Isotopes of rhodium

Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 45 but with different mass numbers

Main isotopes of Chemistry:rhodium (45Rh) | Iso­tope | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
99Rh  | syn | 16.1 d  | ε | 99Ru
γ | –
101mRh  | syn  | 4.34 d | ε  | 101Ru
IT | 101Rh
γ  | –
101Rh  | syn  | 3.3 y | ε  | 101Ru
γ  | –
102mRh  | syn  | 3.7 y  | ε  | 102Ru
γ  | –
102Rh  | syn  | 207 d | ε  | 102Ru
β+ | 102Ru
β− | 102Pd
γ  | –
103Rh  | 100%  | stable
105Rh  | syn  | 35.36 h  | β− | 105Pd
γ  | –
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Rh)|

* 102.90550(2)[1]

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Naturally occurring rhodium (45Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope, 103Rh.[2] The most stable radioisotopes are 101Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 88.949 u (89Rh) to 121.943 u (122Rh). Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour except 100Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and 105Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous meta states with the most stable being 102mRh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 3.7 years and 101mRh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days.

The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103Rh, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 103Rh is ruthenium and the primary product after is palladium.

## List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6] | Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
89Rh  | 45  | 44  | 88.94884(48)#  | 10# ms
[>1.5 μs]  | β+ | 89Ru  | 7/2+#  |  |
90Rh  | 45  | 45  | 89.94287(54)#  | 15(7) ms
[12(+9−4) ms]  | β+ | 90Ru  | 0+#  |  |
90mRh  | 0(500)# keV  | 1.1(3) s
[1.0(+3−2) s]  |  |  | 9+#  |  |
91Rh  | 45  | 46  | 90.93655(43)#  | 1.74(14) s  | β+ | 91Ru  | 7/2+#  |  |
91mRh  |  | 1.46(11) s  |  |  | (1/2−)  |  |
92Rh  | 45  | 47  | 91.93198(43)#  | 4.3(13) s  | β+ | 92Ru  | (6+)  |  |
92mRh  |  | 4.66(25) s
[2.9(+15−8) s]  |  |  | (≥6+)  |  |
93Rh  | 45  | 48  | 92.92574(43)#  | 11.9(7) s  | β+ | 93Ru  | 9/2+#  |  |
94Rh  | 45  | 49  | 93.92170(48)#  | 70.6(6) s  | β+ (98.2%)  | 94Ru  | (2+, 4+)  |  |
β+, p (1.79%)  | 93Tc
94mRh  | 300(200)# keV  | 25.8(2) s  | β+ | 94Ru  | (8+)  |  |
95Rh  | 45  | 50  | 94.91590(16)  | 5.02(10) min  | β+ | 95Ru  | (9/2)+  |  |
95mRh  | 543.3(3) keV  | 1.96(4) min  | IT (88%)  | 95Rh  | (1/2)−  |  |
β+ (12%)  | 95Ru
96Rh  | 45  | 51  | 95.914461(14)  | 9.90(10) min  | β+ | 96Ru | (6+)  |  |
96mRh  | 52.0(1) keV  | 1.51(2) min  | IT (60%)  | 96Rh  | (3+)  |  |
β+ (40%)  | 96Ru
97Rh  | 45  | 52  | 96.91134(4)  | 30.7(6) min  | β+ | 97Ru  | 9/2+  |  |
97mRh  | 258.85(17) keV  | 46.2(16) min  | β+ (94.4%)  | 97Ru  | 1/2−  |  |
IT (5.6%)  | 97Rh
98Rh  | 45  | 53  | 97.910708(13)  | 8.72(12) min  | β+ | 98Ru | (2)+  |  |
98mRh  | 60(50)# keV  | 3.6(2) min  | IT  | 98Rh  | (5+)  |  |
β+ | 98Ru
99Rh  | 45  | 54  | 98.908132(8)  | 16.1(2) d  | β+ | 99Ru | 1/2−  |  |
99mRh  | 64.3(4) keV  | 4.7(1) h  | β+ (99.83%)  | 99Ru | 9/2+  |  |
IT (.16%)  | 99Rh
100Rh  | 45  | 55  | 99.908122(20)  | 20.8(1) h  | β+ | 100Ru | 1−  |  |
100m1Rh  | 107.6(2) keV  | 4.6(2) min  | IT (98.3%)  | 100Rh  | (5+)  |  |
β+ (1.7%)  | 100Ru
100m2Rh  | 74.78(2) keV  | 214.0(20) ns  |  |  | (2)+  |  |
100m3Rh  | 112.0+X keV  | 130(10) ns  |  |  | (7+)  |  |
