Abraham–Minkowski controversy

Short description: In physics: electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media

The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media.[1][2] Two equations were first suggested by Hermann Minkowski (1908)[3] and Max Abraham (1909)[4][5] for this momentum. They predict different values, from which the name of the controversy derives.[6] Experimental support has been claimed for both.[7][8][9][10]

David J. Griffiths argues that, in the presence of matter, only the total stress–energy tensor carries unambiguous physical significance, and how one apportions it between an "electromagnetic" part and a "matter" part depends on context and convenience.[11]

Several papers have claimed to have resolved this controversy.[12][13][14][15][16][17]

## References

1. ↑ Leonhardt, Ulf (2006). "Momentum in an uncertain light". Nature 444 (7121): 823–824. doi:10.1038/444823a. PMID 17167461. Bibcode: 2006Natur.444..823L.
2. ↑ McDonald, K. T. (2017). "Bibliography on the Abraham–Minkowski Debate". http://physics.princeton.edu/~mcdonald/examples/ambib.pdf.
3. ↑ Minkowski, H. (1908). "Die Grundgleichungen für die elektromagnetischen Vorgänge in bewegten Körpern". Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse: 53–111.

* Wikisource translation: The Fundamental Equations for Electromagnetic Processes in Moving Bodies
4. ↑ Abraham, M. (1909). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper". Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo 28: 1–28. doi:10.1007/bf03018208.

* Wikisource translation: On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies
5. ↑ Abraham, M. (1910). "Sull'Elletrodinamica di Minkowski". Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo 30: 33–46. doi:10.1007/bf03014862. https://zenodo.org/record/1428452.

* Wikisource translation: On the Electrodynamics of Minkowski
6. ↑ Pfeifer, R. N. C.; Nieminen, T. A; Heckenberg, N. R.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. (2007). "Colloquium: Momentum of an electromagnetic wave in dielectric media". Reviews of Modern Physics 79 (4): 1197–1216. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.79.1197. Bibcode: 2007RvMP...79.1197P. See also: Pfeifer, Robert N. C.; Nieminen, Timo A.; Heckenberg, Norman R.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina (2009). "Erratum: Colloquium: Momentum of an electromagnetic wave in dielectric media [Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1197 (2007)]". Reviews of Modern Physics 81 (1): 443. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.443. Bibcode: 2009RvMP...81..443P.
7. ↑ A. Ashkin; J. M. Dziedzic (1973). "Radiation Pressure on a Free Liquid Surface". Physical Review Letters 30 (4): 139–142. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.139.
8. ↑ Gretchen K. Campbell; Aaron E. Leanhardt; Jongchul Mun; Micah Boyd; Erik W. Streed; Wolfgang Ketterle; David E. Pritchard (2005). "Photon Recoil Momentum in Dispersive Media". Physical Review Letters 94 (17): 170403. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.170403. PMID 15904272.
9. ↑ Weilong She; Jianhui Yu; Raohui Feng (2008). "Observation of a Push Force on the End Face of a Nanometer Silica Filament Exerted by Outgoing Light". Physical Review Letters 101 (24): 243601. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.243601. PMID 19113619.
10. ↑ Dacey, J. (9 January 2009). "Experiment resolves century-old optics mystery". Physics World. https://physicsworld.com/a/experiment-resolves-century-old-optics-mystery/.
11. ↑ Griffiths, D. J. (2012). "Resource Letter EM-1: Electromagnetic Momentum". American Journal of Physics 80 (1): 7–18. doi:10.1119/1.3641979. Bibcode: 2012AmJPh..80....7G.
12. ↑ Gordon, J. P. (1973). "Radiation forces and momenta in dielectric media". Physical Review A 8 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1103/physreva.8.14. Bibcode: 1973PhRvA...8...14G.
13. ↑ Nelson, D. F. (1991). "Momentum, pseudomomentum, and wave momentum: Toward resolving the Minkowski–Abraham controversy". Physical Review A 44 (6): 3985–3996. doi:10.1103/physreva.44.3985. PMID 9906414. Bibcode: 1991PhRvA..44.3985N.
14. ↑ Mansuripur, M. (2010). "Resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski controversy". Optics Communications 283 (10): 1997–2005. doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2010.01.010. Bibcode: 2010OptCo.283.1997M.
15. ↑ Barnett, S. (2010). "Resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski Dilemma". Physical Review Letters 104 (7): 070401. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.070401. PMID 20366861. Bibcode: 2010PhRvL.104g0401B. https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/26871/5/AbMinPRL.pdf.
16. ↑ Mikko Partanen; Teppo Häyrynen; Jani Oksanen; Jukka Tulkki (2017). "Photon mass drag and the momentum of light in a medium". Physical Review A 95 (6): 063850. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.063850. Bibcode: 2017PhRvA..95f3850P.
17. ↑ Mikko Partanen; Jukka Tulkki (2021). "Covariant theory of light in a dispersive medium". Physical Review A 104 (2): 023510. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.104.023510. Bibcode: 2021PhRvA.104b3510P.

## External links

* Physical Review Focus: Momentum From Nothing
* Physical Review Focus: Light Bends Glass

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