Neutron backscattering

Science with neutrons

Foundations

* Neutron temperature
* Flux * Radiation * Transport
* Cross section * Absorption * Activation

Neutron scattering

* Neutron diffraction
* Small-angle neutron scattering
* GISANS
* Reflectometry
* Inelastic neutron scattering
* Triple-axis spectrometer
* Time-of-flight spectrometer
* Backscattering spectrometer
* Spin-echo spectrometer

Other applications

* Neutron tomography
* Activation analysis * Prompt gamma activation analysis
* Fundamental research with neutrons: Ultracold neutrons * Interferometry
* Fast neutron therapy
* Neutron capture therapy

Infrastructure

* Neutron sources: Research reactor * Spallation * Neutron moderator
* Neutron optics: Reflector * Guide * Supermirror * Polarizer
* Detection

Neutron facilities

* America: HFIR * LANSCE * NIST CNR -SNS
* Australia: OPAL
* Asia: J-PARC * HANARO
* Europe: BER II * FRM II * ILL * ISIS Neutron and Muon Source * JINR * LLB * PINS * SINQ
* Historic: IPNS * HFBR
* Under construction: ESS

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Neutron backscattering is one of several inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Backscattering from monochromator and analyzer crystals is used to achieve an energy resolution in the order of μeV. Neutron backscattering experiments are performed to study atomic or molecular motion on a nanosecond time scale.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Backscattering spectrometers
* 3 Inverse geometry spectrometers
* 4 Historic instruments
* 5 References

## History

Neutron backscattering was proposed by Heinz Maier-Leibnitz in 1966,[1] and realized by some of his students in a test setup at the research reactor FRM I in Garching bei München, Germany.[2] Following this successful demonstration of principle, permanent spectrometers were built at Forschungszentrum Jülich and at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). Later instruments brought an extension of the accessible momentum transfer range (IN13 at ILL), the introduction of focussing optics (IN16 at ILL), and a further increase of intensity by a compact design with a phase-space transform chopper (HFBS at NIST, SPHERES at FRM II, IN16B at the Institut Laue-Langevin).

## Backscattering spectrometers

Operational backscattering spectrometers at reactors include IN10, IN13, and IN16B at the Institut Laue-Langevin, the High Flux Backscattering Spectrometer (HFBS) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research,[3] the SPHERES] instrument of Forschungszentrum Jülich at FRM II[4] and EMU at ANSTO.

## Inverse geometry spectrometers

Inverse geometry spectrometers at spallation sources include IRIS and OSIRIS at the ISIS neutron source at Rutherford-Appleton, BASIS at the Spallation Neutron Source, and MARS at the Paul Scherrer Institute

## Historic instruments

Historic instruments are the first backscattering spectrometer that was a temporary setup at FRM I and the backscattering spectrometer BSS (also called PI) at the DIDO reactor of the Forschungszentrum Jülich (decommissioned).[5]

## References

1. ↑ H. Maier-Leibnitz: Grundlagen für die Beurteilung von Intensitäts- und Genauigkeitsfragen bei Neutronenstreumessungen, Nukleonik 8, 61 (1966).
2. ↑ Alefeld, B.; Birr, M.; Heidemann, A. (1969). "Ein neues hochauflösendes Neutronenkristallspektrometer und seine Anwendung". Die Naturwissenschaften 56 (8): 410–412. doi:10.1007/BF00593617. ISSN 0028-1042. Bibcode: 1969NW.....56..410A.
3. ↑ Meyer, A.; Dimeo, R. M.; Gehring, P. M.; Neumann, D. A. (2003). "The high-flux backscattering spectrometer at the NIST Center for Neutron Research". Review of Scientific Instruments 74 (5): 2759. doi:10.1063/1.1568557. ISSN 0034-6748. Bibcode: 2003RScI...74.2759M.
4. ↑ Wuttke, Joachim; Budwig, Alfred; Drochner, Matthias; Kämmerling, Hans; Kayser, Franz-Joseph; Kleines, Harald; Ossovyi, Vladimir; Pardo, Luis Carlos et al. (2012). "SPHERES, Jülich's high-flux neutron backscattering spectrometer at FRM II". Review of Scientific Instruments 83 (7): 075109. doi:10.1063/1.4732806. ISSN 0034-6748. PMID 22852726. Bibcode: 2012RScI...83g5109W.
5. ↑ A historical and updated review on neutron backscattering and its applications can be found on WEB-site of Neutron Backscattering Spectroscopy and a more recent version of it at http://ah-backscattering.pagesperso-orange.fr/

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