101Rh  | 45  | 56  | 100.906164(18)  | 3.3(3) y  | EC | 101Ru | 1/2−  |  |
101mRh  | 157.32(4) keV  | 4.34(1) d  | EC (93.6%)  | 101Ru | 9/2+  |  |
IT (6.4%)  | 101Rh
102Rh  | 45  | 57  | 101.906843(5)  | 207.0(15) d  | β+ (80%)  | 102Ru | (1−, 2−)  |  |
β− (20%)  | 102Pd
102mRh  | 140.75(8) keV  | 3.742(10) y  | β+ (99.77%)  | 102Ru | 6+  |  |
IT (.23%)  | 102Rh
103Rh[n 8] | 45  | 58  | 102.905504(3)  | Stable | 1/2−  | 1.0000  |
103mRh  | 39.756(6) keV  | 56.114(9) min  | IT  | 103Rh | 7/2+  |  |
104Rh  | 45  | 59  | 103.906656(3)  | 42.3(4) s  | β− (99.55%)  | 104Pd | 1+  |  |
β+ (.449%)  | 104Ru
104mRh  | 128.967(4) keV  | 4.34(3) min  |  |  | 5+  |  |
105Rh[n 8] | 45  | 60  | 104.905694(4)  | 35.36(6) h  | β− | 105Pd | 7/2+  |  |
105mRh  | 129.781(4) keV  | 42.9(3) s  | IT  | 105Rh  | 1/2−  |  |
β− | 105Pd
106Rh  | 45  | 61  | 105.907287(8)  | 29.80(8) s  | β− | 106Pd | 1+  |  |
106mRh  | 136(12) keV  | 131(2) min  | β− | 106Pd | (6)+  |  |
107Rh  | 45  | 62  | 106.906748(13)  | 21.7(4) min  | β− | 107Pd  | 7/2+  |  |
107mRh  | 268.36(4) keV  | >10 μs  |  |  | 1/2−  |  |
108Rh  | 45  | 63  | 107.90873(11)  | 16.8(5) s  | β− | 108Pd | 1+  |  |
108mRh  | −60(110) keV  | 6.0(3) min  | β− | 108Pd | (5)(+#)  |  |
109Rh  | 45  | 64  | 108.908737(13)  | 80(2) s  | β− | 109Pd  | 7/2+  |  |
110Rh  | 45  | 65  | 109.91114(5)  | 28.5(15) s  | β− | 110Pd | (>3)(+#)  |  |
110mRh  | −60(50) keV  | 3.2(2) s  | β− | 110Pd | 1+  |  |
111Rh  | 45  | 66  | 110.91159(3)  | 11(1) s  | β− | 111Pd  | (7/2+)  |  |
112Rh  | 45  | 67  | 111.91439(6)  | 3.45(37) s  | β− | 112Pd  | 1+  |  |
112mRh  | 330(70) keV  | 6.73(15) s  | β− | 112Pd  | (4, 5, 6)  |  |
113Rh  | 45  | 68  | 112.91553(5)  | 2.80(12) s  | β− | 113Pd  | (7/2+)  |  |
114Rh  | 45  | 69  | 113.91881(12)  | 1.85(5) s  | β− (>99.9%)  | 114Pd  | 1+  |  |
β−, n (<.1%)  | 113Pd
114mRh  | 200(150)# keV  | 1.85(5) s  | β− | 114Pd  | (4, 5)  |  |
115Rh  | 45  | 70  | 114.92033(9)  | 0.99(5) s  | β− | 115Pd  | (7/2+)#  |  |
116Rh  | 45  | 71  | 115.92406(15)  | 0.68(6) s  | β− (>99.9%)  | 116Pd  | 1+  |  |
β−, n (<.1%)  | 115Pd
116mRh  | 200(150)# keV  | 570(50) ms  | β− | 116Pd  | (6−)  |  |
117Rh  | 45  | 72  | 116.92598(54)#  | 0.44(4) s  | β− | 117Pd  | (7/2+)#  |  |
118Rh  | 45  | 73  | 117.93007(54)#  | 310(30) ms  | β− | 118Pd  | (4−10)(+#)  |  |
119Rh  | 45  | 74  | 118.93211(64)#  | 300# ms
[>300 ns]  | β− | 119Pd  | 7/2+#  |  |
120Rh  | 45  | 75  | 119.93641(64)#  | 200# ms
[>300 ns]  | β− | 120Pd  |  |  |
121Rh  | 45  | 76  | 120.93872(97)#  | 100# ms
[>300 ns]  | β− | 121Pd  | 7/2+#  |  |
122Rh  | 45  | 77  | 121.94321(75)#  | 50# ms
[>300 ns]  |  |  |  |  |

1. ↑ mRh - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

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IT: | Isomeric transition
n: | Neutron emission
p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
7. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fission product

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. ↑ John W. Arblaster (April 2011). "The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes. The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010". Platinum Metals Review 55 (2): 124–134. doi:10.1595/147106711X555656.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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