Gravity

Gravity Co., Ltd.

Type| Public

Traded as

| NASDAQ: GRVY
Industry| Video games
Founded| April 2000
Headquarters| Seoul, Republic of Korea

Key people

| Hyun Chul Park (CEO)
Yoshinori Kitamura, COO
Heung Gon Kim, CFO
Products| Video games
Revenue|  KRW₩141,623,000,000 (2017)[1]

Net income

|  KRW₩13,314,000,000 (2017)
Parent| GungHo Online Entertainment
Subsidiaries| Gravity Interactive
Website| Gravity Co., Ltd. Korean

Gravity Co., Ltd. (Korean: 그라비티 주식회사) is a South Korean video game corporation primarily known for the development of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Ragnarok Online.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Diversion of Revenues Under Previous Management
* 1.2 Settlement, Conclusion Of Litigation
* 2 Titles
* 2.1 Requiem: Bloodymare
* 2.2 Ice Age Online
* 2.3 Ragnarok Online
* 2.4 Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of The Second
* 2.5 ROSE Online
* 2.6 PC
* 2.7 Mobile
* 3 Subsidiaries
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## History

The corporation started as a small business in Shinsa-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, South Korea and has expanded to an international corporate interest with several subsidiary divisions. On 8 February 2005, Gravity Corporation made their IPO and traded $108 million US dollars on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol GRVY.[2]

The company has had a rather turbulent history initially involving internal political conflicts between CEO Hakyu Kim (who eventually left the company), and company president Jung Ryool Kim (who later assumed control as CEO), but has since stabilised and expanded operations to all of north and south-east Asia through supervised partnerships with native corporate entities. However, while Gravity Corporation's flagship product Ragnarok Online is considered a success in Asia, operations are not as well developed in Europe and the United States in comparison to similar products marketed and developed there.

On 30 August 2005, Jung Ryool Kim, the controlling shareholder, sold his 52% stake and set plans to quit as a director. The buyers of his shares were Ezer and Techno Groove of Japan, a pair of technology ventures controlled by Il Young Ryu and Taizo and Masayoshi Son. After becoming the new majority shareholder, on 13 September 2005, Il Young Ryu was named by Gravity as its new chairman and joint chief executive. Il Young Ryu is also the founder of Area Network Limited and the CEO of Internet Japan. In December, 2006, Techno Groove merged into Asian Groove, and ceased to exist. EZER subsequently returned Techno Groove's investment of 9.9 billion yen to Asian Groove, which gave up any interest in Gravity. On 19 October 2007, EZER sold their interest in Gravity to Son Assets Management or SAM.[3][4][5][6]

On 22 May 2006, Gravity announced it had invested $9 Million in US game developer Perpetual Entertainment. Consequently, Gravity received a position on Perpetual's board of directors. Gravity also received "priority rights for future access to contents and other intellectual property rights of Perpetual Entertainment."[7] On 21 November 2007, Gravity announced they had lost their investment after Perpetual cancelled its development of the MMORPG Gods and Heroes. The loss would be reflected in their financial statement for 2007.[8]

On 5 December 2007, Gravity announced they had formed a new US-based game developer, L5 Games. L5 is a subsidiary of Gravity Interactive, Inc. and is based in San Mateo, California. The company is composed of former Blizzard Entertainment employees.[9]

On 14 February 2008, GungHo Online Entertainment obtained 52.4% stake of Gravity.[10]

### Diversion of Revenues Under Previous Management

From 2002 through 2004, Gravity's chairman Mr. Jung Ryool Kim diverted approximately $6 Million in revenue from the company to himself. In 2005, Kim sold his shares of Gravity to EZER, Inc., a Japanese corporation. Kim paid the company back KRW 7.8 billion on 17 October 2005. After an investigation, Gravity and Kim reached a final settlement where Mr. Kim would additionally pay Gravity "in part to reimburse the Company for certain of the costs and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the investigation of the former Chairman's diversion of revenues otherwise due to the Company." Both parties agreed to cease any civil and criminal litigation against one another. As a result of the investigation, Gravity was forced to restate its financial statements for the years 2002-2004.[11][12][13]

### Settlement, Conclusion Of Litigation

In 2006, two U.S. based hedge funds created a committee for "fair treatment of minority shareholders" which initiated litigation charging that the majority shareholders and officers have violated their fiduciary obligations.

The funds, Moon Capital Management and Ramius Capital Group, both headquartered in New York City, demanded that Gravity call an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders to give them a chance to vote Il Young Ryu out of office. Their demands were in time successful, and a meeting was scheduled for 26 December.

On 11 June 2007, Gravity announced that it and other defendants had reached an agreement in principle to settle the class action litigation brought on behalf of purchasers of the Company's American Depository Shares during the period from 7 February 2005 November 10, 2005, inclusive. $10 Million was set aside to pay the plaintiffs, $5 Million of which came directly from Gravity, in exchange for being released from any liability. However, the company continued to deny any wrongdoing.[14]

On 7 January 2008, Gravity announced that the federal judge presiding over the consolidated class action approved the settlement of the class action. In addition, no plaintiff has filed an appeal during the 30-day time appeal period which expired on 21 December 2007.[15]

## Titles

The following are games that have been published and/or are currently being developed by Gravity.

