Surface energy transfer

Comparison of energy transfer efficiency between SET and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)

Surface energy transfer (SET) is a dipole-surface energy transfer process involving a metallic surface and a molecular dipole.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Formula
* 2 Efficiency
* 3 Applications
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Formula

The SET rate follows the inverse of the fourth power of the distance[2]

kSET=1τD(d0d)4

where

* τD is the donor emission lifetime;
* d is the distance between donor-acceptor;
* d0 is the distance at which SET efficiency decreases to 50% (i.e., equal probability of energy transfer and spontaneous emission).

## Efficiency

The energy transfer efficiency also follows a similar form

ϕSET=11+(d/d0)4

Due to the fourth power dependence SET can cover a distance more than 15 nm, which is almost twice the efficiency of FRET.[3] Theoretically predicted in 1978 by Chance et al. it was proved experimentally in 2000s by different workers.[4]

## Applications

The efficiency of SET as nanoruler has been used in live cells.[5]

Gold nano particles are frequently used in these studies as the nanoparticle surface.[citation needed]

## See also

* Dexter electron transfer
* Förster resonance energy transfer

## References

1. ↑ Christopher J. Breshike; Ryan A. Riskowski; Geoffrey F. Strouse (2013). "Leaving Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Behind: Nanometal Surface Energy Transfer Predicts the Size-Enhanced Energy Coupling between a Metal Nanoparticle and an Emitting Dipole". J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (45): 23942–23949. doi:10.1021/jp407259r.
2. ↑ C. S. Yun (2005). "Nanometal Surface Energy Transfer in Optical Rulers, Breaking the FRET Barrier". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (9): 3115–3119. doi:10.1021/ja043940i. PMID 15740151.
3. ↑ T. L. Jennings; M. P. Singh; G. F. Strouse (2006). "Fluorescent Lifetime Quenching near d = 1.5 nm Gold Nanoparticles: Probing NSET Validity". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (16): 5462–5467. doi:10.1021/ja0583665. PMID 16620118.
4. ↑ R. Chance; A. Prock; R. Silbey (1978). "Molecular Fluorescence and Energy Transfer Near Interfaces". Adv. Chem. Phys.. Advances in Chemical Physics 60: 1. doi:10.1002/9780470142561.ch1. ISBN 978-0-471-03459-9.
5. ↑ Yan Chen (2010). "A Surface Energy Transfer Nanoruler for Measuring Binding Site Distances on Live Cell Surfaces". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (46): 16559–16570. doi:10.1021/ja106360v. PMID 21038856.

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