Isotopes of rhodium

Main isotopes of Chemistry:rhodium (45Rh) | Iso­tope | Decay

|

| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
99Rh  | syn | 16.1 d  | ε | 99Ru
γ | –
101mRh  | syn  | 4.34 d | ε  | 101Ru
IT | 101Rh
γ  | –
101Rh  | syn  | 3.3 y | ε  | 101Ru
γ  | –
102mRh  | syn  | 3.7 y  | ε  | 102Ru
γ  | –
102Rh  | syn  | 207 d | ε  | 102Ru
β+ | 102Ru
β− | 102Pd
γ  | –
103Rh  | 100%  | stable
105Rh  | syn  | 35.36 h  | β− | 105Pd
γ  | –
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Rh)|

* 102.90550(2)[1]

view * talk * edit

Naturally occurring rhodium (45Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope, 103Rh.[2] The most stable radioisotopes are 101Rh with a half-life of 4.07 years, 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized ranging from 89Rh to 122Rh - these have half-lives that are less than an hour except 100Rh (20.8 hours) and 105Rh (35.34 hours). There are also numerous meta states with the most stable being 102mRh with a half-life of 3.74 years and 101mRh with a half-life of 4.34 days.

The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103Rh, is electron capture to ruthenium isotopes, and the primary mode after is beta emission to palladium isotopes. Mass numbers 102 and 104 are capable of decay in either sense.