### Requiem: Bloodymare

Requiem: Bloodymare (Korean: 레퀴엠 온라인) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by Gravity. It was released in South Korea on 31 August 2007 for Microsoft Windows.

### Ice Age Online

On 14 January 2008, the company announced an exclusive seven-year deal with 20th Century Fox licensing and merchandising to develop and publish "Ice Age Online", an online game based on Fox's Ice Age motion picture franchise, but development was halted in 2009.[16]

### Ragnarok Online

Main article: Software:Ragnarok Online

Ragnarok Online (Korean: 라그나로크 온라인) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game created by Gravity based on the manhwa Ragnarok by Lee Myung-jin. It was released in South Korea on 31 August 2002 for Microsoft Windows. Much of the game's mythos is based on Norse mythology, but its style has been influenced by Christianity and various Asian cultures as well. The game has spawned an animated series, Ragnarok the Animation, and a sequel game, Ragnarok Online 2, (a remake of Ragnarok Online 2: The Gate of the World) released in South Korea on 26 March 2012. It has also spawned a beat 'em up game called Ragnarok Battle Offline, which was developed by French Bread and published by Gravity.

### Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of The Second

Main article: Software:Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of the Second

Ragnarok Online 2: Legend of the Second (Korean: 라그나로크 온라인 2: Legend of the Second; is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, the sequel to Ragnarok Online. Most of the game's universe is based on Norse mythology. The soundtrack was produced by Yoko Kanno, well known for her work in Cowboy Bebop and other anime series.

### ROSE Online

Main article: Software:ROSE Online

ROSE Online, or Rush On Seven Episodes Online (Korean: 로즈 온라인) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game which was created by Korean company Triggersoft and published by Gravity Corp. Triggersoft stopped developing the game in 2007, and the rights of ROSE Online were sold to several different companies which now develop and publish their own versions of the game. For instance, Gravity Interactive, Inc. develops and publishes its version of the game for 3 North American and 40 European countries.[17]

### PC

Gravity Corporation has also published and/or developed the following PC game titles:

* Arcturus - The Curse and Loss of Divinity
* Emil Chronicle Online
* Paper Man
* Pucca Racing
* Requiem: Bloodymare
* Stylia
* Time N Tales

### Mobile

Gravity has also published and/or developed the following titles for mobile devices:

* Ragnarok R
* Miracle PORORO
* MagicPuzzle Island
* Ragnarok: Path of Heroes
* RO: Idle Poring
* Requiem Mobile
* Ragnarok DS

## Subsidiaries

Gravity owns a number of subsidiary companies, which publish and develop its games in countries and regions around the world.

* Gravity Interactive publishes games in North America. It was established in March, 2003, and is based in Buena Park, California.[18]
* Gravity CIS, Inc. publishes games in Russia and CIS countries. It was established in 2005 and is based in Moscow, Russia.[19]
* Gravity Europe SAS publishes games in Europe. It was established in September, 2006, and is based in Paris, France.[20]
* Neo Cyon, Inc., established in 2000, develops and publishes mobile games and MMORPGs. It was acquired by Gravity in 2005.[21][22]
* Triggersoft, which created ROSE Online, was acquired by Gravity in 2005. It was liquidated in 2007.[23]

## See also

* Ragnarok Battle Offline

## References

1. ↑ [1]
2. ↑ MSN Money IPO Center - Gravity Co., Ltd. IPO
3. ↑ 19-10-2007 SEC 13-D/A Filing
4. ↑ 30-08-2005 SEC 13D Filing
5. ↑ 13-09-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
6. ↑ 5-11-2007 SEC 13-D Filing
7. ↑ 22-05-2006 SEC 6-K Filing
8. ↑ 21-11-2007 SEC 6-K Filing
9. ↑ 05-12-2007 SEC 6-K Filing
10. ↑ Japan's GungHo to acquire S.Korea Gravity majority
11. ↑ 18-05-2006 SEC 6-K Filing
12. ↑ 08-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
13. ↑ 10-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
14. ↑ 11-06-2007 SEC 6-K Filing
15. ↑ 07-01-2008 SEC 6-K Filing
16. ↑ see 20-f form page 46 in 2009[full citation needed]
17. ↑ "2009 Annual Report". Gravity Corp.. 2010-06-01. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1313310/000095012310054555/h04158e20vf.htm#111. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
18. ↑ About Gravity Interactive - Gravity KR Website
19. ↑ About Gravity CIS, Inc. - Gravity KR Website
20. ↑ About Gravity Europe - Gravity KR Website
21. ↑ About Neo Cyon, Inc. - Gravity KR Website
22. ↑ 15-11-2005 SEC 6-K Filing
23. ↑ "2007 Annual Report". Gravity Corp.. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1313310/000114554908001180/h02250e20vf.htm#112.

## External links

* Official Gravity Corporation website

* v
* t
* e

Ragnarok franchise

Games|

* Ragnarok Online
* 2: The Gate of the World
* Legend of the Second
* DS
* Battle Offline
* Tactics
* Odyssey
* Valkyrie Uprising

Media|

* Ragnarok (manhwa)
* Ragnarok the Animation

Related|

* Lee Myung Jin
* Gravity

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