Conducting polymer metal nanocomposites

Conducting polymer metal nanocomposites are.[clarification needed]

In past years,[when?] polymers were known so far as a class of heat sensitive, flexible, electrically insulting amorphous materials. But new dimensions to present era[when?] is given by the discovery of π-conjugated conducting polymers commonly such as polyacetylene (PA).[1] Nowadays[when?] various conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polyindole, and polythiophenes (see conductive polymer) are most studied and various methods are reported such as hard template methods, soft template methods[2] are used for the synthesis of various nanostructures.[3]

The basic conduction mechanism in conducting polymers is due to Polarons, Bipolarons and solitons.[4] Conducting polymers are used in various applications such as chemical sensors and biosensors, transistors and switches, data storage devices, photovoltaic cells, and actuators.[5] But the conducting polymers metal nanocomposites[6] allow for more efficient applications than their bulk counterparts. Nowadays[when?] various methods such as one-pot synthesis,[7] in situ synthesis,[8] sonochemical synthesis[9] etc. were used and different type of nanostructures such as nanofibers,[10] spherical,[6] one-dimensional nanocomposites[11] and they are used in potential applications such as sensoric[12] and electrochromic devices.[13]

## References

1. ↑ Shirakawa, Hireki; Edwin J. Louis; Alan G. MacDiarmid; Chwan K. Chiang; Alan J. Heeger (1977). "Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x". Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (16): 578–580. doi:10.1039/C39770000578. http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1977/c3/c39770000578.
2. ↑ Xia, Lin; Zhixiang Wei; Meixiang Wan (1 January 2010). "Conducting polymer nanostructures and their application in biosensors". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 341 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.029. PMID 19837415. Bibcode: 2010JCIS..341....1X.
3. ↑ Kumar, Vijay; Kalia, Susheel; Swart, Hendrik C. (2016-11-02) (in en). Conducting Polymer Hybrids. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-46458-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=ORZuDQAAQBAJ&q=Conducting+polymer+metal+nanocomposites&pg=PA90.
4. ↑ Bredas, Jean Luc; G. Bryan Street (18 October 1985). "Polarons, bipolarons, and solitons in conducting polymers". Accounts of Chemical Research 18 (10): 309–315. doi:10.1021/ar00118a005.
5. ↑ Skotheim, Terje A. (2006). Conjugated Polymers: Processing and Applications. Florida USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200--4360-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=UfJKvK8FBe4C&q=conducting+polymer+applications&pg=PA3.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gangopadhyay, Rupali; Amitabha De (1 March 2000). "Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites: A Brief Overview". Chemistry of Materials 12 (3): 608–622. doi:10.1021/cm990537f.
7. ↑ Pillalamarri, Sunil K.; Frank D. Blum; Akira T. Tokuhiro; Massimo F. Bertino (4 Nov 2005). "One-Pot Synthesis of Polyaniline−Metal Nanocomposites". Chemistry of Materials 17 (24): 5941–5944. doi:10.1021/cm050827y.
8. ↑ Reddy, Kakarla Raghava; Kwang-Pill Leea; Youngil Leec; Anantha Iyengar Gopalana (30 April 2008). "Facile synthesis of conducting polymer–metal hybrid nanocomposite by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization with negatively charged metal nanoparticles". Materials Letters 62 (12–13): 1815–1818. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.10.025.
9. ↑ Park, Jong-Eun; Mahito Atobe; Toshio Fuchigami (1 October 2004). "Electrochimica Acta". Electrochemical Micro & Nano Technologies (EMT 2004) 51 (5): 849–854. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.052.
10. ↑ Huang, Jiaxing (2006). "Syntheses and applications of conducting polymer polyaniline nanofibers". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1351/pac200678010015. http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/78/1/0015/. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
11. ↑ Lu, Xiaofeng; Wanjin Zhanga; Ce Wanga; Ten-Chin Wenb; Yen Weic (May 2011). "One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications". Progress in Polymer Science 36 (5): 671–712. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.010.
12. ↑ Hanisch, C; A Kulkarni; V Zaporojtchenko; F Faupel (4 April 2008). "Polymer-metal nanocomposites with 2-dimensional Au nanoparticle arrays for sensoric applications". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 100 (5): 052043. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/100/5/052043. Bibcode: 2008JPhCS.100e2043H.
13. ↑ Namboothiry, Manoj A.G.; Tylor Zimmerman; Faith M. Coldren; Jiwen Liu; Kyungkon Kim; David. L. Carroll (July 2007). "Electrochromic properties of conducting polymer metal nanoparticles composites". Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials and Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA 157 (13–15): 580–584. doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.06.006.

## External links

* "Jadranka Travas-Sejdic Research Group | Conducting polymer research at the University of Auckland, School of Chemical Sciences". travas-sejdic.auckland.ac.nz. http://travas-sejdic.auckland.ac.nz/. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
* "Canada Research Chair - Profile". chairs-chaires.gc.ca. 29 November 2012. http://www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/chairholders-titulaires/profile-eng.aspx?profileID=1114. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
* "Braun Research Group". braungroup.beckman.illinois.edu. http://braungroup.beckman.illinois.edu/Alex.html. Retrieved 2014-02-28.

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