## List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6] | Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
89Rh  | 45  | 44  | 88.95099(39)#  | (1995) | <120 ns  | β+?  | 89Ru  | 9/2+#  |
p?  | 88Ru
β+, p?  | 88Tc
90Rh  | 45  | 45  | 89.94457(22)#  | 1994 | 29(3) ms  | β+ | 90Ru  | (0+)  |
β+, p? (<0.7%)  | 89Tc
90mRh[n 8] | 0(500)# keV  | 2001 | 0.56(2) s  | β+ (90.4%)  | 90Ru  | (7+)  |
β+, p (9.6%)  | 89Tc
91Rh  | 45  | 46  | 90.93712(32)#  | 1994 | 1.47(22) s  | β+ (98.7%)  | 91Ru  | (9/2+)  |
β+, p (1.3%)  | 90Tc
91mRh  | 172.9(4) keV  | 2005 | 1.8# s  | β+?  | 91Ru  | 1/2−#  |
β+, p?  | 90Tc
IT?  | 91Rh
92Rh  | 45  | 47  | 91.9323677(47)  | 1994 | 5.61(8) s  | β+ (97.95%)  | 92Ru  | (6+)  |
β+, p (2.05%)  | 91Tc
92m1Rh  | 50(100)# keV  | 2004 | 3.18(22) s  | β+ (98.3%)  | 92Ru  | (2+)  |
β+, p (1.7%)  | 91Tc
92m2Rh  | 105(100)# keV  | 2017 | 232(15) ns  | IT  | 92Rh  | (4+)  |
93Rh  | 45  | 48  | 92.9259128(28)  | 1994 | 13.9(16) s  | β+ | 93Ru  | 9/2+#  |
93mRh[3] | 267(48) keV  | 2023 |  |  |  | (1/2−)  |
94Rh  | 45  | 49  | 93.9217305(36)  | 1979 | 70.6(6) s  | β+ (98.2%)  | 94Ru  | (4+)  |
β+, p (1.8%)  | 93Tc
94m1Rh  | 54.60(20)# keV  | 2006 | 480(30) ns  | IT  | 94Rh  | (2+)  |
94m2Rh[n 8] | 300(200)# keV  | 1980 | 25.8(2) s  | β+ | 94Ru  | (8+)  |
95Rh  | 45  | 50  | 94.9158979(42)  | 1967 | 5.02(10) min  | β+ | 95Ru  | (9/2)+  |
95mRh  | 543.3(3) keV  | 1975 | 1.96(4) min  | IT (88%)  | 95Rh  | (1/2)−  |
β+ (12%)  | 95Ru
96Rh  | 45  | 51  | 95.914452(11)  | 1967 | 9.90(10) min  | β+ | 96Ru | 6+  |
96mRh  | 51.98(9) keV  | 1967 | 1.51(2) min  | IT (60%)  | 96Rh  | 3+  |
β+ (40%)  | 96Ru
97Rh  | 45  | 52  | 96.911328(38)  | 1955 | 30.7(6) min  | β+ | 97Ru  | 9/2+  |
97mRh  | 258.76(18) keV  | 1971 | 46.2(16) min  | β+ (94.4%)  | 97Ru  | 1/2−  |
IT (5.6%)  | 97Rh
98Rh  | 45  | 53  | 97.910708(13)  | 1955 | 8.72(12) min  | β+ | 98Ru | (2)+  |
98mRh[n 8] | 56.3(10) keV  | 1966 | 3.6(2) min  | IT (89%)  | 98Rh  | (5+)  |
β+ (11%)  | 98Ru
99Rh  | 45  | 54  | 98.908121(21)  | 1952 | 16.1(2) d  | β+ | 99Ru | 1/2−  |
99mRh  | 64.4(5) keV  | 1965 | 4.7(1) h  | β+ | 99Ru | 9/2+  |
IT?  | 99Rh
100Rh  | 45  | 55  | 99.908114(19)  | 1948 | 20.8(1) h  | EC (95.1%)  | 100Ru | 1−  |
β+ (4.9%)  | 100Ru
100m1Rh  | 74.782(14) keV  | 1965 | 214.0(20) ns  | IT  | 100Rh  | (2)+  |
100m2Rh  | 107.6(2) keV  | 1974 | 4.6(2) min  | IT (98.3%)  | 100Rh  | (5+)  |
β+ (1.7%)  | 100Ru
100m3Rh  | 219.61(22) keV  | 1984 | 130(10) ns  | IT  | 100Rh  | (7+)  |
101Rh  | 45  | 56  | 100.9061589(63)  | 1948 | 4.07(5) y  | EC  | 101Ru | 1/2−  |
101mRh  | 157.32(3) keV  | 1965 | 4.343(10) d  | EC (92.80%)  | 101Ru | 9/2+  |
IT (7.20%)  | 101Rh
102Rh  | 45  | 57  | 101.9068343(69)  | 1941 | 207.0(15) d  | β+ (78%)  | 102Ru | 2−  |
β− (22%)  | 102Pd
102mRh  | 140.73(9) keV  | 1963 | 3.742(10) y  | β+ (99.77%)  | 102Ru | 6+  |
IT (0.233%)  | 102Rh
103Rh[n 9] | 45  | 58  | 102.9054941(25)  | 1934 | Stable | 1/2−  | 1.0000
103mRh[n 9] | 39.753(6) keV  | 1944 | 56.114(9) min  | IT  | 103Rh | 7/2+  |
104Rh  | 45  | 59  | 103.9066453(25)  | 1939 | 42.3(4) s  | β− (99.55%)  | 104Pd | 1+  |
β+ (0.45%)  | 104Ru
104mRh  | 128.9679(5) keV  | 1939 | 4.34(3) min  | IT (99.87%)  | 104Rh  | 5+  |
β− (0.13%)  | 104Pd
105Rh[n 9] | 45  | 60  | 104.9056878(27)  | 1946 | 35.341(19) h  | β− | 105Pd | 7/2+  |
105mRh[n 9] | 129.742(4) keV  | 1951 | 42.8(3) s  | IT  | 105Rh  | 1/2−  |
106Rh[n 9] | 45  | 61  | 105.9072859(58)  | 1946 | 30.07(35) s  | β− | 106Pd | 1+  |
106mRh  | 132(11) keV  | 1955 | 131(2) min  | β− | 106Pd | (6)+  |
107Rh  | 45  | 62  | 106.906748(13)  | 1951 | 21.7(4) min  | β− | 107Pd  | 7/2+
107mRh  | 268.36(4) keV  | 1986 | >10 μs  | IT  | 107Rh  | 1/2−  |
108Rh  | 45  | 63  | 107.908715(15)  | 1955 | 16.8(5) s  | β− | 108Pd | 1+  |
108mRh  | 115(18) keV  | 1969 | 6.0(3) min  | β− | 108Pd | (5+)  |
109Rh  | 45  | 64  | 108.9087496(43)  | 1972 | 80.8(7) s  | β− | 109Pd  | 7/2+  |
