Leviton (quasiparticle)

A leviton is a collective excitation of a single electron within a metal.[1][2][3][4] It has been mostly studied in two-dimensional electron gases alongside quantum point contacts. The main feature is that the excitation produces an electron pulse without the creation of electron holes. The time-dependence of the pulse is described by a Lorentzian distribution created by a pulsed electric potential.[1][2] Levitons have also been described in graphene.[5][6]

The leviton is named after Leonid Levitov, who first predicted its existence in 1996.[1]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "New 'leviton' quasiparticle spotted by physicists". physicsworld.com. 24 October 2013. http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2013/oct/24/new-leviton-quasiparticle-spotted-by-physicists.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dubois, J.; Jullien, T.; Portier, F.; Roche, P.; Cavanna, A.; Jin, Y.; Wegscheider, W.; Roulleau, P. et al. (31 October 2013). "Minimal-excitation states for electron quantum optics using levitons". Nature 502 (7473): 659–663. doi:10.1038/nature12713. PMID 24153178. Bibcode: 2013Natur.502..659D. https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01481175/file/CMD25_Abstract_T_Jullien.pdf.
3. ↑ "Researchers produce the first experimental pulse-generation of a single electron—a leviton". Phys.org. http://phys.org/news/2013-10-experimental-pulse-generation-electrona-leviton.html.
4. ↑ Francis, Matthew (2013-10-23). "New type of quantum excitation behaves like a solitary particle". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/10/new-type-of-quantum-excitation-behaves-like-a-solitary-particle/.
5. ↑ Forrester, Derek Michael; Kusmartsev, Feodor V. (May 13, 2014). "Graphene levitons and anti-levitons in magnetic fields". Nanoscale 6 (13): 7594–7603. doi:10.1039/C4NR00754A. PMID 24893578. Bibcode: 2014Nanos...6.7594F.
6. ↑ Forrester, Derek Michael (1 January 2015). "Confinement effects of levitons in a graphene cosmology laboratory". RSC Advances 5 (7): 5442–5449. doi:10.1039/C4RA11227J. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/16547/1/RSCAdv2015_5_5442_DMF.pdf.

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