Tokamak de Fontenay aux Roses

Short description: Tokamak in Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France

The Tokamak de Fontenay-aux-Roses (TFR) was the first French tokamak, built in a research centre of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) in Fontenay-aux-Roses, a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France.[1] Roughly the same size as the contemporary Soviet T-3 and American Symmetrical Tokamak, but had a larger internal plasma volume and a much more powerful power supply that drove plasma currents up to 400,000 Amps for as long as half a second. Completed in 1973, it remained the world's most powerful tokamak until 1976 when it was surpassed by the Princeton Large Torus.

Among the major discoveries made on TFR was the concept of "disruptions", potentially damaging events that eject the plasma from the center and lead to an event known as "runaway electrons". In 1975, such an event burned holes through the vacuum vessel, requiring extensive repairs.[2]

It was followed by Tore Supra at Cadarache.

## References

1. ↑ Braams, C.M.; Stot, P.E. (2002-06-20). Nuclear Fusion: Half a Century of Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research. The Institute of Physics. ISBN 9781420033786. https://books.google.com/books?id=Zj4vx9O0T0YC&q=Tokamak+de+Fontenay+aux+Roses&pg=PA153.
2. ↑ Runaway electrons and anomalous scattering of electrons trapped in local troughs of TFR Tokamak (Technical report). Euratom-CEA. December 1975.

## External links

* CEA official website (in English)
* CEA page about the history of fusion research (in French)

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Fusion power, processes and devices

Core topics|

* Nuclear fusion
* Timeline
* List of experiments
* Nuclear power
* Nuclear reactor
* Atomic nucleus
* Fusion energy gain factor
* Lawson criterion
* Magnetohydrodynamics
* Neutron
* Plasma

Processes,
methods|

| Confinement
type|

| Gravitational|

* Alpha process
* Triple-alpha process
* CNO cycle
* Fusor
* Helium flash
* Nova
* remnants
* Proton-proton chain
* Carbon-burning
* Lithium burning
* Neon-burning
* Oxygen-burning
* Silicon-burning
* R-process
* S-process

|

Magnetic|

* Dense plasma focus
* Field-reversed configuration
* Levitated dipole
* Magnetic mirror
* Bumpy torus
* Reversed field pinch
* Spheromak
* Stellarator
* Tokamak
* Spherical
* Z-pinch

Inertial|

* Bubble (acoustic)
* Laser-driven
* Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion

Electrostatic|

* Fusor
* Polywell

Other forms|

* Magnetized target
* Migma
* Muon-catalyzed
* Pyroelectric

Devices,
experiments|

| Magnetic
confinement|

| Tokamak|

| International|

* ITER
* DEMO
* PROTO

|

Americas|

* STOR-M
* MEDUSA-CR
* Alcator C-Mod
* DIII-D
* UCLA ET
* LTX
* NSTX
* Pegasus
* PBX-M
* TEXT
* TFTR
* ETE
* Novillo

Asia,
Australia|

* LT-1
* TORTUS
* CT-6
* CFETR
* EAST
* HL-1(M)
* HL-2A
* HT-6(B, M)
* HT-7(U)
* J-TEXT
* KT-5
* SUNIST
* ADITYA
* SST-1
* IR-T1
* JT-60
* QUEST [ja]
* KTM
* GLAST
* K-DEMO
* KSTAR

Europe|

* JET
* COMPASS
* GOLEM
* TJ-I
* TFR
* WEST
* ASDEX Upgrade
* TEXTOR
* FTU
* IGNITOR
* RTP
* ISTTOK
* T-3
* T-4
* T-10
* T-15
* TCV
* MAST
* MAST-U
* START

Stellarator|

| Americas|

* ATF
* CTH
* CNT
* HSX
* HIDRA
* NCSX
* QPS
* SCR-1

|

Asia,
Australia|

* H-1NF
* Lingyun
* CHS
* Heliotron J
* LHD
* TU-Heliac

Europe|

* UST-1
* UST-2
* TJ-II
* TJ-IU
* TJ-K
* WEGA [de]
* Wendelstein 7-AS [de]
* Wendelstein 7-X
* Uragan-1
* Uragan-2 (Uragan-2M)
* Uragan-3 (Uragan-3M [uk])
* L-2M

RFP|

* RFX
* TPE-RX
* EXTRAP T2R
* MST

Other|

* MTF
* LDX
* MCX
* MFTF
* PFRC
* SSPX
* ZETA

Inertial
confinement|

| Laser|

| Americas|

* Argus
* Cyclops
* Janus
* LIFE
* Long path
* NIF
* Nike
* Nova
* OMEGA
* Shiva

|

Asia|

* SG-I
* SG-II
* SG-III
* SG-IV
* GEKKO XII

Europe|

* HiPER
* Asterix IV (PALS)
* LMJ
* LULI2000
* ISKRA
* Vulcan

Non-laser|

* PTS
* Qiangguang-1
* PACER
* Z machine

Applications|

* Thermonuclear weapon
* Pure fusion weapon

International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility

[ ⚑ ]  48°47′20″N 2°17′20″E﻿ / ﻿48.7889°N 2.2888°E﻿ / 48.7889; 2.2888

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