HCNG

HCNG or H2CNG (hydrogen compressed natural gas) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy.[1] It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines[2][3][4] and home appliances.

(regarding the acronyms in the above emissions chart:

AVL = Average Levels?
CNG = Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG = Hydrogen and CNG blend
NOX = Nitrogen Oxides
NMHC = Non-Methane Hydrocarbons?
CH4 = Methane
THC = Total Hydrocarbons?
CO = Carbon Monoxide)

HCNG dispensers can be found at Hynor (Norway) Thousand palms and Barstow,[5] California, Fort Collins, Colorado (all US), Chongqing[6] and Shanxi (China),[7][8] Pico Truncado (Argentina),[9] Islamabad (Pakistan),[10][11] Dunkerque (France),[12][13] Gothenburg Sweden, Rio de Janeiro[14] (Brazil), Emilia-Romagna,[15][16] Lombardia[17][18] (Italy), Dwarka and Faridabad (Delhi), India[19][20][21] and the BC hydrogen highway in Canada.

HCNG for mobile use is premixed at the hydrogen station.

## Contents

* 1 Research
* 2 Codes and standards
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Research

In the town of Nes on the island of Ameland in the Netherlands, a four-year (2008-2011) field test was carried out where 20% hydrogen was added to the local distribution net supplying a complex of 14 apartments.[22] The appliances involved were kitchen stoves, condensing boilers, and micro-CHP boilers.[23]

The use of existing natural gas pipelines for HCNG was studied by NaturalHy.[24]

To get the most out of an internal combustion engine in transportation if higher levels of hydrogen are added, modifications have to be made to the engine and the control strategy.[25][26][27] The hydrogen in the blend leads to lower CO2 emissions.[28]

## Codes and standards

The National Fire Protection Association 52 presently covers CNG and hydrogen fueling stations. Blends with < 20% hydrogen by volume are treated identically to CNG.[29] For the use of blends with more than 30[30]-40 % of hydrogen in volume[31] decision support tools[32] for the design are used to ensure safe use.

## See also

* HCNG dispenser
* Hydrogen infrastructure
* Hydrogen economy

## References

1. ↑ International hydrogen fuel and pressure vessel forum 2010
2. ↑ Test of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in a light-duty vehicle
3. ↑ Development of HCNG blended fuel engine with control of NOx emissions
4. ↑ Hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas
5. ↑ Hydrogen-enhanced natural gas vehicle program
6. ↑ Chongqing Wuzhoulong Works with Tsinghua University for HCNG Buses
7. ↑ HCNG in China
8. ↑ Sxgxny (Shanxi)
9. ↑ Argentina’s first HCNG patrol car
10. ↑ Prime Minister Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani supports non-stop CNG loading in Pakistan
11. ↑ PM dedicate three gas fields for CNG Industry, HCNG to import immediately with zero import duty
12. ↑ ALT-HY-TUDE Project
13. ↑ "Position Paper: Natural gas – hydrogen blends technology". http://www.ngvaeurope.eu/members/position-papers/NGVA-Europe-Position-Paper-on-Natural-Gas-Hydrogen-Blends-Technology.pdf.
14. ↑ Petrobras and the infrastructure for hydrogen supply in Brazil
15. ↑ Hydrogen-methanemixtures: vehicle tests performed by ENEA
16. ↑ mhybus
17. ↑ Regione Lombardia: 10 hydromethane Pandas
18. ↑ Italian highway presents first prototype of hydrogen-methane Iveco Ecodaily
19. ↑ Successful adoption of CNG and emerging CNG-H2 program in India
20. ↑ Automotive research body develops greener fuel engine for light vehicles
21. ↑ Hydrogen–CNG Fuel To Debut During Games
22. ↑ Pilot project on hydrogen injection in natural gas on island of Ameland
23. ↑ Ameland Field testing
24. ↑ Using the existing natural gas system for hydrogen
25. ↑ A study on quasi-dimensional combustion model of a spark ignition HCNG engine suitable for various hydrogen fractions (SAE 2008)
26. ↑ "Natural gas vehicle research roadmap -Pag.22". http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-500-2008-044/CEC-500-2008-044-D.PDF.
27. ↑ High-percentage hydrogen/cng blend Ford F-150 operating summary
28. ↑ Navarro, Emilio; Leo, Teresa J.; Corral, Roberto (2013). "CO2 emissions from a spark ignition engine operating on natural gas–hydrogen blends (HCNG)". Applied Energy 101: 112–120. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.046. ISSN 0306-2619. http://oa.upm.es/22625/.
29. ↑ "Hydrogen enriched natural gas technology-pag.36". http://www.ebeh.int.gov.br/imagens/PDFs/Marshal Miller2.pdf.
30. ↑ "Hydrogen and natural gas blends; Converting light and heavy duty vehicles". http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review04/tv_15_collier.pdf.
31. ↑ "Use of blends of hydrogen and natural gas in urban vehicles in the transition towards an hydrogen economy". http://www.dmf.unicatt.it/bong-hy/doc_finali/carica/wih2.pdf.
32. ↑ Decision Support Tool

## External links

* Hydrogen-Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG) Transport Fuel
* Hydrogen – Natural gas (HCNG) mixtures as fuels in internal combustion engines

* v
* t
* e

Fuel gas

Types|

| Manufactured fuel gas
(History)|

* Coal gas
* Coal gasification
* Underground coal gasification
* Biogas
* Blast furnace gas
* Blau gas
* Gasification
* Landfill gas
* Mond gas
* Pintsch gas
* Producer gas
* Regasification
* Syngas
* Water gas
* Wood gas

|

Natural gas|

* APG
* CBM
* CNG
* HCNG
* LNG
* NGC
* SNG
* Bio-SNG

LPG|

* Autogas
* Butane
* Propane

Infrastructure|

* Compressor station
* Gas carrier
* Gas holder
* Gas meter
* Gasworks
* Natural-gas processing
* Natural gas storage
* Odorizer
* Pipeline transport

Uses|

* Bunsen burner
* Gas burner
* Gas engine
* Gas heater
* Gas lighting
* Gas mantle
* Gas stove
* Gas turbine
* Pilot light

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