109mRh  | 225.873(19) keV  | 1987 | 1.66(4) μs  | IT  | 109Rh  | 3/2+  |
110Rh  | 45  | 65  | 109.911080(19)  | 1963 | 3.35(12) s  | β− | 110Pd | (1+)  |
110mRh[n 8] | 220(150)# keV  | 1970 | 28.5(13) s  | β− | 110Pd | (6+)  |
111Rh  | 45  | 66  | 110.9116432(74)  | 1975 | 11(1) s  | β− | 111Pd  | (7/2+)  |
112Rh  | 45  | 67  | 111.914405(47)  | 1971 | 3.4(4) s  | β− | 112Pd  | (1+)  |
112mRh  | 340(70) keV  | 1988 | 6.73(15) s  | β− | 112Pd  | (6+)  |
113Rh  | 45  | 68  | 112.9154402(77)  | 1971 | 2.80(12) s  | β− | 113Pd  | (7/2+)  |
114Rh  | 45  | 69  | 113.918722(77)  | 1988 | 1.85(5) s  | β− | 114Pd  | 1+  |
114mRh[n 8] | 200(150)# keV  | 1988 | 1.85(5) s  | β− | 114Pd  | (7−)  |
114m2Rh  | 94.5(23) keV  | 2025 | ~1 s  | β− | 114Pd  | (0−)  |
115Rh  | 45  | 70  | 114.9203116(79)  | 1988 | 1.03(3) s  | β− | 115Pd  | (7/2+)  |
β−, n?  | 114Pd
116Rh  | 45  | 71  | 115.924062(79)  | 1970 | 685(39) ms  | β− (>97.9%)  | 116Pd  | 1+  |
β−, n? (<2.1%)  | 115Pd
116mRh[n 8] | 200(150)# keV  | 1988 | 570(50) ms  | β− (>97.9%)  | 116Pd  | (6−)  |
β−, n? (<2.1%)  | 115Pd
117Rh  | 45  | 72  | 116.9260363(95)  | 1991 | 421(30) ms  | β− | 117Pd  | 7/2+#  |
β−, n? (<7.6%)  | 116Pd
117mRh  | 321.2(10) keV  | 2013 | 138(17) ns  | IT  | 117Rh  | 3/2+#  |
118Rh  | 45  | 73  | 117.930341(26)  | 1994 | 282(9) ms  | β− (96.9%)  | 118Pd  | 1+#  |
β−, n (3.1%)  | 117Pd
118mRh[n 8] | 200(150)# keV  | 2023 | 310(30) ms  | β− (96.9%)  | 118Pd  | 6−#  |
β−, n (3.1%)  | 117Pd
IT?  | 118Rh
119Rh  | 45  | 74  | 118.932557(10)  | 1994 | 190(6) ms  | β− (93.6%)  | 119Pd  | 7/2+#  |
β−, n (6.4%)  | 118Pd
119mRh  | 260.7(10) keV  | 2026 | 107(10) ms  | β− | 119Pd  | 1/2−#  |
β−, n?  | 118Pd
IT?  | 119Rh
120Rh  | 45  | 75  | 119.93707(22)#  | 1994 | 129.6(42) ms  | β− | 120Pd  | 8−#  |
β−, n (<9.3%)  | 119Pd
β−, 2n?  | 118Pd
120mRh  | 157.2(7) keV  | 2012 | 295(16) ns  | IT  | 120Rh  | 6#  |
121Rh  | 45  | 76  | 120.93961(67)  | 1994 | 74(4) ms  | β− | 121Pd  | 7/2+#  |
β−, n (>11%)  | 120Pd
122Rh  | 45  | 77  | 121.94431(32)#  | 1997 | 51(6) ms  | β− | 122Pd  | 7−#  |
β−, n (<3.9%)  | 121Pd
β−, 2n?  | 120Pd
122mRh  | 271.0(7) keV  | 2012 | 830(120) ns  | IT  | 122Rh  | 4+#  |
123Rh  | 45  | 78  | 122.94719(43)#  | 2010 | 42(4) ms  | β− | 123Pd  | 7/2+#  |
β−, n (>24%)  | 122Pd
β−, 2n?  | 121Pd
124Rh  | 45  | 79  | 123.95200(43)#  | 2010 | 30(2) ms  | β− | 124Pd  | 2+#  |
β−, n (<31%)  | 123Pd
β−, 2n?  | 122Pd
125Rh  | 45  | 80  | 124.95509(54)#  | 2010 | 26.5(20) ms  | β− | 125Pd  | 7/2+#  |
β−, n?  | 124Pd
β−, 2n?  | 123Pd
126Rh  | 45  | 81  | 125.96006(54)#  | 2010 | 19(3) ms  | β− | 126Pd  | 1−#  |
β−, n?  | 125Pd
β−, 2n?  | 124Pd
127Rh  | 45  | 82  | 126.96379(64)#  | 2015 | 28(14) ms  | β− | 127Pd  | 7/2+#  |
β−, n?  | 126Pd
β−, 2n?  | 125Pd
128Rh  | 45  | 83  | 127.97065(32)#  | 2018 | 8# ms
[> 550 ns]  | β−?  | 128Pd  |  |
β−, n?  | 127Pd
β−, 2n?  | 126Pd

1. ↑ mRh - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

|

IT: | Isomeric transition
n: | Neutron emission
p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
7. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Fission product

## See also

Daughter products other than rhodium

* Isotopes of palladium
* Isotopes of ruthenium
* Isotopes of technetium

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. ↑ John W. Arblaster (April 2011). "The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes. The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010". Platinum Metals Review 55 (2): 124–134. doi:10.1595/147106711X555656.
3. ↑ Xing, Y. M.; Yuan, C. X.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhou, X. H.; Litvinov, Yu. A.; Blaum, K.; Xu, H. S. et al. (11 January 2023). "Isochronous mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclei from Sn 112 projectile fragmentation". Physical Review C 107 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.107.014304.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Physics:Isotopes_of_rhodium&oldid=4368149"