List of countries by thorium resources

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Thorium resources are the estimated mineral reserves of thorium on Earth. Thorium is a future potential source of low-carbon energy.[1] Thorium has been demonstrated to perform as a nuclear fuel in several reactor designs.[2][3] It is present with a higher abundance than uranium in the crust of the earth. Thorium resources have not been estimated and assessed with a higher level of confidence, as in the case of uranium. Approximately 6 million tonnes of thorium have been estimated globally based on currently limited exploration and mainly on historical data.[4][5]

Thorium resources are found widely in over 35 countries all over the world. As there is currently negligible commercial use of thorium, the resources should be considered potentially viable according to the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources. Figures are given in metric tonnes of thorium metal.

Country  | Total thorium resources,
tonnes Th (rounded)  | Remarks

|
|

Angola  | 10,000  | Historical data[6]
Argentina  | 35,910  | Recent reassessment[7]
Australia  | 595,000  | [8]
Brazil  | 632,000  | [9]
Canada  | 172,000  | [10]
China  | 100,000  | Possibly many hundred thousand tonnes.[11]
Template:Country data Congo, Democratic Republic of | 2,500  | [6]
Egypt  | 380,000  | Historical data[12]
Finland  | 60,000  | Historical data[13]
France  | 1,000  | Historical data. Estimated to be from several hundred to a thousand tonnes.[14]
Greenland (Denmark)  | 86,000  | Current active exploration. Possibly up to 684,000 t.[15]
India  | 846,477  | [16]
Iran  | 30,000  | Historical data[17]
Kenya  | 8,000  | Historical data[12]
Kazakhstan  | 50,000  | [18]
Template:Country data Korea, Republic of | 6,000  | [19]
Madagascar  | 22,000  | Historical data[20]
Malawi  | 9,000  | Historical data[21]
Malaysia  | 18,000  | [22]
Morocco  | 30,000  | Historical data[21]
Mozambique  | 10,000  | [23]
Nigeria  | 29,000  | [23]
Norway  | 87,000  | Historical data[24]
Peru  | 20,000  | [25]
Russia  | 155,000  | [26][27]
South Africa  | 148,000  | [28]
Sri Lanka  | 4,000  | [27]
Sweden  | 50,000  | Historical data[29]
Taiwan  | 9,000  | [18]
Thailand  | 10,000  | Historical data[30]
Turkey  | 381,000  | Historical data[31]
United States of America  | 595,000  | [32]
Uruguay  | 3,000  | Historical data[25]
Uzbekistan  | 5,000  | [33]
Venezuela  | 300,000  | Historical data[25]
Vietnam  | 5,000  | [33]
Others (Africa)  | 1,000  | Historical data[18]
Others (CIS) (excluding Russia,
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan)  | 1,340,000  | [18]
Total | 6,245,887 |

## See also

* Thorium
* Occurrence of thorium
* List of countries by uranium reserves
* Thorium fuel cycle
* Thorium-based nuclear power
* Thorium Energy Alliance
* Nuclear power

## References

1. ↑ "Role of Thorium to Supplement Fuel Cycles of Future Nuclear Energy Systems" (in en). 2016-09-16. https://www.iaea.org/publications/8703/role-of-thorium-to-supplement-fuel-cycles-of-future-nuclear-energy-systems.
2. ↑ "Thorium Fuel Cycle - Potential Benefits and Challenges" (in en). 2019-02-28. https://www.iaea.org/publications/7192/thorium-fuel-cycle-potential-benefits-and-challenges.
3. ↑ "Introduction of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle | en | OECD". https://www.oecd.org/publications/introduction-of-thorium-in-the-nuclear-fuel-cycle-9789264241732-en.htm.
4. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 112.
5. ↑ "Thorium - World Nuclear Association". https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/thorium.aspx.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 49.
7. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 38.
8. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 99.
9. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 39.
10. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 29.
11. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 63.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 50.
13. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 14.
14. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 15.
15. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 17.
16. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 68.
17. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 75.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 105.
19. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 76.
20. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 51.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 53.
22. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 78.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 54.
24. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 20.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 47.
26. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, pp. 21-22.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 83.
28. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 57.
29. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 23.
30. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 85.
31. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 26.
32. ↑ International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 106.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 International Atomic Energy Agency 2019, p. 86.

## Sources

* International Atomic Energy Agency (2019). ﻿World Thorium Occurrences, Deposits and Resources﻿ (Report). http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/TE-1877web.pdf.

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