Grate firing

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Grate firing is a type of industrial combustion system used for solid fuels.[1] It now is used mainly for burning waste and biomass, but also for smaller coal furnaces.

* Capacities 0.3 to 175 MWth in industry and CHP
* Fuel fired per grate area 1-2 MW/m2, maximum grate area 100 m2
* Grates are typical only suitable for coarse particles, for fine particles a spreader is required, increases max. capacity
* Primary air through the grate (also used for cooling) and secondary air

## Contents

* 1 Types
* 2 Grate area
* 3 References
* 4 See also

## Types

travelling grate in an old steam boiler

Until the 1930s, the Dutch oven was the primary technology used to improve combustion for low-quality or high-moisture fuels. It has largely been replaced by the following:[2]

Travelling grate
A moving grate which is covered with a fuel layer, 10-30 cm. Power control by means of varying the grate velocity

Reciprocating grate
For ash-rich, low calorific fuels like municipal waste, arrangement of stationary and moving grates -> conveying and mixing (forward-moving type or reverse-action grate)

Vibrating grate
Water cooled membrane wall, with holes for air. For burning coal or wood.

## Grate area

The grate area is the area of the grate (length x width). The larger the grate area, the more fuel can be burned per hour. The amount of fuel burned also depends on the fuel or bed movement velocity.

## References

1. ↑ EN 12952-16:2022 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations – Part 16: Requirements for grate and fluidized-bed firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler. EN 12952. Brussels: CEN. 2022. https://www.nen.nl/en/nen-en-12952-16-2022-en-302565?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
2. ↑ Petchers, Neil (2012). Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications. New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 9788770229135. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Combined_Heating_Cooling_Power_Handbook/tOgJEAAAQBAJ.

## See also

* Fluidised bed firing
* Pulverized fuel firing

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