* Monotheism
* Vedic philosophy

Āstika|

* Hindu: Samkhya
* Nyaya
* Vaisheshika
* Yoga
* Mīmāṃsā
* Vedanta
* Acintya bheda abheda
* Advaita
* Bhedabheda
* Dvaita
* Dvaitadvaita
* Shuddhadvaita
* Vishishtadvaita
* Shaiva
* Pratyabhijña
* Pashupata Shaivism
* Shaiva Siddhanta

Nāstika|

* Ājīvika
* Ajñana
* Cārvāka
* Jain
* Anekantavada
* Syādvāda
* Buddhist philosophy and Early Buddhist schools
* Śūnyatā
* Madhyamaka
* Yogacara
* Sautrāntika
* Svatantrika

Texts|

* Abhinavabharati
* Arthashastra
* Bhagavad Gita
* Bhagavata Purana
* Brahma Sutra
* Buddhist texts
* Dharmashastra
* Hindu texts
* Jain Agamas
* Kamasutra
* Mimamsa Sutras
* All 108 texts
* Principal
* Nyāya Sūtras
* Nyayakusumanjali
* Panchadasi
* Samkhyapravachana Sutra
* Shiva Sutras
* Tarka-Sangraha
* Tattvacintāmaṇi
* Tirukkural
* Upanishads
* Minor
* Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
* Vedangas
* Vedas
* Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
* Yoga Vasistha
* More...

Philosophers|

* Adi Shankara
* Valluvar
* Avatsara
* Uddalaka Aruni
* Gautama Buddha
* Yājñavalkya
* Gargi Vachaknavi
* Buddhaghosa
* Patañjali
* Kanada
* Kapila
* Brihadratha Ikshvaku
* Jaimini
* Vyasa
* Chanakya
* Dharmakirti
* Akshapada Gotama
* Nagarjuna
* Padmasambhava
* Vasubandhu
* Gaudapada
* Ramana Maharshi
* Vivekananda
* Dayananda Saraswati
* Ramanuja
* Vedanta Desika
* Raikva
* Sadananda
* Sakayanya
* Satyakama Jabala
* Madhvacharya
* Mahavira
* Guru Nanak
* Vidyaranya
* More...

Concepts|

* Abhava
* Abhasavada
* Abheda
* Adarsana
* Adrishta
* Advaita
* Aham
* Ahimsa
* Aishvarya
* Akrodha
* Aksara
* Anatta
* Ananta
* Anavastha
* Anupalabdhi
* Apauruṣheyā
* Artha
* Asiddhatva
* Asatkalpa
* Ātman
* Avyakta
* Brahman
* Brahmi sthiti
* Bhuman
* Bhumika
* Chaitanya
* Chidabhasa
* Cittabhumi
* Dāna
* Devatas
* Dharma
* Dhi
* Dravya
* Dhrti
* Ekagrata
* Guṇa
* Guru Vandana
* Hitā
* Idam
* Ikshana
* Ishvaratva
* Jivatva
* Kama
* Karma
* Kasaya
* Kshetrajna
* Lakshana
* Mithyatva
* Mokṣa
* Nididhyasana
* Nirvāṇa
* Niyama
* Padārtha
* Paramatman
* Paramananda
* Parameshashakti
* Parinama-vada
* Pradhana
* Prajna
* Prakṛti
* Pratibimbavada
* Pratītyasamutpāda
* Puruṣa
* Rājamaṇḍala
* Ṛta
* Sakshi
* Samadhi
* Saṃsāra
* Sankalpa
* Satya
* Satkaryavada
* Shabda Brahman
* Sphoṭa
* Sthiti
* Śūnyatā
* Sutram
* Svātantrya
* Iccha-mrityu
* Syādvāda
* Taijasa
* Tajjalan
* Tanmatra
* Tyāga
* Uparati
* Upekkhā
* Utsaha
* Vivartavada
* Viraj
* Yamas
* Yoga
* More...

0.00

(0 votes)

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Philosophy:Rajas&oldid=782361"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template