Programmable photonics

Short description: The study of photonic circuits for computation

Programmable photonics is a subfield of photonics that studies the development of photonic circuits for computation. It encompasses passive computation, which sculpts light in a way that performs a certain computation,[1] and the more ambitious, futuristic active computation (like in semiconductors).[2]

Programmable photonics has received increasing interest from the defense, virtual reality, and augmented reality sectors, among others.[3][4][5]

Optical metasurfaces (OMs) are widely considered the current state of the art in passive programmable photonics,[6] making the pragmatic decision of sticking to a 2D layer due to the difficulty of fabricating nanoscale 3D structures.[7] Significant research effort is devoted to fabricating nanoscale, complex 3D structures more efficiently and precisely.[8][9]

## References

1. ↑ Preble, Stefan; Bergman, Barton; Carpenter, Lewis G.; Chrostowski, Lukas; Dikshit, Amit; Fanto, Michael; Lin, Wenhua; van Niekerk, Matthew et al. (1 January 2023). "Passive silicon photonic devices". Integrated Photonics for Data Communication Applications. Integrated Photonics Apps Specific Design & Manufacturing (Elsevier): 159–199. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-91224-2.00001-1. ISBN 9780323912242. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323912242000011.
2. ↑ "Active Photonic Platforms (APP) 2024, Conference Details". https://spie.org/opn/conferencedetails/active-photonic-materials.
3. ↑ "Military optical computing uses fast optical interconnects for small size, light weight, and RFI immunity". Military Aerospace. 30 March 2011. https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/16716232/military-optical-computing-uses-fast-optical-interconnects-for-small-size-light-weight-and-rfi-immunity.
4. ↑ "Meta-optics: The disruptive technology you didn't see coming" (in en). phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2022-12-meta-optics-disruptive-technology-didnt.html.
5. ↑ "A metalens for virtual and augmented reality". 21 January 2021. https://seas.harvard.edu/news/2021/01/metalens-virtual-and-augmented-reality.
6. ↑ Neshev, Dragomir; Aharonovich, Igor (29 August 2018). "Optical metasurfaces: new generation building blocks for multi-functional optics" (in en). Light: Science & Applications 7 (1): 58. doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0058-1. ISSN 2047-7538. PMID 30839584. Bibcode: 2018LSA.....7...58N.
7. ↑ Hu, Jie; Bandyopadhyay, Sankhyabrata; Liu, Yu-hui; Shao, Li-yang (2021). "A Review on Metasurface: From Principle to Smart Metadevices". Frontiers in Physics 8: 502. doi:10.3389/fphy.2020.586087. ISSN 2296-424X. Bibcode: 2021FrP.....8..502H.
8. ↑ Ouyang, Wenqi; Xu, Xiayi; Lu, Wanping; Zhao, Ni; Han, Fei; Chen, Shih-Chi (27 March 2023). "Ultrafast 3D nanofabrication via digital holography" (in en). Nature Communications 14 (1): 1716. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37163-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 36973254. Bibcode: 2023NatCo..14.1716O.
9. ↑ Oran, Daniel; Rodriques, Samuel G.; Gao, Ruixuan; Asano, Shoh; Skylar-Scott, Mark A.; Chen, Fei; Tillberg, Paul W.; Marblestone, Adam H. et al. (14 December 2018). "3D nanofabrication by volumetric deposition and controlled shrinkage of patterned scaffolds" (in en). Science 362 (6420): 1281–1285. doi:10.1126/science.aau5119. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30545883. Bibcode: 2018Sci...362.1281O.

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